• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects on abdominal muscle thickness and breathing by applying trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise along with breathing exercise, which is the main respiratory muscle during breathing, to present an efficient exercise method with diaphragm breathing. Methods : This study was performed on normal 6 females and 14 males subjects. They were divided into 2 groups which trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise group. The trunk strength exercise group (TSE) attended prone press-up, crunch and pelvic tiling. The deep stabilization exercise group (DSE) attended abdominal drawing, horizontal side-support and bridging exercise. Breathing exercise was performed for each set break time for 1 minute. Results : First, in the comparison of the change in the thickness of the abdominal muscle between the trunk strength training group and the deep stabilization group before and after exercise, there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of transverse abdominis (TrA), rectus femoris (RF), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Second, in the comparison of changes in respiratory function between the trunk strength exercise group and the deep stabilization exercise group before and after exercise, there were statistically significant differences in the exerted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the comparison before and after the experiment (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, it can be said that both trunk strength exercises and deep stabilization exercises along with diaphragm breathing are exercises that strengthen deep and superficial muscles, and have a positive effect on breathing function as well as muscle strength. However, it is not known which exercise was more effective, and because it was combined with breathing exercise, the interference effect appeared.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of 12-weeks of combined training on body composition and basic physical strength of obese female college students. The research object was composed of 12 obese female college students of D University, who learned the purpose of this research enough and wrote the consent form of voluntary participation, who have no medical history and currently no special disease, and no experience in regular exercise. They underwent body composition inspection, left right grasping power which is the basic physical strength, back muscle strength, flexibility, rapidity, muscle endurance, and the researcher performed descriptive statistics to calculate the average standard deviation, and analyzed to verify difference between groups by using paired t-test. With statistical significance level p<.05, the results are as follows. Obese female college students showed meaningful differences in weight, skeletal muscles, body fat volume and left right grasping power, back muscle strength, rapidity(p<.05) - flexibility and muscle endurance(p>.05).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2016

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) regulate the contractions of insect muscles by altering intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and are the targets of chlorantraniliprole. Recently, a chlorantraniliprole-resistant strain was reported in the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella by obtaining point mutations on the RyRs. In the present study, we established two resistant strains from Drosophila melanogaster, which were treated with low or high concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, and their resistance levels were determined on the basis of contact and ingestion toxicities. Compared with the control strain, the two resistant strains did not show any significant differences in contact toxicity. However, they showed significantly increased resistance ratios in ingestion toxicity than that by the control strain. The low and high concentration resistant strains exhibited 2.1- and 8.1-fold increased resistance ratios, respectively, compared with that by the control strain. Moreover, we found that the resistant strains had altered expression levels of RyRs and more enhanced Acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione-S-transferase activities than that by the non-selected strain. These results suggested that the resistance development of chlorantraniliprole in the two strains might be mediated by the activation of detoxification pathways in D. melanogaster.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

This study was performed to find out the persimmon vinegar as a functional drink on reducing blood lipids and enhancing exercise performance. For these, thirty two Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups; control (CONT), water placebo with high fat diet control (ACON), high fat diet with 2.5 times diluted persimmon vinegar ingestion (PV2.5), and high fat diet with 5.0 times diluted persimmon vinegar ingestion (PV5.0). Body weight was not different. Abdominal fat pads were statistically reduced in PV2.5 and PV5.0 compared to CONT and ACON. Blood glucose was not significant but TC, LDL-C and TG were lower in PV2.5 and PV5.0 than other groups, and HDL-C in PV2.5 was the highest among groups. Glycogen contents in the muscle and liver were higher in PV2.5 and PV5.0 compared to CONT and ACON. These results suggested that persimmon vinegar ingestion may inhibit the blood lipids increase and increase glycogen storage which possibly enhancing exercise performance. Therefore, persimmon vinegar has the possibility as the functional drink.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coordinative locomotor training (CLT) program on the balance for the promotion of life care of elderly obese women. Ten participants of elderly obese women who were able to walk independently without surgery experience of lumbar, hip or knee joint within the past year were recruited and under went the pretest, CLT (20 sessions), followed by the post-test. The test included BMI test using In-body, joint kinematics using myoVIDEO, muscle activation using surface EMG test (erector spinae (ER), external oblique abdominalis (EO), quadriceps femoris (Quad), hamstring muscle (Ham)) and balance tests including dynamic balance test using forced treadmill, Berg balance scale (BBS) and timed up go (TUG). The CLT program was conducted 60 minutes a day, 5 days a week, over 4 weeks period. As a result of this study, The the trunk and hip joints kinematics during the stance and swing phases of gait were a statistical significance levels were set at p <0.05. The ER and EO muscle activation were significantly improved after intervention (p <0.05). The length of gait line and single support line of change of center of pressure (COP) were significantly increased after intervention (p <0.05). The BBS and TUG were also significantly enhanced after intervention (p <0.05). The results of this study showed that CLT program for the improvement of life care had significant effects on improving postural instability, muscle weakness, reduced balance ability and falling risk of obese elderly women. Therefore, it is recommended to apply CLT program to improve life-care through improving balance ability and preventing fall of obese elderly women.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1976

