• Air Cleaning Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2015

중국의 급속한 산업화로 대기, 수질, 폐기물 등 환경오염문제가 심화, 고착화되면서 이를 개선하기 위해 중국 정부는 환경규제를 지속적으로 강화하고 있다. 또한 외국인 투자유치로 제조업 육성에 어느 정도 성공을 거둠에 따라 외국인 투자 유치와 제조업 경영활동에 있어 환경 이슈를 매우 중요시하고 있어 신규 및 사업확장에 제동이 걸리고 있다. 중국은 신규법인수 기준으로 우리나라의 최대 해외직접투자국이며, 제조업종에 대한 투자금액이 전체 투자금액의 88.3%를 차지하고 있다. 중국에 진출한 기업들은 중소기업이 전체 진출기업의 약 90%로 중국의 환경규제 강화는 중국에 진출한 우리 중소기업들에게 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 중국 정부는 분야별 환경목표를 강화하고 오염물질배출 업체를 퇴출시키는 등 강력한 조치를 전개하고 있으며, 중앙 정부의 환경목표 강화 기조와 더불어 해당 지역민의 친환경에 대한 요구가 점차 커짐에 따라, 각 지방정부는 환경 관련 지역 목표 달성을 위해 업체 관리감독을 대폭 강화하고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 중국의 환경규제 강화는 진출 기업이나 진출을 준비하는 기업들의 설비투자비나 오염배출비용 부담 증가 등 상당한 리스크로 작용하고 있으며 향후에도 중국의 환경규제 강화 기조는 지속될 것으로 전망된다. 실제 중국에 진출한 기업들은 환경규제를 직접적으로 체감하고 있다. 규제집행의 강도가 눈에 띄게 높아져 엄격한 기준을 적용받고 처벌수위 역시 높아졌으며, 과거 관시를 통해 원만한 해결이 가능했다면 이제는 환경규제에 대해 원칙적이고 보수적인 공무원의 태도로 인해 관시로도 해결이 어려운 경우가 다반사이다. 또한, 주민들도 환경규제에 대한 인식수준이 높아짐에 따라 미미한 사안에도 즉각적인 반응을 보여 민원제기 사례가 빈번히 발생하고 환경안전 기준이 점점 높아짐에 따라 이에 대응하기 위해 환경안전 설비추가, 친환경연료 사용 등 추가적인 비용이 발생하고 있다. 이에 이미 진출한 기업들은 소재지 환경규제의 강화 전망 및 이로 인한 손실정도를 사전에 파악하고 다양한 옵션에서 대응전략을 마련해야 하며, 향후 중국 진출계획을 가지고 있는 기업들은 진출에 앞서 지역별로 차별화된 시장기회와 환경규제 강도 등 현지 실사를 통한 현장중심 리스크 분석을 실시해야 한다. 또한 이미 진출한 기업 및 진출예정 기업 모두 환경규제가 강화되고 있는 중국에서 사업을 하기 위해서는 법규와 기본원칙을 반드시 준수하고 규제가 더 강화될 것 이라는 기조를 인식할 필요가 있다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.6
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• pp.781-788
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• 2001

As changing financial environment and increasing the number of access channel to banking system, new banking system is needed which can be developed financial commodity rapidly, can be deployed easily, and can be maintained easily. Component based development method is believed to meet these demands. In this paper, we propose EJB banking component and explain its system architecture and functionality. And we design and implement approval system on EJB banking component system. To implement approval system, approval conditions are classified and registered. Using registered approval condition, transactions are classified whether approval is needed or not. Approval client for web based client standardization has an advantage of no need to deploy and manage software version.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1998

There are about 1470 stone-cultural properties in Korea which have been registered and protected by the government. Representative of them are pagoda, stupa, stone-buddha, stele support of banner pole and stone-lanterns. Most of them have been exposed to and weathered by natural environments. Stone-cultural properties are destroyed and/or destructed mostly by weathering and its related features of rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct geological studies on the weathering phenomena and related features as well as characteristics of the rock itself must be done for the conservation. Thus geological investigation should include detail measurements, rock varieties and phases, structural lineaments of the rock, cause and degree of weathering, degree and patterns of crack development structural stability, identification of reusable parts for restoration, geomorphological characteristics of the site, and etc. The interaction among these factors must be investigated and analyzed, which must be used as basic data to establish the guideline of conservation and to plan for repair and/or restoration. The conservation plan should involve parts to be repaired, method of repair, type of cementing material, the characteristics of rock phases to be supplemented, method for maintaining structural stability, and method to delay or to prevent the rock weathering.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.419-426
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• 2020

