• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), which is widely used as root-end filling material, with DiaRoot BioAggregate (DB; Innovative BioCaramix Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada), newly developed product, by using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MTA, DB, and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM; Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) were used for root-end filling material while tissue culture plastic was used for control group. Each material was mixed and, the mixtures were left to set for 24 hours. MG63 cells were seeded to each group and then they were cultured for attachment for 4 hours. Following the attachment of cells to the root-end filling material, early cellular response was observed. After another 12 hours'culture, the level of attachment between cells and material was observed and in order to identify the effect of each material to bone formation, transforming growth factor beta1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and osteocalin (OC) were estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. As a result, only at OC and the number of cells which were attached to materials, there was no statistical difference between MTA and DB. At other items, there was statistically significant difference in all groups. Although DB has not shown exactly the same cellular response like that of MTA, the number of attached cells shows that biocompatibility of the material and OC indicates bone formation rate. Therefore, if DB is used for root end filling material, it is expected to lead to similar results to MTA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.534-539
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the inhibitory action and quality-improvement functions of sweetness inhibitor, Na$\pm$2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy) propanoate (Na-PMP) in pound cakes. Na-PMP was first used to evaluate the intensity of sweetness in different concentrations of sucrose and fructose solutions: Na-PMP (250 and 500 ppm) was added to the model solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% sucrose and the equi-sweetness levels of fructose with the sucrose solutions. Both concentrations of Na-PMP significantly modified the sweetness intensity for both model solutions. For practical application of Na-PMP, different levels of sucrose (10, 20, and 30%) were added to the basic recipe (a control) of pound cake preparation. Excessive sweetness due to the addition of high levels of sucrose to the basic recipe was modified by the addition of Na-PMP, which resulted in equi-sweetness as the control (p<0.05). Moreover, Na-PMP improved the texture and shelf-life of the pound cake.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.38-48
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper consistency of root canal sealer needed in obtaining an efficient canal obturation in injection-thermoplasticized low-temperature ($70^{\circ}C$) gutta-percha method. The sealer was made by incorporating zinc oxide powder into $0.5m{\ell}$ of eugenol and then the $0.5m{\ell}$ of mixture slurry was placed between two flat glass plates. The consistency was determined by measuring the degree of spread of the slurry at loading the 120gm of weight from the top plate. The sealer was prepared according to P/L ratio corresponding to the acquired consistency of 65.45mm, 46.80mm, 28.95mm and 22.60mm. The distal roots were obtained by cutting off from 125 extracted human lower molars and the root canals were prepared by using step-back method. The prepared canals were coated with the sealers on their walls and obturated by using the injection-thermoplasticized low-temperature ($70^{\circ}C$) gutta-percha method. All specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 48 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. Calipers was used to measured the dye penetration into the root canals from apical constrictions. The results were as follows : The canals obturated without sealer showed significantly more leakage than the canals obturated with sealer. Within the consistency from 65.45mm to 22.60mm, the sealer of 65.45mm appeared significantly better than that of 28.95mm and 22.60mm in the canals obturated by injection-thermoplasticized gutta-percha method, and better than that of 46.80mm without statistical significance.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 1999

Preservative effects of natural preservatives, citric acid and salt on chopped garlic were investigated. Citric acid was very effective for the repression of bacteria multiplying and browning of chopped garlic in 0.5%~1% concentration. Salt had an effect on the repression of bacteria multiplying and browning color of chopped garlic except for 1% NaCl. Synergy effect between citric acid and NaCl was also very good for the decreasing of bacteria multiplying and the maintaining of Hunter color of chopped garlic. Compounded effect among the GF, CA and ascorbic acid was somewhat proper in the sensory evaluation of chopped garlic. And the sensory evaluation score was best in chopping size 3mm(diameter) of chopped garlic and viscosity 4500cp. of chopped garlic.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.82-90
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• 1999

The buddhistic painting of Song-Kwang temple in Seungjoo-gun, Chonnam, Korea is not known in chronicle, but it could be estimated to works in the early 19th century through it's remaining records and qualities of materials. And it was analysed the qualities of materials consisting of pigment layer, silken-ground layer and support layer in order to preserve buddhistic painting, made back-adherent paper of the support layer proper to it, tested its compatibility, and then concluded as follows. 1. The section structures of buddhistic painting is consisted of the pigment layer, silken-ground layer of silk and the support layer of Korean hand made paper, it could be recognized that buddhistic painting in 19th century was basically composed of the pigment layer, the silken-ground layer and the support layer. Moreover the pigment layer and the silken-ground layer got adhered with glue, and sheets of support layers got back adhered with paste. 2. The support layer of buddhistic painting consisted of 5 layers and two kinds of paper were used for them. The first and second layers were composed of Korean hand made paper made of pure paper mulberry bast fibers, and the rest of them of paper that paper mulberry bast fibers were mixed into recycled hemp fibers. Though it is difficult to assert without the security of more data, finding out the then situation through the qualities of materials, it was presumed that the society in 19th century was suffered from economical difficulties and the operation of the paper industry of temples was rather difficult and so low-qualitative recycled hemp fibers might used for back-adherent paper. 3. Considering tension between silken-ground layers and support layers of this materials, newly made back-adherent paper was used for repair, and then I could conform that it was proper to back-adherent paper for repair.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.337-343
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relation between techniques used for microleakage from dye penetration and for marginal adaptation from SEM evaluation of the restoration. Using high speed #330 bur class V cavities ($4{\times}3{\times}1.5 mm$ around CEJ) were prepared on the buccal surface of 20 extracted human molars. Six dimples as reference points for SEM and dye penetration evaluation were made with 1/2 round bur. Cavity was bulk filled with microhybrid composite resin (Esthet X) and all-in-one adhesive (Xeno III). Teeth were stored in saline solution for one day, after then, they were finished and polished using Sof-Lex system. Fifty percent silver nitrate dye solution was used for the evaluation of microleakage and resin replica was used for marginal adaptation. All of these were done after 1000 times thermocycling between 5 and $55^{\circ}C$. Vertical sections were made through three dimples of restoration to obtain samples for the evaluation of dye penetration and inner marginal adaptation. Outer adaptational estimation was done with an intact restoration before sectioning. Dye penetration was determined in three degrees and percentage of outer and inner leaky margin was estimated from SEM image The data were analysed statistically: Spearman's rho test were used to check relationships between two methods. The result were as follows : 1. There were significant relationships between degree of dye penetration and inner and outer marginal adaptations each (p < 0.01). 2. However, there was no significant relationship between the results or inner and outer marginal adaptation. Within the results of this study, relationship between the percentage of marginal adaptation and microleakage shows significant relationship. However, inner and outer marginal adaptation did not show any significant relationship mutually.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

