• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.398-404
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• 2010

Purpose: Concerns had been voiced about an oversupply of optometrists in Korea. So, this study aimed to forecast the supply and demand for opticians for policy implications. Methods: Baseline Projection model combined with demographic method was adopted as the supply forecasting method and so was a ratio method using the number of physician and population using weight of healthcare utilization. Results: Under the 'physician to optician ratio', there would be a surplus of 83~700 opticians in 2010 and an undersupply of 15 to surplus of 6,118 opticians in 2025. Under the 'population to optician ratio', there would be a surplus of 1,055 opticians in 2010 and surplus of 9,376 opticians in 2025. Conclusions: We concluded that there would be oversupply for opticians until 2025, although the shortage and surplus of opticians might depend on the ratio's criteria. Hence, policies would need to be developed that could solve the imbalance in requirements and supply for opticians.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2001

The characteristics of SST variability in the East Sea are analyzed using NOAA/AVHRR weekly SST data with about $0.18^{\circ}{\times}0.18^{\circ}$ resolution ($1981{\sim}2000$) and reconstructed historical monthly SST data with $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$ resolution $(1950{\sim}1998)$. The distinct feature of wintertime SST is high variability in the western and eastern parts of $38^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ latitudinal band, which are the northern boundary of warm current in the East Sea during winter. However, summertime SST exhibits variability with similar magnitude in the entire region of the East Sea. The analysis of remote correlation also shows that SST in the East Sea is closely correlated with that in the region of Kuroshio in winter, but in summer is related with that in the western and eastern regions of the same latitudes. From these results it is postulated that the SST variability in the East Sea may be related with the variations of East Korean Warm Current and Tsushima Warm Current in winter, but in summer probably with the variations of atmospheric components. In the analysis of ENSO related SST anomaly, a significant negative correlation between SST anomalies in the East Sea and SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific is found in the months of August-October (ASO). The SST in the ASO period shows more significant cooling in E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ events than warming in La $Ni\~{n}a$ events. Also, the regional analysis shows by the Student's t-test that the negative SST anomalies in the E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ events are more significant in the southwestern part of the East Sea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.2184-2188
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• 2008

