• Title/Summary/Keyword: 변형 연속회분식공정

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The Study of Modified Sequencing Batch Reactor Process for Small Advanced Wastewater Treatment (소규모 고도하수처리를 위한 변형 연속회분식공정에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Woonwoo;Kim, Kyuhyoung
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2008
  • This study was carried out to estimate the performance of modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process by the application of SBR process for small advanced wastewater treatment plant. Organic, nitrogen and phosphorus were able to remove in the unit reactor by SBR process and it would be able to select the suitable operation method. The plant was operated to achieve high performance with influent control, optimum anoxic/oxic condition using intermediate aeration method, and solid (sludge) /liquid (effluent) separation by modified decanter. The optimum operating mode was 3Cycles a day and intermediate input and aeration. Under these conditions, the treatment efficiencies were good with 60% of designed flow rate and low influent quality. When the influent concentrations of BOD and CODMn were 120.4 mg/L and 95.7 mg/L, respectively. The effluent concentrations of BOD and CODMn were 6.8 mg/L and 11.0 mg/L, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of BOD and CODMn were 94.4% and 88.5%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P were 69.6% and 73.6%, respectively when the average T-N and T-P concentrations were 32.2mg/L and 4.65mg/L, respectively. The T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were slightly decreased to 58.8% and 68.5%, respectively in the winter season but its were also stable efficiencies. BOD, T-N and T-P were removed by 90%. 67% and 46% respectively in the first anoxic/oxic condition, in addition to T-P was removed by 70% in the second anoxic/oxic condition. From the results, modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process is suitable for small advanced wastewater treatment.

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Kinetics of Converting Single Chain Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator into Two Chain Plasminogen Activator in Cultivating HEK Cells with Low Serum Containing Medium (저혈청 배지에서 생산된 scu-PA의 tc-PA로의 전환에 관한 연구)

  • 김영남;김현구
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.48-54
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    • 1994
  • A modified amidolytic assay and a fibrin plate method were used to accurately measure the concentration of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) and two-chain urokinase type plasminogen activator (tc-PA) in the spent media. $1.65{\times}10^6$(viable cells/ml) of maximum cell density and 1670(IU/ml) of scu-PA concentration were obtained in 1% serum containing medium. The overall conversion ratio from scu-PA to tc-PA was less than 10%. In the results of batch cultivation in a spinner vessel, $4.43{\times}10^6(total cells/ml)$ of maximum cell density and 1560(IU/ml) of scu-PA concentration was observed. The maximum scu-PA concentration and specific scu-PA Productivity were obtained in 1760(IU/ml) and $3.13{\times}10^{-4}(IU/cell)$, respectively, from perfusion cultivation. The conveysion ratios from batch, fed-batch and perfusion cultivations were less than 12%, which means that about 90% of scu-PA secreted from the cells can be maintained during the cultivations.

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Production of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex-E2 Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody in Fed-batch Culture Systems with High Cell Density Recombinant Escherichia coli (고농도 재조합 대장균의 Fed-batch 배양 시스템을 이용한 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex-E2 특이성 인간 모노클론 항체의 생산)

  • 이미숙;전주미;차상훈;정연호
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.489-496
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    • 2000
  • Several culture systems including batch, two-stage CSTR, semi-fed batch, and two-stage cyclic fed-batch were investigated for the efficient production of the Fab fraction of PDC-E2 specific human monoclonal antibody using high cell density recombinant E. coli. A two-phase batch system and a two-stage continuous system were examined to overcome plasmid instability problems, by separating the growth and the production stages. The cell density and productivity of the two-stage continuous culture was better than that of the two-phase batch fermentation. In the two-stage continuous culture system with DO-stat, the cell growth and the productivity were superior to those of the system without the DO control. Also, almost total plasmid stability was maintained in the two-stage continuous culture system. Modified M9 medium was selected as an optimum feeding medium for the fed-batch process, and the optimum C/N ratio determined to be 2:3. The optimum feeding rate was $0.6g/\ell/hr$ for a constant feeding strategy in semi-fed batch system. When the feeding medium was fed by pulsing, it was observed that more frequent pulsing resulted in improved cell growth. The linear feeding method was the most efficient of the various feeding methods tested. Finally, high cell density culture using a two-stage cyclic fed batch system with pH-stat was tried because the linear feeding method showed limitations in terms of obtaining high cell densities, and a cell density of $54 g/\ell$ was achieved. It was concluded that the two-stage cyclic fed batch system was the most efficient system for high cell density culture of the systems tested. However, productivity improvements were lower than expected due to the extremely high accumulations of acetate, although the low levels of residual glucose were maintained.

