• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.501-506
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• 2002

사람은 누구나 잭이나 문서를 읽을 때 중요한 부분에 강조, 해설, 설명을 하기 위해서 표시를 하거나 글을 입력한다. 이와 같이 원본문서에 추가되는 부가 정보를 Annotation이라고 한다[6][7]. Annotation을 이용하면 차후에 원본문서를 재창조하거나 다른 사람이 원본문서를 참조할 경우 과중한 정보의 양을 극복할 수 있으므로[4], 원본문서의 이해도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 따라서, Annotation은 한번 사용하고 그치는 정보가 아닌 재사용할 수 있는 점보임을 의미한다[1,2,3]. 이러한 Annotation 기능을 웹 문서에 적용하게 되면 종이문서에서 얻을 수 있는 장점뿐만 아니라 웹 환경의 특징인 공유[5], 검색[4], 재편집 등의 기능이 가능하다. 이와 관련한 많은 연구가 진행중에 있다. 그러나, 기존의 Annotation 연구는 Anchor 입력된 다수의 Annotation이 무의미한 출력 순서로 제공되고 있으며, 또한 Anchor에 입력된 Annotation의 출력으로 인해 문서 구조가 변경되거나, 가려지는 등의 문제점으로 사용자들이 쉽게 사용 및 이해할 수 있는 Annotation 출력 인터페이스에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 Anchor에 입력된 다수의 Annotation들 간의 의미적 순서를 부여하여 보다 적절한 Annotation에 대한 우선 접근이 가능하도록 계층적인 Annotation 우선처리 기법을 제안하고, Annotation 출력으로 인한 문서 변경 문제를 해결하기 위한 유동적인 Annotation 표현 기법을 제안한다. 또한 Annotation이 문서에 부가된 부가정보의 역할을 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 활용이 가능하도록 XML 표준에 기반한 저장 구조를 지원하며, 원본문서와 분리하여 저장한다.속도를 개선시켰고, 국소적인 변형이 있는 패턴과 특징의 수가 다른 패턴의 경우에도 좋은 인식률을 얻었다.r interferon alfa concentrated solution can be established according to the monograph of EP suggesting the revision of Minimum requirements for biological productss of e-procurement, e-placement, e-payment are also investigated.. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. enteritidis에 대한 키토산의 최소저해농도는 각각 0.1461 mg/mL, 0.2419 mg/mL, 0.0980 mg/mL 및 0.0490 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 2%(v/v) 초산 자체의 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과, B. cereus, L. mosocytogenes, E. eoli에 대해서는 control과 비교시 유의적인 항균효과는 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 S. enteritidis의 경우는 배양시간 4시간까지는 항균활성을 나타내었지만, 8시간 이후부터는 S. enteritidis의 성장이 control 보다 높아져 배양시간 20시간에서는 control 보다 약 2배 이상 균주의 성장을 촉진시켰다.차에 따른 개별화 학습을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 능동적인 참여를 유도하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.향은 패션마케팅의 정의와 적용범위를 축소시킬 수 있는 위험을 내재한 것으로 보여진다. 그런가 하면, 많이 다루어진 주제라 할지라도 개념이나 용어가 통일되지 않고 사용되며 검증되어 통용되는 측정도구의 부재로 인하여 연구결과의 축적이 미비한 상태이다. 따라서, 이에 대한 재고와 새로운 방향

