• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is focus on investigation of user's spontaneous behavior in the public space of ward where chronic patients are hospitalized. Methods: The notion and necessity of social healing environment is analyzed by literature review. User's location and behaviour are investigated for analyzing behavior by visiting the six wards. Results: The result 1) Stay is main behavior of users. 2) The frequency of stay is high in the place where are planned as the dayroom, the program room and the balcony. 3) In the corridor, the users are staying around court and single side corridor. And the users who are staying in the ward planned middle corridor and double corridor are spreaded all over the corridor. As the result of the analysis of correlation between frequency of user for stay and area of public space, 4) The area of the dayroom, the program room and the balcony is bigger, the frequency of users are higher. 5) There is no correlation between area of corridor and frequency of users. 6) When the density of user is highest in the place for stay, one person occupied $1.96m^2$. Implications: Hereafter the public space, which social healing environment is considered, is planned, this study could suggest the directions of architectural planning about area.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 1997

Mental hospital has been expanding its function to psychiatric treatment in the meaning of therapy. Therefore systematic research on thr mental hospital is urgent. This study aims to prepare the basic data which are needed on planning and designing the mental hospital with emphasis on the wards, which take the largest area ratio and play a principal role to psychiatric patients. The process of study is to 1) to survey facility of Mental hospital in Korea, 2) to analize charactor and behavior of psychiatric patients 3) to suggest element of ideal ward in general hospital.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Purpose: This research was for understanding the attitudinal difference by gender towards emotional design through questionnaire survey with female and male inpatients on environmental characteristics of wards in general hospitals. Methods: The survey was conducted by questioning inpatients at two general hospitals on the importance rating on emotional design elements of patient rooms, lounges, and hallways. Eighty questionnaires were returned and used for data analyses through SPSS windows version 15.0 statistic package program. Results: 1) In general, female patients considered emotional design of wards as more important than male patients and the most outstanding difference was indicated for patient rooms among patient rooms, lounges, and hallways. For patient rooms the comfortability index was rated as the most important to both female and male inpatient groups, and for lounges and hallways the safety index was evaluated as the most important to both gender groups. 2)For lounges, while male patients rated 'prevention of infection' important among safety relating items, women considered 'accident prevention' more important. It is inferred that female patients have more safety needs and anxiety about physical injury or accidents than male ones do. Implications: It is considered that there need to be further succeeding in-depth studies, e.g. research interviews with inpatient;s family members or other caregivers as well as patients themselves.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

This study proposes proportions of functional areas in the ward of general hospitals, which are derived from 5 big university hospitals in order to establish the ward area standard for hospital design. The results of this paper are as follows. First, functional areas of hospital ward are composed of bedroom area, nursing area, training area, service area, and common area. Of course common area can be divided into first common area and secondary common area. The first common area(inter departmental common area) includes lobbies, elevator lobbies, corridors, restroom, and mechanical shafts. The secondary common area means the common area within special department such as ward or radiology department. Second, a standard method of calculating ward areas has been proposed: the standard is based on the center line of the wall between functional areas. Third, the proportions of 6 functional areas in ward are suggested.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

Purpose: This study is to propose direction for healing environment design in hospital architecture considering the characteristics of elderly patients. The primary goal of a public hospital is providing cheap health care and quality service chance to the underprivileged and elderly in the dead zone. Compared to the rapid increase of the aged population and chronic diseases, Ministry of Health & Welfare is currently planning model of health promotion hospital in development plans of local based public hospital. Due to the increased elderly medical expenses, elderly patients' high utilization is considered. Methods: The literature on the design factors of healing environments were investigated. based on this, analyzed drawings of surveyed hospitals ward in architectural characteristics and observe and evaluate directly healing environment design through field surveys. Results: The design of hospital environment affects patient's therapeutic effect. There is no any official formula for hospital design but environment that architect create could be a big part of the healing process. To increase the quality of the environment, apply the characteristic factors and harmonize well as a human-centered healing environment. Implications: Healing environment design for the elderly is first necessary condition due to high proportion of elderly patients.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2005

The conventional corridor space was a functional space simply linking the rooms and facilitating the circulations in a hospital. Today, however, they are no longer the spaces for simple circulation. Now, they are changing into healing spaces. Healing space must have some spatial characteristics helpful to curing the patients, and therefore, such a space should be designed to encourage patients to have diverse experiences and behaviors in terms of psychological stability, rehabilitation and personal communication. With such basic conceptions in mind, this study was aimed at surveying and analyzing patients' behaviors of using the corridor spaces for general hospital wards. To this end, middle corridors and patio-type side corridors for general hospital wards in Korea were sampled. It was found through this study that various healing behaviors shown in the conventional middle corridors were witnessed in the patio-type side corridors. On the other hand, behavioral characteristics of each area were analyzed to determine the factors encouraging patients to be cured, and thereupon, some design points for the corridor spaces of general hospital wards were suggested to help their users quick recovering.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

Purpose: The courtyard in the ward can light and ventilate in the central space and corridor of the ward. It is possible to improve the disadvantages of the existing double-corridor ward. Also, there is the advantage in that patients are able to contact with nature indoors and cause positive activities. So, the purpose of this study is quantitatively analyze the floor area and the average distance of nurse working of the courtyard in ward. Methods: The subjects are converted through the same criteria setting. And it investigate and analyze the influence of the courtyard in the ward through the analysis of the spatial composition. Result: The factors that affected the floor area increase are the planning courtyard, the corridor type and the dispersion of the medical rooms. The average distance of nurse working is more influenced by the nursing management system of the hospital than by the courtyard. So, It can improve according to the position and number of nurse station. Implications: It can be used as a primary data for courtyard plan in the ward for positive patient environment plan considering the floor area, average distance of nurse working.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is to address the spacial composition of a standard ward and bedroom size for sake of infection control and efficient medical service. Methods: Spacial composition of a standard ward has been proposed by comparative analysis of 5 big hospitals' wards. Bedroom sizes have been explored on the ground of Health care facility regulations from Korea, USA, Australia and Canada. Of course, Literature and field survey have been conducted in order to draw out various bedroom sizes. Results: 16 basic and some other additional spaces have been proposed for the composition of hospital standard ward. Area of Single bedroom is $11.6m^2$, and that of multi-beded room is $7.4m^2$. Bed to bed Clearance is 1.5m, spacing between bedsize and hard wall is 0.9m in 1~2 beded room, 0.75m in 4-beded room. Space clearance between Foot side of bed and curtain is proposed as 0.3m and additional 0.9m is necessary for the circulation. Implications: The result of this study can be applied to the new cons.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.67-78
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• 1997

Recently, hospital architecture is in the transition period which faces a great change. Patients' demands on medical services have been changing and hospitals have been feeling the need to innovate their facilities in order to prepare for the upcoming challenges in the field such as global competition, market opening, etc. In addition, every hospitals requires the creative and novel design which is different from the conventional concept to deal with various circumstances. Accordingly, various space arrangements are proposed against the past unified hospital type. This study is designed to consider and evaluate the prospects of hospital architecture by analyzing the space allocation type of representative hospitals which are being recently constructed in Korea.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

The Korean hospitals have been changed a lot from 1970's to 1990's, not only in their space allocation but also in their functions. These changes were affected by the medical development, social atmosphere, increasing population, needs of medical demands, and so on. In this study, we compared net area allocation involve in these affect of hospitals which were built in 1970's, 80's, and 90's, and through this comparison, we analyzed developing tendencies of hospitals. In doing so, we tried to provide basic research data for planning of new hospital buildings.