• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1983

Sixteen crosses from two strains of White Cornish and White Plymouth Rock were reared seperately on floors and abdominal fat was measured every two weeks interval from two weeks to twelve weeks of age. The abdominal fat weights surgically removed were slightly heavier in female than male. Estimates of general combining ability variances of body weight showed significant at all weeks of age in both sexes but those of abdominal fat weight were significant at 2, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female and 2, 6 and 12 weeks of age in male. In percentage of abdominal fat to body weight, the significant differences were observed at 10 and 12 weeks of age only in female. The specific combining ability variances were significant at 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female and 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age in male in body weight. In abdominal fat weight, there were significant differences at 4, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female but no significant differences in male. The specific combining ability variances of percentage of abdominal fat to body weight showed significant differences at 4 and 8 weeks of age in female but no significant difference in male.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.417-428
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted with 80 male rats for 4 weeks to investigate the effect of water soluble extracts(WSE) from different sections of farmed Elk(Cervus elaphus) antler on lipid metabolism and hematology. Antlers were divided into four sections of tip, upper, middle and base. Water soluble extract(35g/60ml) was prepared from each section of antler, and was administered orally to male Sprague- Dawley rats(10ml/kg body weight) once a day. Administration of WSE from upper, middle and base sections of antler decreased(P<0.0027) AST values at 3 weeks of feeding, however AST value was decreased(P< 0.0136) in the WSE of base section compared to that of control at 4 weeks of feeding. Administration of antler WSE for 4 weeks decreased total cholesterol in visceral fat(P<0.0035) and liver(P<0.0003) at 4 weeks of feeding compared to those of control. Feeding antler WSE for 4 weeks increased the compositions of C14:0(P<0.0037), C16:1(P<0.0061), C18:1(P<0.0066), C18:2(P< 0.0069) and C18:3(P<0.0035) in the visceral fat compared with that of control.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.21 no.6 s.236
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• pp.124-127
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• 1989

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.7 s.177
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• pp.67-69
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• 1984

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

This study was conducted to obtain more detailed information on the characteristics of body fat distribution, genetic variation and correlation of fat amount at different location in broiler type chicken. A total of 429 offsprings, produced by mating 13 sires with 52 dams of WPR, were used for this study. All experimental analyses were made on dressed carcasses of 8 weeks of age. The average live body weight was 1,856g in male and 1,483g in female, the proportions of each part to live body weight were higher in male group except skin and abdominal fat pad. The total body fat was more in male (40.76g), but fat rate of total body, skin, and abdomen to live body weight were significantly higher in female group. The fat percentages in each body location were significantly higher in the fatty group and in each sex. The rates of abdominal fat to total body fat were increased by fattening, while subcutaneous fat percentages were lowered. There were high correlations between body weight and fat deposit in each location. The genetic correlation coefficients of body weight to fat percentages of skinned carcass, skin, abdomen, and total body fat to live body weight were negative in both sexes, but those to total body fat, eviscerated carcass fat, and skin fat were positive. In conclusion, the fat weight and fat percentage in individual chickens became higher by fattening however, genetic correlation between live body weight and percentages total body fat to live body weight were so low(negative) that decreasing body fat could be possible without decreasing body weight.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2002

To observe the effect of Induced molting on the recovery patterns of abdominal fat, visceral organs, and muscle tissues in spent laying hens after induced molting, three hundred sixty 77-wk-old, Babcock White hens were divided into 36 experimental units of 10 hens each and subjected to molt induction for seven wk. The post-molt production phase was spread over 84 to 126 wks of age. Thirty-six birds were randomly slaughtered and dressed at the pre-molt, 5% egg production, Peak, and end Phases of e99 Production. The body weight, abdominal fat, relative weight and length of visceral organs were measured. Proximate compositions of breast and thigh muscles were analyzed at each stage. The body weight was found to be minimal at the 5% egg Production stage, but increased as the egg Production increased for the rest of production. The pattern of abdominal fat change was very similar to that of body weight. The relative weight of the liver decreased to the lowest at the start of Post molting stage, but Peaked at the end Phase of egg Production (P<0.05). However, he heart and gizzard were observed to reach their maximum weight at the 5% egg Production (P<0.05), whereas they were, similar to those of the pre-molt phase for the rest of the production stages. Both intestine and reproductive tracts were found o be significantly smaller at 5% egg Production than at the other stages; however, their sizes increased gradually, reaching leak at the end Phase of e99 Production (P<0.05). Fat contents in breast and thigh muscles decreased significantly to the lowest at the start of the Post-molt stage, but increased to the highest at the end Phase of e99 Production (P<0.05). Thus, he Present study indicated that the molting process reduced body weight by decreasing the weights of abdominal fat and other visceral organs. Molting also influenced the breast and thigh muscle composition by decreasing fat content.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 2002

