• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.353-357
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the laboratory-made rice straw pulp tray(RSPT) for mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) pre-packaging. The quality changes of mushrooms packaged respectively in the RSPT and 'commercial' expanded polystyrene tray(EPST) were observed during storage. The weight losses of mushrooms in the two types of trays were maintained below 5% and the Hunter L values were showed above 76 at $4^{\circ}C$, while mushrooms in RSPTs had better lightness than those in EPSTs during storage at $25^{\circ}C$. There were no significant differences in the hardness values and cap openings between mushrooms in the two types of trays at $4^{\circ}C$. The cap openings of mushrooms were more proceeded in RSPTs than in EPSTs at $25^{\circ}C$ and the weight increases of RSPTs were greater than those of EPSTs during storage at $4^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$. As a result, it may be favorable to apply the environmentally-friendly RSPT to mushroom pre-packaging under the condition of low storage temperature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2014

The comparisons between cellulolytic bacteria adhesion on rice straw and fiber digestion in time course during rumen fermentation were studied in situ. The adhesions of cellulolytic bacteria, F. succinogenes. R. albus and R. flavefaciens, were measured by RT-PCR. When the rice straws were incubated at 0. 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours of the in situ rumen, straw was degraded with increasing speed during the incubation and showed the highest disappearance increasing rate (DM g/h) from 8 to 12 hour. The adhesions of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus were achieved above 80% in 1 hour of in situ rumen fermentation and then keep adhesive population up after the time of fermentation. When the in situ samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 30 and 60 min to detect the early stages of adhesion on the rice straws ingested into rumen, the numberous adhesive colony of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus were detected in 5 min. In case of rice straw treated with 0, 2, 4 and 8% NaOH, all of three cellulolytic bacteria showed the increasing trends of adhesion with increasing DM disappearance of rice straw by higher concentration of NaOH at 12 hour of in situ. However, there were showed respectively difference at 24 hour. The present results gave certain evidence that adhesion of cellulolytic bacteria is definitely achieved in early stage of roughage ingestion into rumen, their colony develop the stable communities on roughage in process of rumen fermentation and then fiber degradation is accelerated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1985

Effects of straw mulching on growth of shoot and root of Panax ginseng, soil physical and chemical characteristics were investigated. Straw mulching increased root yield, stem length, leaf area and decreased defoliated plant rate and missing root rate. Percent solid phase and soil hardness decreased, and porosity, percent air phase and percent liquid phase increased under straw mulch. It increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature especially in the rear side of the bed. Available soil phosphorus (very harmfully in some case), exchangeable potassium, organic matter increased while exchangeable calcium decreased and the lowering of pH was retarded under mulch. Straw mulching greatly reduced need population, prevented soil covering on the lower side of leaves and eliminated solings to plants, bed sides and on bed top.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 1983

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of organic matter on the leaching of chemical constituents in paddy soil. Rice plants were cultured in paddy soil to which rice straw and compost were applied and then chemical properties of percolated water were analysed. The results were as follows: In the paddy soil cultured with rice plants, the pH value of soil was higher in the compost plot than in the rice straw plot. The leaching of iron, managanese, calcium, magnesium and phosphate was increased by cultivation of rice plant, but that of potassium, ammonium, and silica was decreased. When rice straw was applied in the paddy soil, the leaching of iron, managanese, phosphate and silica was increased during the growing periods, while that of calcium, magnesium, potassium and ammonium was increased by application of compost.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 1997

The seedling of barley and weed would be generally inhibited by rice straw residues in the field. This experiment was carried out to investigate the allelopathic effects of rice straw and environmental conditions of germination such as osmotic potential, pH on the seedling of barley and water foxtail. The pH did not affect the germination of barley and water foxtail. Osmotic potential to -2.9bar, -0.6bar did not affect the germination of barley and water foxtail, respectively. Rice straw mixed with soil at the concentration of 4%(w/w) reduced the dry weight of shoot and root, and volume of barley root, as compared to the untreated control. Dry weight of water foxtail by rice straw mulching was decreased by 87.1%, 86.2%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.368-371
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• 1983

