• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.251-261
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• 2020

The developmental ecology and temperature-dependent growth model were calculated to develop the Scotinophara lurida control technology, which is mainly affected by environmentally friendly rice cultivation. The survival rate of S. lurida after overwintering in 2019 showed that 167 of 224 survived and the survival rate was 72.8%. Overwintering adult of S. lurida occur in rice fields in mid-June, spawn in early July, and first-generation adults develop in mid-August. In order to determine the temperature-dependent growth model, the growth periods by temperature and development stage were investigated in a incubator at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ and 14L: 10D. The period from egg to adult at the temperature of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ was 119.8, 73.1, 53.5, 39.4, and 82.0 days, respectively. The best development temperature was at 27℃. The regression curve was obtained by analyzing the relationship between temperature and growth rate using the Excell program, and the base temperature threshold and effective cumulative temperature for each development stage were calculated. From eggs to 5 nymphs of S. lurida the base temperature threshold was 17.9℃ and the effective cumulative temperature was 380.2 DD.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1989

Serodiagnosis of parasitic infections is widely used, since parasites or their eggs are not always detected by ordinary methods. The sensitive tests such as ELISA are highly dependent on the purity of antigens used. To solve this problem. many workers have tried to find species-specific components of antigens, The present study was performed to determine the antigenic profile of crude saline extracts of 3, 5, 8 and 12-week old p. westermani worms, which were collected from experimentally infected cats, based on SDS-PAGE and immunoblot technique. The results were as follows: 1. The SDS-PAGE showed at least 30 Protein bands ranging from 229 kDa to 10 kDa molecular weight. The protein components of p. wsstermani changed chronologically during its developmental period. The 229 kDa band was recognized only in 12-week old worms ($$SEP_{l2}$). 2. Analysis by ELISA showed a significant increase in antibody levels at 3 weeks in infected cats using crude saline extract antigens ($SEP_3,{\;}SEP_5,{\;}SEP_8,{\;}SEP_{l2}$). 3. By EITB using $SEP_3$ and $SEP_5$ infected cats recognisea major protein bands with molecular weight of 60, 35, 28, 25 or 21 kDa at 3~12 weeks of infection, and 3 additional antigens, 19, 13 and 10 kDa, were detected at 8~12 weeks of infections. 4. Using $SEP_8$ 5 antigens, 91, 85, 31, 25 and 21 kDa, were consistently detected by all infected sera tested. In addition, 3 antigens of lg. 13 and 10 kDa were detected at 8~12 weeks of infection. Using $SEP_12$, similar results were obtained with that by using $SEP_8$ and 1 additional antigen of 229 kDa, specifically reacting with the sera from 12 weeks of in(traction, was recognized.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.607-612
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• 2009

The malignant tumor in childhood is one of the main causes of children s death due to disease. The traditional treatment for the malignancy is known for the radiation therapy and the chemical therapy or both. However, the treatments tend to induce intraoral complications. Different from adults, almost all children on cancer therapy are expected to have dental complications, because their permanent teeth are on the developmental stage. The degree of dental complication depends on the patient's age, type of chemical and other factors-radiation dose and frequency. In this report, 3 children who had experienced the anti-cancer therapy on their age between 1 and 4 years were selected and dental complications were examined. The children have chance for the various oral complications including the developmental problems such as agenesis, microdontia and hypoplasia of the teeth. Therefore, it's important to understand the side-effects of anticancer therapy during the permanent teeth had been developmental stage in young patients. Also, oral health care specialists, including pediatric and hospital dentist can support the oncology team by providing basic oral care, implementing oral care protocols, delivering emergency dental treatment undergoing anticancer treatment.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the vitrification method for cryopreservation technique of bovine in vitro fertilization(IVF) embryos. The morphological appearance and viability following vitrification of IVF bovine blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were examined. Embryos obtained 6, 7, 8 or 9 days after IVF were vitrified in both 40% ethylene glycoI(EG) plus 0.3M trehalose and 20% polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) in DPBS(ETP, Exp. 1) and ETP solution added 0.375M dextrose (ETPD, Exp. 2). The viability of Days 6, 7, 8 and 9 vitrified /thawed embryos at 24∼48 h culture after thawing was 11.9%, 19.8%, 23.4% and 15.3% in ETP(Exp. 1), and 34.6%, 54.5%, 37.9% and 13.0% in ETPD(Exp. 2), respectively. The viability of vitrified embryos produced from the culture days after IVF did not differ in Exp. 1, but significantly differ in Exp. 2(P＜0.05). The viability of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts significantly differed(P＜0.05) in 15.2% and 23.3%(Exp. 1), and 25.0% and 45.8%(Exp. 2). The result of Exp. 1 was similar to that of Exp. 2 on the viability of embryo according to developmental stages, but ETP solution plus sugar(dextrose) was increased the viability of vitrified embryos. In Experiment 3, The viability of vitrified embryos was not different between 12% and 20% PVP concentrations in ETP solution according to culture days or developmental stages. To investigate the effect of addition of sugar, two type of carbohydrates and a mixture of cryoprotectants for vitrification on the survival of bovine IVF embryos, bovine Days 7 to 9 blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were cryopreserved in either 20% glycerol plus 20% EG, 0.375M sucrose and 0.375M dextrose (GESD, Exp. 4) or 20% glycerol plus 20% EG, 0.3M trehalose and 20% PVP(GETP, Exp. 5) in DPBS. Survival rates of Day 7, 8 and 9 embryos at 24∼48h culture after thawing were 71.4%, 94.6% and 40.5% in GESD, and 59.5%, 81.5% and 62.5% in GETP, respectively. Hatching rates of Day 7, 8 and 9 embryos after thawing were 28.6%, 35.1% and 16.2% in GESD, and 27.0%, 33.3% and 18.8% in GETP, respectively. These results indicates that a mixture of cryoprotectants(glycerol and EG) and addition of sugar can improve the survival rates of the bovine IVF embryos(Day 7 or 8) vitrified, and the expanded blastocyst embryos are more suitable for vitrification than early blastocysts stage.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 1999