Effects of dietary taurine on the abdominal fat weight and serum and liver concentrations of cholesterol were investigated with male broiler chicks. One-day old chicks were allocated to one of three taurine supplemented diets: 0 (control), 1 and 2%. Body weight gain of chicks fed the diet supplemented with 2% taurine decreased by 6% compared to the control (P$\prec$0.05). However, feed conversion ratio was not different among treatments. Liver weight and ratio of liver weight to body weight showed no difference among treatments. Abdominal fat weights were lower in 1% and 2% taurine supplementations by 14% and 20%, respectively, than that of the control (P$\prec$0.05). Serum concentrations of triglyceride, glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were not different among treatments. However, serum concentrations of total cholesterol were higher in 1% and 2% taurine supplementations by 10% and 12%, respectively, than that of the control (P$\prec$0.05). Also serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol increased in 1% and 2% taurine supplementations by 20% and 34%, respectively, compared to the control (P$\prec$0.05). Concentrations of total cholesterol in liver decreased in 1% and 2% taurine supplementation by 9% and 13%, compared to the control (P$\prec$0.05). Also concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in liver were lower in 1.0% and 2.0% taurine supplementation by 20% and 38%, respectively, than that of the control (P$\prec$0.05). These results showed that taurine supplementation decreased the fat storage in abdominal cavity and affected on the cholesterol metabolism in liver of broiler chicks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of taurine supplementation on lipid metabolism in laying hens. In experiment 1, 19-wk-old laying hens were given one of four taurine supplemented diets (0 (control), 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% taurine) fur 10 weeks. Abdominal fat weight was lower in the 1.2% diet by 29.2% compared to the control. Serum concentrations of triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol were not different among the treatments. However, seam concentration of total cholesterol was higher by 22.4% in the 1.2% diet compared to the control. Concentration of triacylglycerol or total cholesterol in the liver were decreased by 26.1% or 26.4% and 28.2% or 26.4%, respectively in the 0.8% and 1.2% diets compared to the control. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in liver was also lower by 33.9% in the 1.2% diet compared to the control. In experiment 2, 81-wk-old laying hens were allocated to one of three taurine supplemented diets (0 (control), 1 and 2% taurine) fur 6 weeks. Abdominal fat weight was lower by 25% in 1% taurine supplementation compared to the control. Serum concentrations of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of hens fed with 1% diet were not different from those of control group. However, sew concentrations of triacylglycerol and total cholesterol were lower by 44.0% and 19.8%, respectively in the 2% diet compared to the control. Furthermore, serum concentration of HDL -cholesterol in the 2% diet was higher by 75% compared to the control. Concentrations of triacylglycerol and total cholesterol in the liver in the 2% diet were decreased in the 1% diet by 36.8 and 23%, respectively, but increased by 78.4% and 70%, respectively, compared to the control. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in the liver was not different between the 1% diet and the control, but higher by 62.8% in the 2% diet compared to the control. These results indicated that taurine supplementation decreased the fat storage in abdominal cavity, which was accompanied by the changes in triacylglycerol and cholesterol metabolisms of laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary betaine and protein levels on performance, internal e99 Qualify, blood composition, abdominal fat and liver amino acid concentration in laying hens. A total of 432 ISA-Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to four treatments with six replications for twenty few weeks. Treatments were factorially designed with two levels of crude protein(14.5 and $16.5\%$) and two levels of betaine(0 and 600ppm). The egg production was increased by feeding $16.5\%$ protein-fed group compared to that of $14.5\%$ protein-fed groups(P<0.05), but was different from betaine supplementation. Increasing protein and betaine supplementation to diets improved egg weight, egg mass and fred conversion(P<0.05). Eggshell breaking strength, thickness and Haugh unit were not influenced by either dietary betaine or protein levels. Dietary betaine did not affect serum total protein, albumin and uric acid concentration, whereas uric acid concentration was increased in $16.5\%$ protein-fed groups(P<0.05). The deposition of abdominal fat was lower in 600ppm betaine groups compared to those fed on 0ppm betaine groups(P<0.05). Concentration of the most hepatic amino acids were affected by dietary protein levels and betaine supplementation. There were synergistic effect between dietary protein and betaine. These results suggested that dietary betaine can improve the egg weight, mass, feed conversion and decrease the abdominal fat, but increase the hepatic amino acid contents.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.651-659
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• 2008

This study aimed to develop polyclonal antibodies to regional inedible adipocytes of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) and investigate cross-reactivity of the antibodies. Patterns in plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) from abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of Hanwoo isolated by collagenase digestion were investigated using SDS-PAGE. As antigens, abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte PMPs of Hanwoo were injected to sheep 3 times at 3 wk intervals for passive immunization, and non-immunized serum and antisera were collected before and after the injections. Titers of the antisera obtained from sheep and their cross-reactivities with heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and spleen of Hanwoo were determined by ELISA. Isolation and culture of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of Hanwoo were performed for analysing LDH concentration. Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis, specific proteins of PMPs in abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes appeared despite rather similar patterns between both adipocytes. At the level of 1:1,000 dilution, little antibody reactivity appeared in non-immunized serum whereas the antisera had relatively strong reactivity up to the level of 1:128,000 and 1:64,000 dilution. These findings may indicate that strong antibodies against adipocyte PMPs can be developed using an immunological approach. Extremely low reactivities of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte antisera were detected with PMPs of the organs. Both antisera strongly reacted with each adipocyte PMPs and showed statistically (p<0.01) higher cross-reactivities compared with non-immunized serum. In conclusion, these results may indicate that the present polyclonal antibodies against regional inedible adipocyte PMPs are well developed and have safety in cross-reactivities with body organs. Further studies on in vivo cross-reactivity and fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes PMPs of Hanwoo should be required for inedible fat-reduced high quality beef production.