• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2013

In this work, charcoal making characteristics of Quercus phyllyaeoides (which has been known as one of best raw materials for charcoals) was investigated. Charcoal from Quercus phyllyaeoides had more than 85% of fixed carbon, which is 5~25% higher fixed carbon content than other charcoals. Also specific gravity of this charcoal was more than 1.0, which is quite higher than other black charcoals (average of commercial products: 0.52) or white charcoals (average of commercial products: 0.73). Methylene blue adsorption, pH, and adsorption of water vapour was lower than other commercial charcoals. Carolic value of this charcoal was similar to other commercial products. Far infrared ray's emission from this charcoal was higher than others. Application of charcoal from Quercus phyllyaeoides should be consider the characteristics of this product.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2002

A comparative study on the structure of wood and charcoals was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Four species as Quercus variabilis $B_LUME$, Quercus mongozica $F_ISCH$ , Fraxinus rhynchcphylla $H_ANCE$ and Prunus sargentii $R_EHDER$ were used for this experiment. Cell dimensions of charcoals showed more higher shrinkage than those of wood. Shape of vessels was slightly changed due to become smaller in tangential diameter. Therefore, it was considered that the decrease of charcoal yield was caused by decrease of cell dimensions as well as loss of wood components.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.480-489
• /
• 2010

We investigated the functional characteristics of commercial wood charcoal in Korea and their application as functional raw materials. The areas of analysis were anatomical features, elementary composition, mineral composition, caloric values, anion and far-infrared ray emission, and moisture absorption capacity. Based on the analyses as above mentioned, it is considered that charcoal can be evaluated as functional raw material. In commercial wood charcoal in Korea, there were highly varied depending on manufacturing methods as black charcoal, white charcoal and mechanical charcoal and manufactures for elementary composition, mineral composition, anion emission, far infrared ray emission. Especially, black charcoal showed lower moisture absorption capacity than white charcoal and mechanical charcoal. For charcoal as functional raw material, selective usage are needed based on the analyses of anatomical features, elementary composition, mineral composition, caloric values, anion and far-infrared ray emission, and moisture absorption capacity. Specific charcoal making methods for improving specific functionality, required as functional raw material, are necessary in further research.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2006

Recently, wood-framed houses has been built in the Korea for pension. Wood is good material for human healthy, while the construction lumbers are treated with preservative such as CCA (chromated copper arsenate), which contain some toxic elements for human body. However, if the waste woody biomass treated with various heavy metals, which has been collected from house construction or demolition, was fired in the field, and incinerated or landfilled after mass collection, such components will result in the toxic air pollutants in the burning or land fills, and spreaded into other areas. So the careful selection of wood and chemicals are required in advance for house construction, in particular, for environment-friendly housings. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the content of toxic heavy metals in woody materials such as domestic hinoki and imported hemlock treated with CCA for housing materials, and the post-treated wood components such as organic fertilizer, sludge, dry-distilled charcoal and carbonized charcoal, to be returned finally into soil. The results are as follows. 1) The chemical analysis of toxic trace elements in various solid biomass required accurate control and management of laboratory environment, and reagents and water used, because of the error of data due to various foreign substances added in various processing and transporting steps. So a systematic analyzers was necessary to monitor the toxic pollutants of construction materials. 2) In particular, the biomass treated with industrial biological or thermal conditions such as sludge or charcoals was not fully dissolvable after third addition of $HNO_3$ and HF. 3) The natural woody materials such as organic fertilizer, sludge. and charcoals without any treatment of preservatives or heavy metal components were nontoxic in landfill because of the standard of organic fertilizers, even after thermal or biological treatments. 4) The CC A-treated wood for making the construction wood durable should not be landfilled, because of its higher contents of toxic metals than the criterion of organic fertilizer for agriculture or of natural environment. So the demolished waste should be treated separately from municipal wastes.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2012

In this study, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from green tea, 3 kinds of charcoals and wood fiber for developing interior materials to reinforce the strength performances and the functionalities in addition to performances of the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea and wood fiber. The effects for the kind and the component ratio of raw materials on dynamic MOE (modulus of elasticity) were investigated, and static bending strength performances were nondestructively estimated. Dynamic MOEs were highest in the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea, fine charcoal and wood fiber on the whole. However, the difference caused by the kind of charcoals was small. These values decreased with increasing component ratios of green tea and charcoals. The hybrid composite boards using $E_1$ grade urea resin had the higher values than those using $E_0$ grade urea resin, however the difference between them markedly decreased than that of hybrid composite board composed of green tea and wood fiber, and it was found that these values were markedly improved than those of the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea and wood fiber. There were mostly high correlations with significance at 1% level between dynamic MOEs and static bending strength performances, and this means that the static bending strength performances can be estimated from dynamic MOE.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.406-417
• /
• 2012

In this study, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from green tea, three kinds of charcoals and wood fiber for developing interior materials to reinforce the functionalities such as the deodorization and the absorbability on the green tea-wood fiber hybrid boards in the previous researches. The effects of kind of raw materials and the component ratio of raw materials on dimensional stability, deodorization and emission of formaldehyde were investigated. Thickness swelling of the hybrid composite boards increased with increasing of component ratio of green tea and charcoals, but the values were markedly lower than that of Korean standard (KS) for commercial medium density fiber board (MDF), except for hybrid composite boards composed of greed tea, activated charcoal and wood fiber. Reduction rate of ammonia gas for the hybrid composite boards composed of green tea, activated charcoal and wood fiber showed a high value of 96% after 30 minute from the beginning of the test, and the other hybrid boards also showed a high value of about 95% after one hour. Emission amount of formaldehyde was similar to that of $E_0$ grade in case of using $E_1$ grade urea resin, and was similar to that of super $E_0$ grade in case of using $E_0$ grade urea resin.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2007

To investigate the pyrolytic and anatomical characteristics of Korean softwood, Pinus densi-flora, Pinus rigida and Larix leptolepis, and hardwood, Acer palntatum, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Quercus variabilis, chemical components analysis, TG-DTA (Thermogravimetric Analysis & Differential Thermal Analysis), MBA (Methylene Blue Adsorption) test and SEM observation were carried out. For TG-DTA, samples were carbonized up to $800^{\circ}C$ at the heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min under $N_2$ flows 1 l/min using thermogravimetric analyzer. Chemical component analysis of all samples resulted in typical contents of major wood component. In TG-DTA results, softwood showed higher char yield than hardwood, and lignin displayed the highest char yield among the major wood components. All samples showed typical TGA, DTG and DTA curves for wood pyrolysis except a few differences between softwood and hardwood. Content of lignin influenced its pyrolysis characteristics, while molecular structure of lignin affected not only the weight loss but also the yield of char. In MBA test results, MBA of softwoods was higher than that of hardwoods. Char of Pinus densiflora showed the highest MBA, but its degree was lower than activated carbon or fine charcoal about 23 and 4 times, respectively. SEM observation showed carbonization process preserves wood structure and retain the micro-structure of wood fibers.