The physiological saline solution for animals is known as Ringer's solution which is used for keeping the function of cold blooded vertebrate animals. Primaily the saline solution is used for the purpose of perfusion experiment in frogs. Later the saline solution is applied in several kinds of animals including human being with satisfactory results. However, this saline solution was introduced to silkworm and it was found that the result was not as successful as in the case of other animals and human being. Normally, in the case of silkworm, the physiological saline solution is prepared in order to maintain the normal function of separated organs and tissues. To this end, the saline solution is adjusted to contain the certain amount and strength of ions, osmosis pressure and hydrogen concentration. The most of cases, the physiological saline solution should be prepared so that the constituent of the solution be the same with the blood selium and body fluid. The hydrogen concentration in the ion element of the saline solution is adjustable by adding Na$\^$＋/, K$\^$＋/, Ca$\^$＋＋/, Mg$\^$＋＋/ which are followed by adding of buffer solution such as NaHCO$_3$and NaH$_2$PO$_4$. Determination of optimum concentration of cation in the physiological saline solution, and the optimum mixing rate of more than two kinds of cations are based on the movement of dorsal vessel in the silkworm larvae. The optimum concentration of cations in the solution is prepared by adding NaCl solution which is under zero point. However, this solution was further added with the different concentration of KCl and CaCl$_2$. By dropping the prepared solution on the 5th larvae, the effects of solution was measured. The measurement was done by observation of movement' of dorsal vessel and its time length, and the number of pulses. According to the experiment, it was found that when only NaCl solution was applied, the number of pulses is increased for a moment, and the pulse stopped after one hour or so. When KCl solution was added the time of pulse was prolonged and in the contrast, the number of pulses was slow down. If KCl and CaCl$_2$solutions are added the time of pulse was further prolonged. Even though the adding of KCl and CaCl$_2$are found to be effectible, the correlation between the concentration of solution and the movement of dorsal vessel was not observed. However, it was same in the case of adding Ca$\^$＋＋/ or K$\^$＋/. It was found that when Mg$\^$＋＋/ was added to dorsal vessel the number of the pulses was not decreased although the prolonged time pulse was observed.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2008

Purpose: The HSV1-tk gene has been extensively studied as a type of reporter gene. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), only a small proportion of patients are eligible for surgical resection and there is limitation in palliative options. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new treatment modalities and gene therapy is a leading candidate. In the present study, we investigated the usefulness of substrate, 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-1-${\beta}$-D-arabino-furanosyi-5-[$^{124/125}I$]iodo- uracil ([$I^{124/125}I$]FIAU) as a non-invasive imaging agent for HSV1-tk gene therapy in hepatoma model using small animal PET. Material and Methods: With the Morris hepatoma MCA cell line and MCA-tk cell line which was transduced with the HSV1-tk gene, in vitro uptake and correlation study between [$^{125}I$]FIAU uptake according to increasing numeric count of percentage of MCA-tk cell were performed. The biodistribution data and small animal PET images with [$^{124}I$]FIAU were obtained with Balb/c-nude mice bearing both MCA and MCA-tk tumors. Results:, Specific accumulation of [[$^{125}I$]FIAU was observed in MCA-tk cells but uptake was low in MCA cells. Uptake in MCA-tk cells was 15 times higher than that of MCA cells at 480 min. [$^{125}I$]FIAU uptake was linearly correlated (R2 =0.964, p =0.01) with increasing percentage of MCA-tk numeric cell count. Biodistribution results showed that [$^{125}I$]FIAU was mainly excreted via the renal system in the early phase. Ratios of MCA-tk tumor to blood acting were 10, 41, and 641 at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h post-injection, respectively. The maximum ratio of MCA-tk to MCA tumor was 192.7 at 24 h. Ratios of MCA-tk tumor to liver were 13.8, 66.8, and 588.3 at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h, respectively. On small animal PET, [$^{124}I$]FIAU accumulated in substantial higher levels in MCA-tk tumor and liver than MCA tumor. Conclusion: FIAU shows selective accumulation to HSV1-tk expressing hepatoma cell tumors with minimal uptake in normal liver. Therefore, radiolabelled FIAU is expected to be a useful substrate for non-invasive imaging of HSV1-tk gene therapy and therapeutic response monitoring of HCC.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.306-314
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• 2006