The structural design of the steel eccentrically braced frame (EBF) was developed and analyzed in this study through multiobjective optimization (MOO). For the optimal design, NSGA-II which is one of the genetic algorithms was utilized. The amount of structure and interfloor displacement were selected as the objective functions of the MOO. The constraints include strength ratio and rotation angle of the link, which are required by structural standards and have forms of the penalty function such that the values of the objective functions increase drastically when a condition is violated. The regulations in the code provision for the EBF system are based on the concept of capacity design, that is, only the link members are allowed to yield, whereas the remaining members are intended to withstand the member forces within their elastic ranges. However, although the pareto front obtained from MOO satisfies the regulations in the code provision, the actual nonlinear behavior shows that the plastic deformation is concentrated in the link member of a certain story, resulting in the formation of a soft story, which violates the capacity design concept in the design code. To address this problem, another constraint based on the Eurocode was added to ensure that the maximum values of the shear overstrength factors of all links did not exceed 1.25 times the minimum values. When this constraint was added, it was observed that the resulting pareto front complied with both the design regulations and capacity design concept. Ratios of the link length to beam span ranged from 10% to 14%, which was within the category of shear links. The overall design is dominated by the constraint on the link's overstrength factor ratio. Design characteristics required by the design code, such as interstory drift and member strength ratios, were conservatively compared to the allowable values.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.41
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• pp.71-92
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• 2014

A series of the tragic 16th-century Sahwas sent Toegye into the depths of despair. In the face of the ensuing social disruption in which any criterion or direction is utterly lost, he could not but to reexamine the problem of human nature and good and evil. For Toegye, criterion or direction is connected with Principle, and human nature and the problem of good and evil are related with Mind. In other words, these problems are none other than the question: "As the subject of history and society, how a human being can set principle in a real world and realize it? How one can successfully control his wants and feelings with his rationality?" Toegye proposes that while laws and regulations should be reformed when they are outdated, good laws and regulations are not necessarily to be discarded. He also warns that ideal governance is not likely to be realized if only too conservatives take the lead while radicals, depended upon exclusively, would create too many problems.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.59-72
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• 2008

Computing systems in the modern era are expanding rapidly to include mobile-based businesses that make us of the various convergence distributed business process. This has lead to growing interest in the field of mobile embedded software development methodology, which has in turn lead to the proliferation of the embedded mobility. The use of CBD (Component Based Development) provides reusability, maintainability and portability, all of which are very important and focus issues to the business process. It also comes with the inherent productivity, quality and reliability of CBD. To make efficient use of CBD, though, clarified interface definitions for component integration are necessary. These definitions should be made up of collaborative hierarchical and horizontal architecture layers. Successful definitions should apply an effective framework made up of the architecture and process. In this paper, we describe an interface specification for small grained mobile embedded components(MEC) for the mobile embedded domain to meet maximum user requirements. We build and deploy the reconfigurable design patterns and components (in business domain categories) to make a component hierarchy and business logics for mobile embedded software. Proposed components specification plays a major role in development of the software for handling inconsistency in existing specification. It also includes plenty of specification information, using semantics and modeling based mechanisms to support business processes. We propose a development model of mobile embedded software using CBD for very complex and dynamic mobile business. We can apply it in a plug and play manner to develop the software. We verify that our framework supports very good productivity, quality and maintainability to meet the user's requirements in mobile business.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-94
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• 2004

This research studied the preservation treatment of the papered literature the national treasure 745-9 $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$, discovered in 1995 from the Four Devas of Borimsa Buddhist Temple at Jangheung County, in the viewpoint of the bibliography. The overall features of the $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were of 25.3cm width, 38.9cm height 1.5cm depth, 58 pages and of high-fine yellow-brown colored reef paper. The book was ruined physically in the shape and color. The covers of the book were deeply stained by the permeated rain and some internal pages were changing into brown color by corrosion. The treatment policies were； maintaining the status quo and capable repeated treatment. And the preservation treatment was done in the sequences of 1) 1st cleaning process, 2) repairing and correcting, 3) 2nd cleaning and preservation 4) cutting, binding the book and making the envelope and wood box. The post-preservation features of $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were； total 64 pages and the size being 25.8 cm width 39.4cm of lenght, and 1.9cm of depth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.462-470
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• 2021