최근 도시의 발달은 하상공간에 대한 이용도를 높이는 방향으로 개발이 진행되어가는 추세이며, 하상도로 및 하상주차장의 이용은 이제 도시 내에서 이용 가능한 마지막 여유 공간으로 인식될 정도로 그 의존도가 높아져가고 있다. 그러나 하상공간의 활용도가 높아져갈 수록 도시홍수의 발생으로 인한 대피문제가 발생하게 되고 돌발홍수로 인하여 하상도로의 차단 혹은 하상 주차장에 주차된 차량의 소거가 늦어지는 경우 고스란히 피해를 보게 되는 등 그 부작용도 계속 증가되고 있다. 도시홍수의 특성을 살펴보면 국지성 돌발 강우에 의한 유량의 급격한 증가와 짧은 유하시간, 작은 유역면적 등에 의하여 주요 예보지점까지의 도달시간이 매우 짧아 수문학적 홍수예측 모형을 이용하여 홍수예측 업무를 수행하는데 선행시간을 충분히 확보할 수 없다는 단점을 지니고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 기존의 하천시스템에 대한 모의모형을 통하여 홍수 예경보를 발령하기에는 선행시간의 확보(대피시간의 확보)라는 측면에서 상당한 어려움을 지닐 수 있으므로 시시각각으로 측정되는 실시간 수위측정 자료 및 실시간 강우자료를 이용하여 모형의 수행과정을 생략하고, 하천의 수위변동을 직접 예측하여 대피할 수 있는 통계학적 모형 (회귀분석 기법) 기반의 수문모형을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 각 관측 자료로부터 대상 지점(홍수 예보지점)의 수위를 간단한 입력 자료만으로도 직접 구할 수 있는 통계학적 기법을 활용하여 홍수예보 업무를 실시할 수 있도록 하였다. 이에 따라 강우강도 등의 강우정보, 하천 수위정보 등을 이용하여 간단한 홍수예보가 가능한 규칙을 제시하였고, 홍수예보 업무에 신속하게 대응할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하기 위하여 Visual Basic 6.0을 사용한 GUI 기반의 홍수예측 수문모형을 구성하였으며, 제어변수(control variable)로는 강우 관측자료, 수위 등 유출관측 자료로 구분하여 수문모형을 구성함으로써 실무자들이 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 홍수 예경보 시스템의 기본모형을 제시하였다.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.377-388
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 여성복지정책 개념이 갖는 지향성에 따라 노무현 정부 여성복지정책과 김대중 정부 여성복지정책을 비교함으로써 노무현 정부 여성복지정책의 성격 규명을 시도하였다. 부녀복지정책에서 여성복지정책으로 개념이 진일보한 1990년대 이후 여성복지정책은 일반 여성을 대상으로 한 정책이라는 막연한 이미지 전달을 시도하였다. 그러나 이같은 여성복지정책 개념은 여성복지정책이 추구하는 사회적 기능의 회복, 인간다운 삶 등이 무엇을 의미하는지 추상적인 나열을 하는 데 그침으로써 성차별 문제를 희석시키는 한계를 보인다. 따라서 김대중 정부 이후 대중적 차원에서 자리매김을 확고히해 가고 있는 여성복지정책의 성격이 좁은 의미에서 복지 문제와 넓은 의미에서 성차별 문제 중 어느쪽에 비중을 두면서 변화해 가고 있는지 혹은 변화해 가야 하는지 등에 대만 분석과 전망을 제대로 제시할 수 없는 제한점을 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사회복지정책의 한 영역으로서 '여성복지'를 보는 여성복지정책과 '여성정책'의 한 영역으로서 '여성복지'를 보는 여성복지정책의 차원에서 김대중 정부와 노무현 정부 여성복지정책에 대한 논의를 전개하였다. 김대중 정부 출범 이후 여성복지정책의 변화 양상은 어떠한가? 여성복지정책과 여성복지정책 중 어떤 차원으로의 변화가 두드러진다고 볼 수 있나? 김대중 정부 여성복지정책 기조가 노무현 정부에서 계승되는 양상은 어떠한가? 노무현 정부 여성복지정책 기조는 여성복지정책과 여성복지정책 중 어느 것이 될 것인가? 김대중 정부 출범 이후 사회보험을 중심으로 일어난 변화는 여성복지정책이 전통적인 부녀복지정책 개념에서 탈피하는 양상을 잘 보여주고 있다고 알 수 있다. 또한 여성의 소득 수준 향상 등 여성복지정책적 측면에서 변화를 관찰할 수 있다. 그러나 여성복지정책적 성격을 드러낼 만큼 여성복지정책이 성차별 문제 해소에 중점을 두었다고 보기는 어렵다. 게다가 공공부조에서는 성차별 문제나 복지 문제 중 어느 것에 초점을 둔 정책 방향의 일관성을 발견하기 힘들다. 대통령 공약 사항을 중심으로 살펴본 노무현 정부 여성복지정책은 사회보험 대상자 확대라는 측면에서 여성복지정책적 차원의 단초를 보이고 있으니, 정색 기조는 김대중 정부의 여성복지정책 흐름을 계승하고 있다. 그러나 노무현 정부 출범 이후 관찰할 수 있는 정색 환경의 변화로서 여성부 기능 강화와 급격한 인구학적 변동을 고려할 때 정책 추진 주체 변화를 전제로 한 여성복지정책 강화를 예측해 볼 수 있다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.419-426
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• 2000

Generally diode rectifier has been used as Preregulator of arc- welding machine. Its defect is the generation of high current harmonics which result In utility pollution. In this parer, using the three-phase PWM converter, the input performance of arc-welding machine is improved by increasing the input power factor. When the diode rectifier in the arc-welding machine is replaced with three-phase PWM converter, PWM converter should control DC voltage of the output side. If PI controller is used for the output DC voltage regulator, the output DC voltage has high ripple voltage due to the instantaneous load variation in the arc-welding machine. In this paper, the feedforward compensator has been introduced to reduce the DC voltage ripple. It lessens the influence of load current which is the disturbance of the output DC voltage regulator. Theoretical prediction of this analysis has been verified by comparing with experimental data