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2019

아피오스(Apios americana Medikus)는 콩과에 속하는 덩굴성 식물로 원산지는 북미대륙 중동부로 알려져 있으며 지하부의 뿌리가 변형된 괴근 부위를 식용으로 하고 있다. 아피오스의 괴근은 건물당 단백질 함량이 16.5%로 감자에 비해 3배 가량 높고 지방산 함량은 4.2~4.6% 범위로 Linoleic acid가 주를 이루고 있다. 또한 감자에 비해 칼슘 함량이 10배 가량 높고 철분함량은 2배 가량 높아 기능성 건강식품으로 유망시되고 있다. 아피오스는 일교차가 큰 준고랭지역에서도 재배가능성이 높지만 최근의 기후변화에 따라 파종기의 저온피해 등으로 안정적인 입모율의 확보가 문제시 되고 있다. 준고랭지 지역에서 아피오스의 파종시기별 출현양상 및 수량성을 구명하기 위해 표고 500m의 허브산채시험장 포장에서 2018년 4월 25일, 5월 9일, 5월 16일, 5월 28일 4회 걸쳐 흑색비닐을 피복한 1줄 재배양식으로 아피오스 괴근을 파종하였다. 파종 후 30일, 50일간의 누적 출현율은 5월 18일 파종이 파종 30일 후 52.5%를 보였으며 같은 기간 동안의 유효적산온도는 $276.9^{\circ}C$ 범위였고, 5월 30일 파종에서 파종 후 30일간의 누적 출현율은 80.4%롤 보였으며 유효적산 온도는 $329.2^{\circ}C$를 나타냈다. 파종시기별 유효적산온도와 누적 출현율 간의 관계를 나타내는 관계식은 $y=0.1155{\times}1.0415$의 지수함수로 표현할 수 있었으며, 준고랭지(남원시 운봉읍)에서 2007~2017년까지의 10년간 평균기온을 기준으로 관계식을 적용한 결과 평년 기준 5월 18일 파종하는 경우 50일간 유효적산온도는 $390.5^{\circ}C$를 보였고 출현율은 55.6%가 기대되었으며 6월 11일에는 $601.5^{\circ}C$의 적산온도로 85.3%의 출현이 예상되었다. 파종시기별 총 괴근수는 5월 30일 파종에서 17.5개/주로 유의하게 적었으며 상품 괴근중 및 상품률도 유의하게 적은 경향이었고, 출현율을 고려한 단위면적당 상품 괴근수량은 5월 18일 파종에서 602.5㎏/10a로 가장 높았고 4월 25일 파종에서 348.6㎏/10a로 가장 낮아 준고랭지 아피오스 재배에서 적정 파종시기는 5월 중순으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

This study was especially conducted to find out the characteristics of the lightweight air-mixed soil (slurry density 10 kN/$m^3$) containing silt related to water. Compression strength, permeability, and capillary height of the lightweight air-mixed soil were studied, and also to support these studies, the structure of that soil was analyzed in detail. Air bubbles of various sizes are inside the lightweight air-mixed soil, and its distribution in a location is almost constant. A numerous tiny pores are inside the air bubbles so that the lightweight air-mixed soil can be saturated with water. Porosity is also estimated through the image analysis. Peak strength of the lightweight air-mixed soil is not dependent on water, but behavior of stress-strain is affected by the water. Permeability is about $4.857{\times}10^{-6}cm/sec$, which is a little bit higher than the clay's permeability. Capillary rise occurs rapidly at the beginning of the test until the lapse of 100 minutes and then its increase rate becomes slow. The capillary rise causes the increase of the density of the lightweight air-mixed soil, and thus it is required to pay attention to this phenomenon during structure design and maintenance of the lightweight air-mixed soil.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

This paper is performed to examine the effect of creep during the primary consolidation and the applicability of the Yin's EVP (Elasto-Visco-Plastic) model. In ordinary consolidation theories using the elastic model, the primary consolidation process can be expressed but the secondary consolidation process cannot. It is due to the viscosity, which can express the secondary consolidation, and is sometimes related to the scale effect (difference of the thickness of clay layer between laboratory sample and field condition) such as hypotheses Type A and Type B shown by Ladd et al. (1977). Usually, the existence of the creep during the primary consolidation has been conformed and the Type B is well acceped. On the other hand, from the large-scaled consolidation tests the intermediate characteristic between Type A and Type B was proposed as Type C by Aboshi (1973). In this study, to clarify the effect of creep on the settlement-time relation during the primary consolidation in detail, Type B consolidation tests were performed using the separate-type consolidation test apparatus for a peat and clay. Then the test results were analyzed by using Yin's EVP Model (Yin and Graham, 1994). In conclusion, followings were obtained. At the end of primary consolidation, the compression for the subspecimens should not be the same because of the difference of the excess pore water pressure dissipation rate. And the average settlement measured by the separate-type consolidometer coincides with the analyzed one using the Yin's EVP model. As for the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure, however, the measured excess pore water pressure dissipates faster compared with the Yin's model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2024

The Rapid Hardening Composite Mat (RHCM) is a product that improves the initial strength development speed of conventional Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats (GCCM). It offers the advantage of quickly securing sufficient strength in railway slopes with insufficient formation level, and provides benefits such as preventing slope erosion and inhibiting vegetation growth. In this study, an analysis of the practical applicability of RHCM in railway settings was conducted through experimentation. The on-site applicability was assessed by categorizing it into fire resistance, durability, and stability, and conducting combustibility test, ground contact pressure test, and daily displacement analyses. In the case of South Korea, where a significant portion of the territory is composed of forested areas, the prevention of slope fires is imperative. To analyze the fire resistance of RHCM, combustibility tests were conducted as an essential measure. Durability was assessed through ground contact pressure tests to analyze the deformation and potential damage of RHCM caused by the inevitable use of small to medium-sized equipment on the construction surface. Furthermore, daily displacement analysis was conducted to evaluate the structural stability by comparing and analyzing the displacement and behavior occurring during the application of RHCM with railway slope maintenance criteria. As a result of the experiments, the RHCM was analyzed to meet the criteria for heat release rate and gas toxicity. Furthermore, the ground contact pressure was observed to be consistently above 50 kPa during the curing period of 4 to 24 hours under all conditions. Additionally, the daily displacement analyzed through field site experiments ranged from -1.7 mm to 1.01 mm, confirming compliance with the criteria.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5A
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

