• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2003

The number size distribution of urban aerosols ranging from 0.02 to 20 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter was measured by using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) system and an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer (APS) at Seoul from November 30,2001 to January 14, 2002. The gaseous species such as CO, NO, NO$_2$, and $O_3$ were also continuously monitored. The daily average concentration of urban aerosols sorted into three groups (0.02~0.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 0.1~1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1~10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and the typical number, surface, and volume distributions of urban aerosols were discussed in this paper. The weekly variation of aerosol concentration was compared with those of gaseous concentrations. relative humidity, and visibility. The results showed that the particle number concentration seemed to increase in the morning and the number concentration of fine particles less than 1 fm in diameter seemed to increase when the concentrations of CO, NO, and NO$_2$ were high. The number concentration of fine particles was relatively high when the relative humidity was greater than 70％ during the increasing period of relative humidity. The visibility was weakly correlated with the concentration of aerosols ranging 0.1 to 1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and the number size distribution for high visibility episode was apparently different from that for low visibility episode.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 1996

Aerosol measurements were carried out at Kosan, Cheju Island, Korea for the period from July 20 to August 10, 1994. Total suspended particles were collected by high volume samplers and PM 2.5 particles with gaseous volatile species were collected by a filter pack sampler and their ionic composition are analyzed. The average mass concentration of PM 2.5 particles was comparable to that of PM 3 particles collected during March, 1994 at the same site but the average non sea-salt sulfate concentration was higher that that of PM 3 particles, implying the fraction of anthropogenic air apllutants during this period is higher than that during March, 1994. During the measurement period, two distincitive patterns were observed, high concentrations of mass and water soluble ions were observed between July 20 and August 1 while those during after August 2 were low. Back trajectory analysis results show that air masses arriving at Kosan during the earlier period were mainly from Korea and Japan while those during the later period were from the North Pacific Ocean. It is suggested that the particle ion concentrations during the later period are marine background concentrations at Kosan during the summertime.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 1994

A visibility analysis model based on the Mie theory is applied to the measurements during the fall, 1993 in Seoul. Model estimations of the total extinction coefficient $b_{ext}$, and the particle scattering coefficient, $b_{sp}$ are in good agreement with the measured values by a transmissometer and a nephelometer, respectively. These values show strong dependency on the mass loading of fine particles( $D_{p}$ ＜3.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) but show no apparent relation with that of coarse particles(3.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$＜ $D^{p}$ ＜10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). Relative humidity plays an important role in determining the size of particles which in turn, affects the optical efficiency of aerosol. Based on the composition analysis with cut size nitrate concentration is higher than the sulfate concentration in PM3-10 but they are comparable to each other in PM3. Considering in 1985, it demonstrates a drastic increase of nitrate concentration between 1985 and 1993. It is found that measured and estimated light extinction budget were in good agreement within 10% and that scattering by particles is responsible for about 50-55% and 70-80 % of total extinction during clear and smoggy periods respectively.y.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.39-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper was to analyze and to compare the creativity of Nam-June Paik and Louis 1. Kahn to understand the characteristics of creative people. Both of them got strong supports from their family and close people. As they were not originally from the U.S., political and city environments where they settled in the U.S. for the first time strongly influenced their creative activity. The difference in the creative contexts of Paik and Kahn is that Paik had more visual cues in his childhood due to the rich environments. The various visual cues influenced his wide interests in video arts. In creative process, even though both of them more focused on the beginning stage of creative process, there were differences in creative problem solving styles. Kahn considered the imaging and perception as the most Important working process. For him, intuition(gestalt view) and ideation(generator) are more important than intellectual skill. On the other hand, Paik thought the symbolization(conceptualizer) based on his own experience and philosophy(associationism) was the most important.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.296-309
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• 2020

Carol Christian Poell is a designer famous for experimental designs and presentations. Poell's actions in the fashion-world resemble Fluxus, an anti-art group that started working in the 1950s. This study analyzed the works of Poell based on the characteristics of Fluxus and then compared the works of Poell with the performance of Nam June Paik, a Fluxus artist. We conducted literature studies and case studies. We examined the works of Poell and Paik based on the four characteristics of Fluxus: iconoclasm, unity of art and life, playfulness and chance. The results were as follows. First, they were engaged in anti-aesthetic works. While Paik concentrated on the content aspect of works, Poell was more focused on formal aspects. Second, neither of them distinguished between art and life. Paik achieved it by including audiences in his works; however, Poell attained it by adopting daily spaces as a place to display presentations and use ready-made forms. Third, they showed playfulness with a satirical nuance. Paik expressed it in an erotic way; however, Poell implied it through the irrational settings of circumstance. Finally, they created works by utilizing chance. Paik focused on auditory elements and the content aspects of works; however, Poell used the coincidence of visual and tactile elements when creating his works. This study compared the works of Poell with Paik and has its significance in its usefulness to understand designers with Fluxus characteristics in the fashion industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

Art archives are archives that are produced and collected in activities carried out by artists, critics, and related organizations, and a large portion consists of individual records. Because of these characteristics, art archives have a wide range of media and formats, each with their own characteristics and creators, which can lead to copyright issues in individual cases. This study conducted interviews with six art archive professionals from four institutions, secured and analyzed the copyright status and issues that occurred in the art archives field by business area, and suggested applicable measures for each copyright case.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2000

Performance characteristics of a wet air cleaning system were investigated experimentally, and discussed in relation with physicochemical properties of the target pollutants. The system is composed of an air cleaner, a separator, and a medium filter. Removal efficiency of the system was measured for ambient particles and gaseous air pollutants: $SO_2$, NO, $NO_2$, HCHO, and $NH_3$. For particle removal test, particles were introduced into the system through a fan, and the particle size distribution was measured at three locations by using two laser particle counters. Particle removal efficiency for each system component was obtained from the particle size distribution. It was found that the separator primarily removed coarse particles greater than $5{\mu}m$ in diameter, and that the medium filter mainly removed fine particles less than $5{\mu}m$ in diameter. For gas removal test, air with gaseous air pollutant was injected into the outlet of the fan, and the concentration was measured both at the upstream of the air cleaner and at the downstream of the separator. It was found that the gaseous species with high Henry's law coefficients, such as $SO_2$, HCHO, and $NH_3$, showed high removal efficiency, but the gaseous species with low Henry's law coefficients, such as NO and $NO_2$, showed low removal efficiencies. It was also found that negative ions were generated from the air cleaner.