• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2000

In order to investigate the physical and chemical properties of artificial culture media, the specimens were substituted with 5~20％ clay, 10~30％(w) quick lime, 5~l5％(w) burnt plaster and 10％(w) sawdust. Fly ash-clay bodies were sintered at 1,050~1,20$0^{\circ}C$ and then their properties were determined. It was found that 90FA10JC(fly ash ＋clay(90：10, ％(w)) specimen sintered at 1,15$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. had good physical and chemical properties. When this composition was supplement with 10％(w) sawdust, bulk density water absorption, apparent porosity, compressive strength and pH after 240 hrs curing time were 1.14, 54.4％, 39.5％, 54 kgf.cm$^{-2}$ and 7.1 respectively. The physical properties of fly ash-quick lime-burnt plaster system specimens were superior to FAJC systems. However, this composition we not suitable as a artificial culture media because of its high pH. In this study, it was shown that 90FA10JC10SD(90FA10JC ＋10％(w) sawdust) system exhibited the best physical properties.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

This study was conducted in a glasshouse to examine the possibility of producing tomato plug seedlings in a newly-developed inert phenolic foam medium. Plug seedlings of 'Madison' tomato were grown in four pellet type media, Grodan rockwool, UR rockwool, phenolic foam LC, and phenolic foam LC-lite. Seed germination was checked for 7 days. Seedling growth was measured at 19 days after sowing. The greatest germination was obtained in the phenolic foam LC and phenolic foam LC-lite. Plant height, hypocotyl length, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight were significantly greater in the rockwool medium than those in the other media. However, the T/R ratio and stem diameter were the greatest in the phenolic foam LC than those in the other media. The total porosity and container capacity of the phenolic foam LC was higher than in the other media. The air space (%) was lowest in the phenolic foam LC. Overall, the phenolic foam LC and phenolic foam LC-lite produced seedlings with similar growth as the rockwool. These results suggested that both phenolic foam LC and phenolic foam LC-lite have potential to be used in production of plug seedlings of 'Madison' tomato.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2000

젖산균의 생장을 위한 질소, 탄소 공급원으로서 corn steep liquor의 이용 가능성을 시험하고 반응 표면 분석(Response surface metho-dology)을 이용하여 젖산균의 최적 생상 배지 조성을 연구하였다. 반응 표면 분석에서 L.fermentum의 생장배지에 첨가되 corn steep liquor와 yeast extract의 농도(p<0.01) 그리고 corn steep liquor와 yeast extract의 교호작용(P<0.05)이 L.ferm-entum의 생장에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이때 생균수가 최대인 corn steep liquor의 함량은 10.77%, yeast extract는 3.39%.Tween 80은 1.69%으로 예측되었다. 한편, Lc, lactis ssp. lactis 의 생장배지는 corn steep liquor 의 농도(P<0.01) 그리고 corn steep li-quor와 $\beta$-glycerophosphate disodium salt의 교호작용(P<0.05)인 Lc. lactis ssp. lactis의 생장에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 이때 생균수가 최대인 corn steep liquor의 함량은 3.5%, $\beta$-glycerophosphate disodium salt는 4.38%로 예측되었다. MRS broth와 예측된 최적 배지에서 L.fermentum의 젖산과 초산의 생성량은 각각 0.166, 0.114과 0.273, 0.081 M이고 M 17glc broth와 최적배지에서 Lc. lacti ssp. lactis의 젖산과 초산의 생성량은 각각 0.089, 0.003과 0.189, 0.003M이었다. 따라서 corn steep liquor는 L. fermentum와 Lc. lactis ssp, lactis 의 생장을 위해 질소 또는 탄소 공급원으로서 배지에 첨가 될 수 있는 우수한 농업 부산물로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 1986

The effects of ginseng saponin and its related materials on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL2999 in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium were studied. Maximal production of aflatoxins by the mold in the medium occurred after 9 days at $28^{\circ}C$. When various concentrations of ginseng saponin were added to the medium aflatoxin productions were significantly reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control after 9 days at $28^{\circ}C$. 0.05% of saponin in the medium greatly decreased aflatoxin synthesis, and no aflatoxins were synthesized by the mold in the medium contained 5.0% of saponin. When various concentrations of saponin diol and triol were added to the medium both ingibitory and sitimulatory effects on alfatoxin production were resulted. Saponin fraction numbers of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 decreased aflatoxin production, however the numbers of 3 and 7 stimulated the toxin production. 0.05% of adenosine, guanosine, caffeine and xanthosine in the media inhibited aflatoxin production (p<0.05), but adenine and cytosine increased the production. When 5.0% of saponin was added to the medium aflatoxins were not synthesized at all, but total lipid synthesis and mold growth were highly stimulated. Both the synthesis of total lipid and mold growth were reduced in case of aflatoxin synthesis stimulated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.776-781
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• 2010

