• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-213
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 국내 주식시장에서 주식수익률의 횡단면 차이에 유의적인 설명력을 가지는 것으로 나타난 기본적 변수가 시장지수 베타에서는 측정되지 않은 또 다른 가격화된 위험에 대해 유용한 대용변수인지를 규명하였다. 기본적 변수들 중에서 기업규모와 장부/시장가치 비율은 주식수익률의 횡단면 차이를 설명함에 있어 독립적인 효과를 갖는 가장 유의적인 변수였다. 주식수익률의 횡단면 차이에 매우 유의적인 설명력을 가지는 깃으로 나타난 거시경제요인의 요인민감도는 기업규모, 장부/시장가치 비율을 포함시 더 이상 유의적인 설명력을 가지지 못하였다. 소규모, 높은 장부/시장가치 기업은 매우 지속적인 수익성 악화를 겪고 있는 곤경기업이며, 역시 배당감소위험, 레버리지위험 및 미래 현금흐름의 불확실성으로 측정된 기업특성적 위험이 보다 큰 곤경기업이었다. 따라서 이러한 실증결과는 소규모, 높은 장부/시장가치 주식이 대규모, 낮은 장부/시장가치 주식에 비해 높은 수익률을 보이는 원인이 보다 높은 위험에 따른 보상의 결과이며, 규모변수와 장부/시장 가치 비율은 이들 위험에 대한 유용한 대용치라는 '위험에 기초한 가설'을 지지하는 증거로 주장될 수 있다. 기업규모와 장부/시장가치 비율이 시장베타로는 측정되지 않는 주식가격결정에 있어 가격화 된 또 다른 위험을 대리한다면 수익률에 나타난 SIZE, B/M효과는 합리적 가격결정하 APT나 ICAPM과 같은 확장된 CAPM과 모순되지 않는 하나의 증거로 볼 수 있으며, 비록 이들 변수들이 관찰 불가능한 진정한 시장베타에 대한 보다 나은 대용치라고 할지라도 이들 두 변수와 관련된 요인을 포함한 다요인 가격결정모델이 시장지수만을 포함한 단일요인모델에 비해 보다 유용한 모형임을 기대할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.195-196
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• 2000

양어사료에 기능성 천연물질의 이용과 관련하여, 구기자, 인삼, 오미자 등의 열수 추출물들을 첨가하여 어류의 성장과 질병예방에 대한 효과 (김, 1999) 그리고 게껍질에서 추출한 키토산의 사료첨가효과(이 등, 2000)등이 보고되고 있다. 제주의 감귤은 각종 유기산, 비타민, 베타카로틴, 플라보노이드 등의 기능성이 높은 영양물질을 함유하고 있다(조, 1998). (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.318-322
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• 2016

The prototypes, Rto-x+$Ca(NO_3)_2$, K-Ca, and Rto-$x{\beta}$, which were extracted from spent mushroom substrate of Hericium erinaceus, strongly inhibited the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum. The control efficacies of tomato bacterial wilt by treatment with Rto-x+$Ca(NO_3)_2$, K-Ca, and Rto-$x{\beta}$ were 87.4~92.4%, 46.0~100%, and 65.0~91.9%, respectively. These results indicate that Rto-x+$Ca(NO_3)_2$, K-Ca, and Rto-$x{\beta}$ have a potential as eco-friendly antibacterial materials for the control of tomato bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

The epidermis which is stratified by epithelial tissue renewal based on keratinocyte differentiation protects the organism from various environmental insults by forming a physical barrier. Autophagy is a mechanism which mediates lysosomal delivery and degradation of protein aggregates, damaged organelles and intracellular microorganisms. Recent reports have shown that autophagy has critical roles for proper terminal differentiation to stratum corneum via removing metabolic organelles and nuclei. However, whether increasing autophagy can activate epidermal differentiation is unknown. Here, we screened a library of natural single compounds and discovered that betaine specifically increased the LC3 positive cytosolic punctate vesicles and LC3-I to LC3-II conversion in HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line, indicating increased autophagy flux. mTOR pathway, which negatively regulates autophagy, was not affected by betaine treatment, suggesting betaine-induced autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. Betaine-induced autophagy was also observed in primary human keratinocyte and skin equivalent. Furthermore, epidermal thickness was increased in skin equivalent under betaine treatment. Overall, our finding suggests that betaine as a novel regulator of autophagy may induce epidermal turnover and improve the skin barrier abnormality of the aged epidermis.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2008

This study is to find training effect on EEG(Electroencephalography) and EMG(electromyogram) evoked by repetitive movement of a hand. Five university students participated in this study and were asked to perform repetitive movement of right hand for 5 seconds with rest for 10 seconds. They repeated the movement for 48 minutes and for 5 days. EEG and EMG were measured according to every movement. Coherence between EEG and EMG and power spectrum of EEG were analyzed and were tried to observe their changes within a day and between days of the repetitive movement. Training effect according the time of the movement was significantly found in mu and beta frequencies in EEG. However, training effect was not significant between the days of the movement and also, not in coherence between EEG and EMG.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