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Biological Phosphorus Release and Uptake on Nitrate Loadings in Anoxic Condition of SBR process (SBR 공정의 무산소조건에서 질산염농도에 따른 생물학적 인의 방출 및 흡수 특성)

  • Lee, Hee-Ja;Kim, Kwang-Soo;Cho, Yang-Seok;Kim, I-Tae
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.1164-1168
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    • 2007
  • 질소 및 인 동시제거 공정 중 대표적인 연속회분식반응조(Sequencing Batch reactor: SBR)는 비교적 간편한 운전방법과 저렴한 건설비, 유입수의 부하변동에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 소규모 하수처리에 적합한 공정으로 알려져 있다. 또한 SBR 공정은 기존 활성슬러지 공법에 비해 적은 부지로 많은 양의 폐수를 처리할 수 있고 유입수 수질 및 유량변동에 따라 다양한 운전주기를 변화할 수 있으며, 유기물 제거뿐만 아니라 반응조의 변형에 의해 영양염류의 제거가 가능한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 bench scale SBR 실험을 통하여 질산염의 탈질속도 및 용해성 인의 흡수와 방출속도를 측정하고, SBR 공정의 무산소조건에서 인흡수 및 탈질을 동시에 수행하는 DPB 존재의 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구결과 무산소조건에서 S-P의 방출과 흡수가 동시에 진행되었으며, 무산소조건에서 S-P의 방출속도는 $0.08{\sim}0.94\;kgS-P/kgMLSS{\cdot}d$, 흡수속도는 $0.012{\sim}0.1\;kgS-P/kgMLSS{\cdot}d$를 나타내었다. 무산소조에서 S-P의 방출 및 흡수가 진행되는 동안 탈질과정도 함께 진행되었으며, 각각의 F/M비에서 탈질속도를 측정한 결과 F/M비 $0.44\;kgCOD/kgMLSS{\cdot}d$에서는 최대 $0.16\;kgNO_3^-N/kgMLSS{\cdot}d$의 탈질속도를 나타내었다. S-P이 방출되지 않는 경우와 방출되는 경우의 비탈질속도를 비교한 결과 S-P이 방출되지 않는 경우의 비탈질속도가 S-P이 방출되는 경우의 비탈질속도보다 높았다. 이렇게 S-P이 방출되는 경우의 비탈질속도가 더 낮은 이유는 무산소 조건에서 탈질과 S-P의 방출 및 흡수가 동시에 일어나는 경우 S-P의 방출에 관여하는 미생물과 탈질에 관여하는 미생물간의 경쟁반응 때문으로 판단된다.응답법의 적용이 가능함을 보였고, 이는 보다 복잡한 관망에서의 천이류 해석이 가능함을 시사한다.$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 상주가 8곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기 중엽 경제적 태평과 함께 백자의 수요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백자의 확대와 발전에 걸림돌이 되었다. 둘째, 동기(銅器)의 대체품으로 자기를 만들어 충당해야할 강제성 당위성 상실로 인한 자기수요 감소를 초래하였을 것으로 사료된다. 셋째, 경기도 광주에서 백자관요가 운영되었으므로 지방인 상주지역에도 더 이상 백자를 조달받을 필요가 없이, 일반 지방관아와 서민들의 일상용기 생산으로 전락하여 소규모화 되었을 것이라고 사료된다.장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어 산화물질 해독에 관여하는 다른 유전자

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