Culture conditions of L. plantarum TJ-LP-002, the garlic resistant strain isolated from pakimchi (green onion kimchi), were investigated for the use of feed additives. Acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid were detected in the culture supernatant, and especially the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid significantly increased during cultivation. The antimicrobial activity of L. plantarum TJ-LP-002 was not affected by proteases, calatase or cellulase, which showed that the antimicrobial activity might be due to the production of acids rather than proteinaceous antimicrobial substances. L. plantarum TJ-LP-002 was resistant to neomycin sulfate, spectinomycin dihydrochloride, and lincomycin hydrochloride, sensitive to streptomycin sulfate, and intermediate resistant to ampicillin trihydrate, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline hydrochloride, and kanamycin sulfate. The optimum initial pH of medium, fermentation temperature and time for the cell growth and antibacterial activity were pH 7.0, 30${^{\circ}C}$ and 24hr, respectively. The optimal composition of culture medium for the cell growth and antimicrobial activity was 3%(w/v) glucose as a carbon source, 3%(w/v) yeast extract as a nitrogen source, and manganese sulfate and ammonium citrate as inorganic salts. The combinatorial supplementation of these inorganic salts, rather than sole addition as an inorganic salt, resulted in better antibacterial activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.587-593
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of roasted rice bran (RRB) on the rheological properties of bread dough. According to farinograph analysis, the consistency of the control sample was greatest. There were no significant differences in water absorption (p<0.05). Lower values of development time, stability, and time to breakdown, which were affected, by the addition of RRB, were observed for RRB-containing dough samples, compared to the control dough sample. Addition of RRB significantly increased the mixing tolerance index (MTI). According to rheofermentometer analysis, the values of H'm, $T^{\prime}_1$, and retention volume decreased with increase in the amount of RRB added. According to the rapid visco analyzer (RVA) analysis, peak viscosity, holding strength, and setback values were greater in the control than in the RRB-containing samples. The addition of RRB to the flour influenced rheological properties like fermentation volume and acidity. The total acidity increased with the increase in the amount of RRB added. The present study has indicated that there was no significant difference between the rheological properties of the control and 5% RRB-containing dough samples. Therefore, the addition of 5% RRB could be an effective way to produce functional flour bread without affecting its desirable physical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.907-914
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• 1996

To enhance the shelf-life and quality of baechu kimchi, the effects of CSP(crab shell powder) addition to kimchi was investigated. Overall qualities were deteriorated by fish odor, chewiness of particles, sharp pH increase at the early fermentation stage; therefore in order to solve these problems kimchi fermentation was carried out with kimchi containing 1, 3, 5% CSPB for salted baech weight at $10^{\circ}C$ for 300ays. Quality of kimchi was evalutated by the measurement of pH, acidity, colour L, a, and b value, the number of microbe and lactic acid bacteria, texture. Ten highly trained panelists were involved in the sensory evaluation. During the entire fermentation periods, pH, hardness, colour L, a and b value, the number of lactic acid bacteria of kimchi with CSPB were higher than those of control, but acidity was lower. Sensory quality showed that sour taste of control at 15-day fermentation was already strong. However, sour taste, crispness taste, and overall taste of kimchi with CSPB untill 20-day fermentation were good. Especially, overall taste of kimchi containing 3% CSPB at 30-day fermentation was good, but that of kimchi containing 5% showed fish odor from the early periods of fermentation.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.246-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various occlusal loading sites and directions on the stress distribution of the cervical composite resin restorations of maxillary second premolar, using 3 dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. Extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium). The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA). HyperMesh (Altair Engineering. Inc., Troy, USA) and ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems. Inc., Houston, USA) was used to mesh and analyze 3D FE model. Notch shaped cavity was filled with hybrid (Z100, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) or flowable resin (Tetric Flow, Viva dent Ets., FL-9494-Schaan, Liechtenstein) and each restoration was simulated with adhesive layer thickness ($40{\mu}m$). A static load of 200 N was applied on the three points of the buccal incline of the palatal cusp and oriented in $20^{\circ}$ increments, from vertical (long axis of the tooth) to oblique $40^{\circ}$ direction towards the buccal. The maximum principal stresses in the occlusal and cervical cavosurface margin and vertical section of buccal surfaces of notch-shaped class V cavity were analyzed using ANSYS. As the angle of loading direction increased, tensile stress increased. Loading site had little effect on it. Under same loading condition. Tetric Flow showed relatively lower stress than Z100 overall, except both point angles. Loading direction and the elastic modulus of restorative material seem to be important factor on the cervical restoration.