• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

Population sizes of an endangered species, Gobiobotia macrocephala (Cyprinidae, Gobioninae) were investigated in the Seom River, a tributary of the Han River drainage system, in Wonju-si, Gandgwon-do, Korea from September to October 2010. G. macrocephala occurred at 14 stations surveyed in this study and inhabited around the downstream riffles with pebble and coble bottoms. Its population sizes were estimated to be $8,295{\pm}4,922$ and $39,846{\pm}14,232$ individuals at two main stations using the mark-recapture method. The quadrat methods by a spoon net and snorkeling revealed that the population sizes were estimated to be 9,216 and 37,873 individuals, and 5,593 and 24,347 individuals, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2014

We investigated the diversity of lepidopteran larvae and their food plants in a 0.1 ha plot at Mt. Jirisan National Park, South Korea. The plant species in the plot were identified, and the lepidopteran larvae that fed on each plant in the plot were collected. Thus, we collected 141 plants of 16 species that belonged to 14 families and 159 lepidopteran larvae of 70 species that belonged to 11 families. Oak (Quercus serrata) was found to be the most favored plant species. Among the 11 lepidopteran families, the species richness and evenness of two families, Geometridae and Noctuidae, were the highest. On the basis of this study, we could assume the interaction between food plants and caterpillars in a temperate forest. Furthermore, we could estimate the species diversity of lepidopteran caterpillars in this temperate forest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 명선봉(1.586m)에서 덕평봉(1.521m)에 이르는 아고산지대를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 한국특산종 구상나무의 생육현황과 구상나무가 분포하는 천연림의 군집구조를 정확히 파악하여 앞으로 구상나무 관리의 기초자료를 마련하고자 구상나무가 생육하고 있는 지역에 26개의 방형구(20m$\times$20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다 분석한 결과 조사대상지는 신갈나무-구상나무 군집이었다 수종간의 상관관계에서는 뽕잎피 나무와 철쭉 마가목과 산벚나무, 층층나무와 시닥나무 등의 종들간에는 높은 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고 신갈나무와 쇠물푸레나무 잣나무와 노린재나무 등의 수종들간에 높은 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다 본 조사지의종다양도는 1.0572-1.0931로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. 구상나무의 활력은 저조한 것으로 나타났으며 8.32%가 고사목이었다 구상나무의 생육현황표에 의한 점수 평균은 9.03이었다 구상나무의 생육현황표에 의한 점수는 해발고와 낙엽퇴의 두께와 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.392-403
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• 2000

지리산국립공원 거림계곡 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 거림계곡 내 등산로를 따라 66개(6,600m2)의 방형구를 설정하였으며 DCA 기법을 이용하여 분석한 결과 해발고 740-950m 의 조사구는 졸참나무군집(군집I) 해발 950-1,340m의 조사구는 신갈나무군집(군집II) 해발 1,340-1,390m의 조사구는 구상나무-거제수나무군집(군집III)으로 분류되었다 상대우점치 흉고직경급별 분포 분석결과 각 군집의 우점종인 졸참나무 신갈나무 구상나무가 우점하는 군집으로 계속유지될것으로 판단되었으며 특히 관목층은 조랫대의 밀도가 높아 천이진행에 영향을 주는 동시에 종다양도가 낮은 것으로 판단되었다 한편 3개 군집간의 유사도지수는 낮은 상태로 해발고에 따라 식생구분이 명확하였다

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 아고산지대를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 한국특산종 구상나무의 생육현화과 구상나무림의 군집구조를 파악하여 앞으로의 구사나무림 관리의 기초자료를 마련하고자 구상나무가 생육하고 있는 지역에 42개의 방형구(20m$\times$20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다 분석한 결과 조사대상지는 세 개의 군집인 신갈나무-당단풍군집 구상나무-신갈나무군집 구상나무군집으로 분류되었다 수종간의 상관관계에서는 물들메나무와 함박꽃나무 함박꽃나무와 층층나무 구상나무와 잣나무 거제수나무와 노각나무 물들메나무와 말발도리 거제수나무와 물들메나무 거제수나무와 물갬나무 거제수나무와 함박꽃나무 철쭉과 회나무 주목과 미역줄나무 물갬나무와 노각나무, 잣나무와 마가목, 진달래와 명자순 명자순과 시닥나무, 가문비나무와 마가목 등의 수종들간에는 높은 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고 당단풍과 미역줄나무 등의 수종들간에는 높은 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다 본 조사지의 종다야도는 1.2389-1.2552으로 높게 나타났다 구상나무의 활력은 저조한 것으로 나타났으며 12.92%가 고사목이었다 생육현황표의 점수 평균은 13.88이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze Pinus densiflora forest in islets of southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods. As a result of the investigation of 26 quadrats, the pine forest was classified two communities and six subcommunities : Ardisia japonica - Pinus densiflora community and lsodon japonicus - Pinus densiflora community, and Farfugium japonicum subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Typical subcommunity of Ardisia japonica - P. densiflora community, Juniperus rigida subcommunity, Pourthiaea villosa subcommunity and Typical subcommunity of lsodon japonicus - P. densiflora community. The subsidiary knowledges from this study provide practical information to clarify the syntaxonomy of natural pine forest of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2020