In this study, the anatomic characteristics and the contents of nutritional ingredients and minerals of silky fowl and yeonsan ogolgye was investigated. Silky fowl is covered with white silky feather. There is a pinch of vertical white tassel on peak of the head, especially a silky fowl cock. The crown of a silky fowl has a nickname of phoenix crown, the crown of a cock is mostly like a rose, while that of a hen like strawberry or mulberry. The ear of silky fowl is mostly peacock green(Light blue turquoise), bronze for a small part. Peacock green is most common for Silky Fowl with a age of $60{\sim}150$ days, over the age of 150 days, the peacock green will be gradually replaced by purplish red. Beaks are leaden blue, short and stout while the face is smooth and fine. The lower jaw of silky fowl has comparatively long tiny hair, similar to beard. The two legs of silky fowl are covered with a handful of feather, or known as 'Putting on trousers'. Each leg of silky fowl has five talons. The whole skin, eyes, mouth, talons of silky fowl are grey black The bone and marrow of silky fowl are light black the periosteum is black. The whole meat, internal organs and abdominal fat of sillry fowl aye black the heart and leg meat are light black. Silky fowl meat had lower moisture and lipids content, but higher Ash and protein content than meats of yeosan ogolgye and general chickens. For mineral contents of leg muscle and breast muscle, silky fowl had higher contents of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), potassium (K), zinc (Zn) than those of yeonsan ogolgye, while yeonsan ogolgye had higher contents of calcium (Ca) than that of silky fowl. The contents of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is higher in leg muscle than in breast muscle for the silky fowl and yeonsan ogolgye. Leg muscle of silky fowl contains a lot of iron (Fe), about 4 times as much as that of leg muscle of yeonsan ogolgye. For the silky fowl and the yeonsan ogolgye, leg muscles contains a lot of zinc (Zn), about 5 times, 4 times respectively as much as that of breast muscle.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.651-659
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• 2008

This study aimed to develop polyclonal antibodies to regional inedible adipocytes of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) and investigate cross-reactivity of the antibodies. Patterns in plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) from abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of Hanwoo isolated by collagenase digestion were investigated using SDS-PAGE. As antigens, abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte PMPs of Hanwoo were injected to sheep 3 times at 3 wk intervals for passive immunization, and non-immunized serum and antisera were collected before and after the injections. Titers of the antisera obtained from sheep and their cross-reactivities with heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and spleen of Hanwoo were determined by ELISA. Isolation and culture of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of Hanwoo were performed for analysing LDH concentration. Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis, specific proteins of PMPs in abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes appeared despite rather similar patterns between both adipocytes. At the level of 1:1,000 dilution, little antibody reactivity appeared in non-immunized serum whereas the antisera had relatively strong reactivity up to the level of 1:128,000 and 1:64,000 dilution. These findings may indicate that strong antibodies against adipocyte PMPs can be developed using an immunological approach. Extremely low reactivities of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte antisera were detected with PMPs of the organs. Both antisera strongly reacted with each adipocyte PMPs and showed statistically (p<0.01) higher cross-reactivities compared with non-immunized serum. In conclusion, these results may indicate that the present polyclonal antibodies against regional inedible adipocyte PMPs are well developed and have safety in cross-reactivities with body organs. Further studies on in vivo cross-reactivity and fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes PMPs of Hanwoo should be required for inedible fat-reduced high quality beef production.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.423-432
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• 2024

In this study, a vacuum tumbler with 4 impellers (DVT) was designed and applied for thawing frozen pork (vacuum -60 kPa, jacket 35℃, 1 rpm). Quality characteristics of the thawed pork were compared with those of industrially thawed meat by natural air at room temperature (NAT) and imported vacuum tumbler (IVT). The thawing time for frozen pork (303.36 kg) using DVT (165 min) was much shorter than that of NAT (4,200 min). DVT-thawed pork had lower drip loss (0.85%) than NAT (2.08%). DVT-thawed pork showed a pH of 5.92, a total bacterial count of 1.96±0.02 log CFU/g and no coliforms. Deteriorations in fat (TBARS 0.31±0.01 MDA mg/kg) and protein (VBN 5.67±1.98 mg%) in DVT-thawed pork were significantly lower than those of NAT (p<0.05). DVT-thawed pork had a high water-holding capacity (WHC, 97.5%). The hardness (34.59±0.46 N) and chewiness (188.21±0.17) of cooked DVT-thawed pork were about 5-6 times lower than those of NTA. Microstructure (SEM) showed myofibrillar damage in NAT-thawed pork, whereas dense myofibrillar structure was observed in DVT-thawed pork. DVT was better or similar to IVT in all evaluation parameters. The designed DVT is expected to be used as an efficient thawing method in terms of processing time and yield and to produce thawed meat with high WHC, soft texture, and low spoilage by minimizing tissue damage.