To find out the wood species used in national wood structures in the late Joseon Dynasty, 11 volumes of Yeonggeon-Uigwes were reviewed. It was confirmed that the wood was mainly used for the repair and restoration of palaces, shrines, and fortresses. In the 17th to 20th centuries, the wood species specified in Yeonggeon-Uigwes have revealed either hardwood or softwood. As hardwood species, Juglans mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Paulownia coreana, or Quercus spp. (Quercus aliena; Q, variabilis; Q, dentata; Q, acutissima; Q, mongolica; Q, serrata) were used. As softwood species, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were used. Investigation of the wood species is important part because the same species is required as a principle when reparing cultural heritage. In this study, the anatomical images of the wood species were investigated for some samples which were taken from the same species that has been stored in the wood specimen room of the National Institute of Forest Science, instead of the actual wood material used. It was possible to find out the wood species of each member in the wooden cultural heritage buildings by reviewing the Yeonggeon-Uigwes in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the anatomical images of the wood species required for determining the wood species in the repair or restoration of the buildings.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.19
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• pp.99-112
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• 2006

Koreans began to undertake the conservation of their art and architectural artifacts approximately fifty years ago after modern concept of conservation were introduced by japanese during the Japanese Colonial Period(1910-1945). But still the modern concept of conservation is not clear to many Korean conservators because they have been concerned about conservation techniques to recover the original from of the remains be destroyed. Also, Korean conservation practice has neglected the philosophical issues and ethics of conservation. So, in this article, I described various terms referring to 'conservation' which have been used in western countries, Japan, China, and Korea, and compared their similarities and differences to have more clear idea on the modern concept of conservation. In the next chapter, I summarized several theoretical issues which had been discussed among western conservators over the centuries. Specially, I described closely the modern issues and ethics which have been presented in the twentieth century. As many conservation projects in Korea have resulted unsatisfactorily or been suspended altogether, because lacking a coherent theoretical dialogue on conservation and discussing an ethical issues of conservation. Therefore, I believe that more vigorous dialogue on these issues in Korea may lead conservators to consider their tasks in a more productive light, and the Korean artifacts may preserve well.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2011

선로의 레일은 재료적인 특성과 현장의 많은 주변 요소에 의한 불확실성이 매우 높은 시스템으로 결함의 위험이 상존한다. 결함 발생과 조치에 따라 영업손실로 이어지므로 레일 결함 발생과 동시에 적절한 조치가 요구된다. 따라서 레일결함 발생 시 레일교환시기를 파악하는 것이 선로관리비용을 줄일 수 있으며 레일교환에 대한 신속한 판단을 위함 관리기준을 정립하는 것이 요구된다. 현재 국내에서 고속선의 경우 관리 기준이 있으나, 일반철도는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 차후 일반철도 180km/h 속도상승을 계획하고 있는 현 시점에 국외 관리기준을 분석하여 결함관리기준을 정립에 기여하고자 한다. 국내의 경우, 2004. 4. 1 프랑스 기술을 전수받아 개통한 고속선은 프랑스 레일관리기준을 적용한 "레일손상 등급별 관리기준"을 제정하여 레일관리를 시행하고 있다. 국외의 경우, INNOTRACK프로젝트 안에서 관련된 다른 IM(Infrastructure Managers, 사회기반시설 관리자들)에게 최근의 활동과 변화의 이해를 제공하기 위해서, 선택된 결함들의 최소조치들의 조사가 Network Rail, OBB, Prorail, Banverket 그리고 DB에서 수행되고 있으며 UIC 지침에도 포함되고 있다. 모든 최소조치 원칙은 초음파나 육안에 의해 발견된 길이나 초음파 또는 와류탐상기(eddy current system)를 이용한 깊이에 대한 제한(limits)을 준다. 또한 침목과 이음매 또는 용접부에 관한 위치에 관한 결함의 제한이 있다. 명시된 기간은 즉각적일 수도 있으며, 보통 속도 제한이나 비상 죔쇠(Clamps)같은 경감시키는 수단에 적용될 수 있으며, 또는 더 긴 기간이 될 수도 있다. 더 긴 기간들은 수리나 레일 교체를 통하여 선로로부터 결함이 제거되어야 하는 최대의 시간이다. 본 연구에서는 Transverse Breaks, Squats, Head Checks 3가지 결함 유형에 대해 각 국에서 사용하는 최소 조치를 비교하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 유럽에서는 레일결함에 대하여 깊이 있는 연구를 통하여 관리기준을 정하여 관리하고 있으며 이에 따라 상세하고 구체적인 레일 관리가 가능하므로 효율적이며 안전성이 제고되는 것으로 판단된다. 차후 일반철도의 180km/h 속도상승을 계획하고 있는 현 시점에서 국내철도 일반선 여건에 적합한 레일결함관리기준을 정립하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.