Echinosophora koreensis (Nakai) Nakai an endemic plant with limited distribution in some parts of the Korean Peninsula, is designated as "Endangered" species on the IUCN Red List. The species is under the threat of deterioration in nature due to various environmental changes causing loss of natural habitats. We investigated the distribution pattern and population structure of E. koreensis to serve as a basic reference for identifying the dynamics and persistence of natural populations of this species in the future. To determine the characteristics of the E. koreensis population, we laid two to three large plots sized 20m×30m on the ridgeline as the reference in Yanggu, Chuncheon, and Hongcheon and laid four to seven small quadrats sized 1m×1m on the transect. A total of 530 plots were laid, 10 each at 2m interval, to measure the number of the stems, the number of fruiting, height, and other factors. The collected distribution information was compared with the existing IUCN assessed categories by applying IUCN Red List ver 3.1 Criteria B. The average population density of the three surveyed areas was 3.47 stem/㎡; the density of each area was 3.95 stems/㎡ in Yanggu, 3.37 stems/㎡ in Chuncheon, and 2.87 stems/㎡ in Hongcheon. The number of fruiting per stem was 0.0038, indicating only 7 fruits out of 1,837 stems and that vegetative reproduction is likely to be more dominant than sexual reproduction. The distribution tendency of population density in the small plots in three surveyed areas showed that the density of E. koreensis tended to decrease toward the center of the forest with low crown openness and around the mountain ridge with high crown openness. It indicated that the quantity of light could be a very important factor for the growth of individuals of this species. The analysis of the heights of individuals present in the surveyed plots showed a range of 2.3 ~ 68.5cm and an average of 20.1cm. An analysis on the stage-structure of the E. koreensis population based on the sieve height found that the appearance frequency decreased with increasing height above 15 ~ 20cm and that the percentage of individuals lower than 10cm, which were presumed to be seedlings, was severely low, indicating a necessity of study on the population sustainability based on the monitored data. The occupied area calculated with the collected species distribution information was 200㎢, indicating the EN category according to the IUCN Red List Reference B.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2013

The species of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong Which is belong to the Corydaliaceae is only distributed at the Gyaejeong Forest in Gyeongsan. As one of the spring ephemeral plants, this species has limited growing period. The present study is on site characteristics and vegetation structure in the wild habitats of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong and offers basic information on habitat conservation including recovery plan. The soil texture is silty loam and soil acidity is ranged as pH 5.4~5.9. The electric conductivity was 0.22-0.50 ds/m and soil organic content is ranged as 7.61~15.78 %. Fifty nine vascular plants were identified from 5 quadrats. According to the two way cluster analysis applied by the PC-ORD, the community was classified as Acer ginnala, Vicia amoena and Stellaria aquatica. The habitat of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong was determined by the dissimilarity indices rather than the species number of appearance. Species diversity was 1.26, and dominance and evenness were found to be 0.08 and 0.92, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.246-256
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• 2012

This study intended to investigate the distribution of natural habitats, and the environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis at 22 different sites of 9 regions in order to understand the environmental characteristics of $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats are confirmed at 44 regions of 14 cities and counties except for Donghae-si, Sokcho-si, Gosung-gun and Yanggu-gun in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 99-1,084 m with slope inclinations of $0-25^{\circ}$. A total of 215 vascular plant taxa are identified from 22 quadrates. Importance value for members of the herbaceous (H) layer were as follows: $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ 32.8%; $Meehania$ $urticifolia$ 7.5%; $Cardamine$ $leucantha$ 5.1%; $Scopolia$ $japonica$ 3.8%; $Corydalis$ $remota$ 3.3%. The importance value of the last four species are high, so they are at affinity with $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in their habitats. Species diversity of investigated sites ranged 0.4870-0.9848, and that of evenness and dominance are 0.4525-0.7601 and 0.1335-0.4191, respectively. Cluster analysis based on importance value appeared the high relations with differences of dominance species. Field capacity of investigated sites ranged 4.29-38.45%, and the soil pH and organic matter were 4.61-5.98 and 2.44-20.21, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

To explain the relationship between plant size and seed production, change of sexual organs, relationship between each organs of Convallaria keiskei population, which is located in Gwiyeo-2-ri, Namjong-myeon, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do these were studied from April to August 2002. This study was carried out two ways. One way was to set up the permanent quadrat to explain the change of sexual organs. The other was to carry the collected sample to the laboratory and analysis it to explain the relationship between each organs and energy division of seed production. In the Convallaria keiskei population, the average number of leaf which blooming shoot in the permanent quadrat was 2 and I could find the late leaf size was larger. It was found that, per shoot, the average number of flower was 7.9, fruit was 5.4 and seed was 16.1. Each properties in the sexual organ, underground part size and leaf size, had correlation of 1% or within 5%. The flowering time of the Convallaria keiskei was from April 26 to May 11. Therefore, it can be estimated that the blooming period was $8{\sim}9$ days in just one flower. Among that flowers bloom at the beginning May, 80% fruit at the end of May, and 68% fruit at the end of August. The dry weight of seed had more correlation dry weight of underground part than leaf area.