In recent years, there have been numerous explosion-related accidents due to military and terrorist activities. Such incidents caused not only damages to structures but also human casualties, especially in urban areas. To protect structures and save human lives against explosion accidents, better understanding of the explosion effect on structures is needed. In an explosion, the blast overpressure is applied to concrete structures as an impulsive load of extremely short duration with very high pressure and heat. Generally, concrete is known to have a relatively high blast resistance compared to other construction materials. However, information and test results related to the blast experiment of internal and external have been limited due to military and national security reasons. Therefore, in this paper, to evaluate blast effect on reinforced have concrete structure and its protective performance, blast tests are carried out with $1.0m{\times}1.0m{\times}150mm$ reinforce concrete slab structure at the Agency for Defence Development. The standoff blast distance is 1.5 m and the preliminary tests consists with TNT 9 lbs and TNT 35 lbs and the main tests used ANFO 35 lbs. It is the first ever blast experiment for nonmilitary purposes domestically. In this paper, based on the basic experiment procedure and measurement details for acquiring structural behavior data, the blast experimental measurement system and procedure are established details. The procedure of blast experiments are based on the established measurement system which consists of sensor, signal conditioner, DAQ system, software. It can be used as basic research references for related research areas, which include protective design and effective behavior measurements of structure under blast loading.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.953-959
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• 2005

Purpose : The administration of total parenteral nutrition(TPN) has become a standard procedure in the management of nutritionally deprived and critically low birth weight neonates. Sepsis remains the most frequent serious complication during TPN, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of percutaneous central venous catheterization(PCVC) in very low birth weight infants. Methods : A total of 56 very low birth weight infants below 1,500 g during the period from January 1998 to December 2003 were enrolled and their medical records reviewed. Study group(n=32) included the babies who had undergone PCVC and a control group(n=24) included babies who had not undergone PCVC. We compared the study group with the control group for factors such as subject characteristics and catheter-related complications. Results : There was no difference in subject characteristics, such as birth weight, gestational week, respiratory distress syndrome, duration of ventilator therapy, duration from tube to complete oral feeding, days at TPN and its total duration, body weight at discontinuation of TPN and the days taken to reach to 2,000 g. However, the morbidity rate due to patent ductus arterious, chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, osteopenia, cholestasis, and sepsis showed no difference. The study group with infants below 1,000 g showed a higher incidence of sepsis compared to the control group of the same weight group. The study group with infants between 1,000 to 1,500 g showed significantly higher incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage and took longer reach the a body weight of 2,000 g. Conclusion : Considering the high incidence of sepsis in the PCVC group, every attempt should be made to minimize the length of TPN therapy and encourage early enteral feeding. We also recommend the use of PCVC carefully in patients requiring prolonged nutritional support.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.517-528
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• 2007

Domestic or international existing researches regarding rail damage factors are focused on laying, vehicle conditions, driving speed and driving habits and overlook characteristics of track structure (elasticity, maintenance etc). Also in ballast track, as there is no special lateral spring stiffness of track also called as ballast lateral resistance in concrete track, generally, existing study shows concrete track has 2 time shorter life cycle for rail replacement than ballast track due to abrasion. As a result of domestic concrete track design and operation performance review, concrete track elasticity is lower than track elasticity of ballast track resulting higher damage on rail and tracks. Generally, concrete track has advantage in track elasticity adjustment than ballast track and in case of Europe, in concrete track design, it is recommended to have same or higher performance range of vertical elastic stiffness of ballast track but domestically or internationally review on lateral spring stiffness of track is very minimal. Therefore, through analysis of service line track on site measurement and analysis on performance of maintenance, in this research, dynamic characteristic behaviors of commonly used ballast and concrete track are studied to infer elasticity of service line track and experimentally prove effects of track lateral spring stiffness that influence curved rail damage as well as correlation between track elasticity by track system and rail damage to propose importance of appropriate elastic stiffness level for concrete and ballast track.