This study investigates the effect of ${\beta}$-glucans on the growth of Caenorhabditis elegans. Comparison was made among lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ${\beta}$-glucans extracted from Phellinus baumii, in the presence of peptidoglycans which is available as the major carbon source from OP50, a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. When the three sources of carbohydrate were added singularly or in mixture to the culture media, a significant level of variation was observed with respect to fecundity. Addition of ${\beta}$-glucans appeared to increase the fecundity. When ${\beta}$-glucans was reinforced in the culture media, the fecundity increased at least 20 percent compared to the OP50-only media which exclusively contains peptidoglycans. In terms of life span, C. elegans showed a modest reduction when treated especially with ${\beta}$-glucans. C. elegans accumulated less fat in the ${\beta}$-glucans containing media different from the OP50 media. Based on the Sudan black staining, fat deposition significantly decreased corresponding to the ${\beta}$-glucans content in the media. On LPS-supplemented media, no difference was observed in fat deposition compared to the normal OP50 media. At the level of motility, ${\beta}$-glucans-treated worms moved more distance as well as LPS-treated worm. They also showed a comparable degree of motility under similar treatment with each source of carbohydrate. In conclusion, LPS and ${\beta}$-glucans, extracted from P. baumii, may not entirely replace the food required for C. elegans; however, it might be utilized as valuable alternative food source which C. elegans use as forms of carbohydrates in stead of peptidoglycan of OP50.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

The osmotic pressure is a one of the most important factor affecting stabilization of multiple emulsion in a law hours after experiment. To understand and decrease osmotic pressure between Wl phase and W2 phase, a kinds of humectants were introduced in outer water phase. As a result, Betaine and Glucose had an excellent effect reducing osmotic pressure and NaCl made W/O/W emulsion more stable than MgSO4 did when introduced in inner water phase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

Purpose: Lycopene, a carotenoid with anti-oxidant properties, occurs naturally in tomatoes and pink grapefruit. Although the beneficial effects of lycopene on various disorders have been established, little attention has been paid to the possible anti-diabetic effects of lycopene focusing on ${\beta}$-cells. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of lycopene to protect ${\beta}$-cells against apoptosis induced by a cytokine mixture. Methods: For toxicity experiments, the cells were treated with 0.1 ~ 10 nM of lycopene, and the cell viability in INS-1 cells (a rat ${\beta}$-cell line) was measured using a MTT assay. To induce cytokine toxicity, the cells were treated with a cytokine mixture (20 ng/mL of $TNF{\alpha}$ + 20 ng/mL of IL-$1{\beta}$) for 24 h, and the effects of lycopene (0.1 nM) on the cytokine toxicity were measured using the MTT assay. The expression levels of the apoptotic proteins were analyzed by Western blotting, and the level of intracellular reactive oxidative stress (ROS) was monitored using a DCFDA fluorescent probe. The intracellular ATP levels were determined using a luminescence kit, and mRNA expression of the genes coding for anti-oxidative stress response and mitochondrial function were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Results: Exposure of INS-1 cells to 0.1 nM of lycopene increased the cell viability significantly, and protected the cells from cytokine-induced death. Lycopene upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and reduced the expression of the Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) protein. Lycopene inhibited apoptotic signaling via a reduction of the ROS, and this effect correlated with the upregulation of anti-oxidative stress response genes, such as GCLC, NQO1, and HO-1. Lycopene increased the mRNA expression of mitochondrial function-related genes and increased the cellular ATP level. Conclusion: These results suggest that lycopene reduces the level of oxidative stress and improves the mitochondrial function, contributing to the prevention of cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. Therefore, lycopene could potentially serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2014

Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. are associated with considerable diseases of both humans and animals. In addition, these microorganisms cause the economic loss in animal farming and food industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of a commercial disinfectant, composed to povidone-iodine was evaluated against S. typhimurium and B. ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. The disinfectant and test bacteria were diluted with hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On HW condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against S. typhimurium and B. ovis was 400 and 150 fold dilutions, respectively. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant was 5 and 20 fold dilutions against S. typhimurium and B. ovis, respectively. As the disinfectant composed to povidine-iodine possesses bactericidal efficacy against animal pathogenic bacteria such as S. typhimurium and B. ovis, the disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

High-frequency is sound produced in non-audible area, which couldn't be heard in daily life. The frequency range above 22Khz is called 'high-frequency' and its components are called 'HFC(High-Frequency Components)'. It is known that ocean wave sound is rich in HFC, because it brings serenity and causes ${\alpha}$-waves in human mind. When this natural sound is combined with high-frequency, it seems to give a pleasurable feeling, indicated by an ${\alpha}$-wave increase and a ${\beta}$-wave decrease. We call this phenomena "the hypersonic effects". In this experiment, subjects listened to the ocean wave sound simultaneously with corresponding frequencies similar to ocean wave frequency components created artificially in a electric circuit. Brain waves were measured by an EEG system with 8 channels using 8 electrodes on Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, O1, and O2. The results showed that ${\alpha}$-wave increase and ${\beta}$-wave decrease were statistically significant while subjects were listening to the ocean wave sound along with the high frequency components, reflecting the hypersonic effect.