Energy rich rice straw was subjected to biological processes involving the transformation of added nitrogen. A part of soil ammonium nitrogen was steadily exhausted when energy rich rice straw was decomposed. More vigorous transformation of added nitrogen ocurred during the first 5 days of incubation period than after 10 days of incubation period. Furthermore, transformation of added nitrogen occurred more markedly when more rice straw and less nitrogen were added. Remineralization of immobilized nitrogen did not take place in this experiment with 50 days of incubation.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1998

When rice straw was mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the barley field. This study was carried to indentify the influence of rice straw extract on germination, shoot and root growth of barley and water foxtail, according to extraction rate, temperature, growth stage, variety and soaking time. The inhibition rate of germination, shoot and root length of barley and water foxtail was higest in rice straw extract of $24^{\circ}C$, 5hours, 10%(w/v). Daerimbyeo's extract among 17 rice varieties inhibited growth of barley most, but Anjoongbyeo's was lowest. Among five growth stages, extract at seedling stages inhibited growth of barly and water foxtail most. Among 10 barley varieties, Seaolbori showed the greatest growth inhibition by rice straw extract.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1997

When the rice straw mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the paddy field. If we use these allelopathic effect of decreased weed establishment, we can save labor, and protect environment. Aqueous extract of rice straw were bioassayed using water foxtail seeds to investigate chair effects on the germination and the growth, and to identify allelopathic compounds. The major results obtained were summarized as follows : Aqueous extract was fractioned by solvent, among various fractions, II-3, II-4 fractions inhibited the coleoptile and the radical of water foxtail, by 100%, respectively. There were fumaric acid and 4 unknown organic acids. Seven organic acids including fumaric acid inhibited the growth and germination of water foxtail in $10^{-2}$M solution. One of the most effective allelopathic compounds in rice straw was identified the unknown organic acid, as molecular weight 253, by GC/MS.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Excessive application of nutrient supplement on the upland soil may increase the amount of discharge to surrounding water systems. The chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure compost (CMC), and pig manure compost (PMC) are used as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of red pepper. Rice straws are widely used as a soil covering material in order to reduce weed occurrence, to protect soil moisture, and to supply organic matter in upland soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the furrow covering effect with rice straw on nutrient discharge in upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. The experimental plots of nutrient supplement were consisted of CF, CMC, and PMC and the amount of nutrient application were as recommended amount after soil test for red pepper cultivation. Each nutrient supplement treatment plot has no furrow covering (CFC) as a control and furrow covering with rice straw (FCS), respectively. Furrow covering with rice straw (FCS) of CF treatment and CMC treatment reduced the amount of T-N(total nitrogen) discharge by $1.4kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, compared to control. While the amount of T-P(total phosphorus) discharge of the furrow covering with rice straw of CF, CMC, and PMC increased by $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $0.2kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, compared to control. The phosphorus and nitrogen content of straw were 0.4 % and 0.3 % respectively. In addition, in three week the phosphorus was eluted from the straw which soaked in distilled water. Thus, it was assumed that T-P discharging originated from rice straw which applied as a furrow covering material. The furrow covering with rice straw reduced weed occurrence compared to control. But production of fresh red pepper was not influenced significantly by furrow covering with rice straw. In conclusion, excessive furrow covering with rice straw could induce T-P discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate amount of rice straw as a furrow covering material.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 1984

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of exothermic heat and compost generated from decomposition of organic wastes composts were piled up with various sources of raw materials of rice straw, rice husk, human and animal wastes. The duration of generated exothermic heat during compositing process was longer in mixture piles of rice straw/rice husk ratio of 1:1 compared to rice straw alone. Temperature in compost piles added with phosphate as fused superphosphate fertilizer was rapidly increased at the earlier stage of composting and gradually decreased in 30 days compared to the check. pH of compost showed 5.5 at initial piling, however, its peak appeared 8.8 in 10 days with rapidly increasing temperature of compost and maintained around 8.3 after one month. Compost of mixture of rice straw and chicken droppings maintained temperature ranges of 30 to $65^{\circ}C$ for 39 days, compost of rice straw, rice husk and chicken droppings for 69 days, piles of rice straw, rice husk and hog manure for 56 days, mixture of rice straw, rice husk and cow manure for 66 days and compost of rice straw, rice husk and human wastes for 21 days.