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.256-260
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• 2004

As a large portion of defence budget are alloted for military facility construction, reasonable budget estimation in the planning stage has been officers' main concerns. However the proper estimation of construction cost is difficult to be carried out due to the absence of systematic criteria. To improve the budget estimation for military facility construction, this study proposes a cost index model which can convert historical cost to current cost. Thus the developed cost index would enhance effectiveness of budget estimation process 3nd support reasonable decision making. This cost index model is developed by analyzing historical cost data with statistical methodology The study is executed by following process. First, factors which affect construction cost for the most are selected by analyzing historical cost data. second, the selected factors are categorized material cost, labor cost and equipment cost, and weights of those factors are calculated by dividing the cost of each factor by total item costs. Last, cost index is developed by using weighted average method.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 1992

This paper examined interactions between stock price and key macroeconomic variables over the period of 1975-1992. It has been found that more than 60% of real stock price changes can be well explained by movements in key macroeconomic variables, particularly in net exports and industrial production. On the other hand, real stock price changes were found to have a significant explanatory power for plant and equipment investments for the sample period of 1975-1985 during which the stock market was stable. In contrast, no significant linkage between stock price changes and investments emerged over the subsample period of 1986-92 despite the sharp expansion of the stock market in terms of trade volume. Based on such findings, two major policy implications were derived; (i) the government's intervention in the stock market to stabilize stock prices would be ineffective unless the stable economic growth supports the market fundamental, and (ii) the stock price stability is a precondition for the stock market to play a key role in mobilizing resources to finance the firm's long-term capital.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2009

The modification of digital maps because of creation, extinction, and change of topology can be expressed by change of information. But according to complication of society, topology of digital maps and relation with another objects is more complicated. We carry out partial update using as-built drawings to reflect in digital maps efficiently with maintaining accuracy and update. This supplement a weak point of partial update without field surveying. But unlike creation and extinction of file with information or of entire database, when each object is changed, added problem will come like change of raw data and of updating date. So it is necessary that history data about creation, change and extinction of spatial data and attribute data have to be chosen and managed. In this study, we analyze operations of updating system of digital map using as-built drawings, and suggest the history database system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 1987

The correlation between tintinnid and dinoflagellate by means of seasonal variation of standing crops was investigated at two selected stations in Masan Bay, well-known as a red tide zone in southern coastal waters of Korea, during the period from January 1981 to December 1982. The most dominant dinoflagellates mainly belonged to $20-60\;{\mu}m$ of size class, and Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum were predominant from spring to summer season. Of tintinnid, Favella spp. were most dominant and associated with dinoflagellate blooms at the same season. Especially, Favella spp. were most positively correlated with $40-60\;{\mu}m$ size class of dinoflagellate, and also represented higher multiple corrleation with outer station (St.2), comprising relatively large species of Gymonodinium and Protogonyaulax, than with inner station (St. 1), dominated by Prorocentrum blooms. Thus, the interspecific food selection by size and morphology between tintinnid including Favella and dinoflagellate is recognized and it is considered to be an important factor influenecing on the prey-predator relationship in lower trophic level in the surveyed area.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4 s.109
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• pp.455-461
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• 2004

Effects of the different strengths and intervals of the periodic outer water intrusions (kyuchos and bottom intrusions) on the dynamics of phytoplankton biomass in a small embayment were examined with a simple numerical model. Environmental conditions of Kitanada Bay in the Bungo Channel were applied to the model. As the interval of the intrusion became longer and the amplitude became smaller, phytoplankton biomass In the bay became higher. On the other hand, as the interval became shorter and the amplitude became larger, the growth rate of the phytoplankton became higher. It suggested that when the intrusion was weaker, water exchange of the bay decreased and the phytoplankton in the bay accumulated at a high density, When water exchange was improved by active intrusions, availability of light would become more efficient and the growth rate of the phytoplankton was enhanced.