Estimating the electrical conductivity of the saturation-paste (SP) is a common method to assess soil salinity. To assess soil salinity realistically, it is important to extract soil solution under field capacity. However, few studies on salinity assessment have been conducted for soil solution extracted under field capacity (-33 kPa; FC) moisture condition due to difficulty in soil solution extraction. This study was conducted to evaluate whether saturation-paste can represent field condition. Soil solutions were extracted from 22 soils in the plastic film house (PFH) and 18 soils in the reclaimed land (RL) at saturation and field capacity moisture conditions. Those were analyzed for pH, EC, cations ($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$) and anions ($Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^{3-}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$). Both cations and anions of soil solution extracted from FC showed high correlations with ions extracted from SP in the PFH and the RL, except for ${NO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^{3-}$ in the RL. Results of the t-test, the ECe and $EC_{FC}$ were not significant at significance level 0.05. The slopes of the equations between $EC_{FC}$ and ECe at more than sand 50% soils were higher than less than sand 50% soils, and differences of saturation percentage between SP and FC showed larger as increasing sand percentage. EC was related to soil water retention by soil texture. To determine the EC, soil texture and other soil properties which effect the soil moisture should be considered.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2020

We examined the chemical properties of mixed media and the yield of Pleurotus pulmonarius using bag culture (1 kg) and also evaluated their relationship. The yield of mushrooms in the first flush appeared to be correlated with total nitrogen content. The highest yield of mushroom in the first flush occurred when the nitrogen content of the media was 1.12 %; however, when the nitrogen content was lower or higher than 1.1 %, the yield decreased. The yield of mushrooms in the second flush was highly correlated with various chemical properties including total nitrogen, total carbon, and C/N ratio; for example, higher nitrogen and carbon content produced a higher yield in the second flush. Therefore, when cultivating bottle culture, the nitrogen content of the media should be approximately 1.1 %, such that most mushrooms are harvested in the first flush. Additionally, when cultivating bag culture for harvesting two or more times, it is advantageous to have higher nitrogen and carbon contents in the media than the amount required for bottle culture media.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the feeding effects of total mixed fermentations (TMF) with spent mushroom (Flammuliua velutipes) and wet brewer's grain on estimating the productivity and nutrient utilization of Korean black goats. Four experimental groups were set up with each of the 5 animals for a 30-day feeding trial on growth performance. 12 black goats with regard to nutrient digestibility were allocated to 4 groups of 3 animals each by a latin-square design control group (offered concentrate and rice straw) and 3 treatment groups (TMF with 15% spent mushroom and 25% wet brewer's grain (T1), 10, 30% (T2) and 5, 35% (T3)). The average daily gain (ADG) of the control and T1 treatment groups was higher than that of the T3 treatment group (p<0.05). Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake (kg/head) for T1 and T2 treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM and OM for the control group (62.39~63.39%) and the T1 treatment group (65.02~65.25%) were significantly higher than those of the T3 treatment group (56.39, 59.01%) (p<0.05). Further, nitrogen retention was significantly higher in the T1 treatment group (p<0.05). Thus, these results conveyed that productivity and nutrient utilization were similar between TMF with spent mushroom and wet brewer's grain and commercial feeds. However, this study also suggested that feed must contain 25~30% spent mushroom due to the fact that the productivity of Korean black goats was decreased by increasing the content of spent mushroom.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.391-395
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• 2004

To overproduce the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase) of Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 in B. subtilis, the pJH-CGTl plasmid (8.14 kb) was constructed, in which the ORF of CGTase gene could be transcribed by strong constitutive promoter, P$\_$JH/. To overproduce CGTase from a recombinant B. subtilis, the effect of media on the cell growth and expression level of CGTase were investigated with various media (LB, 2${\times}$LB, 5% molasses+2% CSL, CS, LBG) in the flask culture. Among them, [5% molasses+2% CSL] medium revealed the maximum expression level of CGTase with 1.8 unit/$m\ell$ at 9 hr culture. In the batch culture on [10% molasses+5% corn steep liquor] medium the expression level of CGTase, the secretion efficiency, and plasmid stability were about 4.2 unit/$m\ell$, 90% and 90%, respectively, at 30 hr culture. The cell growth and expression level in the fermenter culture with the industrial molasses medium were increased by 2-folds over the flask culture.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

This study was carried out to know the factors affecting on shoot formation and rooting for stable and routine production of plantlets in bioreactor culture of Scrophularia buergeriana. Multiple shoots were formed effectively when explants were transplanted on the MS media with decreased concentration of $NH_4NO_3$ as 413mg/ l . Three hundred stem explants (0.8-1.0cm) was appeared as proper inoculation size in bioreactor culture. IBA (0.05mg/L) was more effective for rooting of the shoots in liquid as well as solid media. Six weeks long culture of explants in bioreactor gave better shoot shape for rooting on solid half-strength MS media.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.61-61
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• 2002

This study was excuted to decide the physiological characteristics of Kuehneromyces mutabilis. K. mutabilis was tested to select pertinent substract, temperature and pH range for the growth. Mycelial growth of K. mutabilis was mostly supported on MYPA among other tested synthetic or semi-synthetic media. The temperature range for pertinent mycelial growth was about 25~32$^{\circ}C$ and mostly stimulated at $25^{\circ}C$. And the pertinent pH range of MYPA was 5.0~6.0. The required carbon and nitrogen source for mycelial growth of K. mutabilis was tested. The mycelial growth was mostly stimulated by soluble starch at content. The carbon sources for pertinent mycelial growth was mannose or glucose. And the nitrogen source for pertinent mycelial growth was yeast extract or peptone.