효율적인 homozygous 동물을 생산하기 위한 실험의 단계로 염색체가 4배체인 수정란의 이용성을 타진하기 위해 생쥐 수정란과 cytochalasin B를 사용하여 4배체 유도에 관한실험을 수행하였다. 생쥐 2-세포기 수정란을 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도의 cytochasin B로 약 20시간 배양하였을 때 모든 수정란은 발육을 거의 멈추었으나, 이 수정란을 cytochalasin B-free medium에 체외배양하였을 때 발육이 재개되어 48시간 후 상실기나 배반포기까지 약 74%의 발육율을 나타내었다. 그러나 발육된 수정란의 세포수는 대조구에 비해 휠신 적은 것으로 나타났다. 염색체 분석결과 cytochalasin B로 처리한 대부분의 수정란은 4배체인 것으로 나타났고 약간의 수정란은 mosaicism과 다배체를 나타내기도 하였다. 그러므로 cytochalasin B를 이용하여 효과적으로 4배체의 수정란을 유도할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.141-145
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• 2007

Maggot therapy (MT) has been re-introduced for non-healing wounds such as pressure sore, diabetic and necrotic ulcers, as well as infected surgical wounds, burn, and trauma injuries since early 1990s. For the production of sterile maggot of proper developmental stage, Lucilia sericata were studied on developmental periods of immature stages on liver agar medium under six different temperatures such as 15.4, 20.6, 22.5, 26.2, 29.1, and $33.0^{\circ}C$, and adult longevity and egg Production under $29^{\circ}C$. The periods of eggs and larvae of the 1st and the 2nd instars were shortest at $33^{\circ}C$ by 9.0, 14.0 and 18.6 hours, respectively. The periods of the 3rd instar larvae and pupae were shortest at $29.1^{\circ}C$ by 285.0 and 171.0 hours, respectively. Developmental zero point and total effective temperature far the development of each stage were calculated based on the developmental periods. Adults of both female and male lived more than one month. Females laid an average of 338.5 eggs through 2.7 times of egg laying throughout her lifetime.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1985

In order to determine the susceptible age of Enterobius vermicular is to anthelmintics and to observe the chronologie growth of female E. vermicularis in man, experimental infections were done. About 500 eggs were challenged to 19 volunteers. After 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 35 days of infection, each case was treated by either mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate. On the 40th day of infection all cases including control were treated again to terminate the experimental infection and to evaluate the effect of previous treatment. Each case collected 3-day stools to harvest the expelled worms. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. The infection rates of females were in range of 0.6~13.1 % in control cases. Because the collected worms showed comparable growth and development by day, the worms were concluded to be derived from experimental infection. 2. Cases that were treated with mebendazole on 4, 8 and 16 days after infection expelled 37.5%, 2.5% and 67.5% of the number expelled by a control case on the 40th day. Cases treated thereafter expelled no worms on the 40th day. 3. Cases that were treated with pyrantcl pamoates on 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, 32 and 35 days, expelled 90.7%, 25%, 45.3%, 8%, 2.7%, 5% and 29.3% of the number collected from control cases in respect. 4. All the worms collected were females. The total body length increased consistently and comparably from the 20th day of infection. Those collected on the 20th day were 2.5~3.0 mm long with vagina, sac-like structure and strands of ovaries; 24 day-old worms may have short uterus, 28 day-old worms had long uterus without eggs, 32 day-old worms began to produce eggs, 35 day-old worms showed wide variations in egg deposit in uterus, and 40 day-old worms had uterus filled with eggs from vulva to anal levels. From the above results, it was inferred that the life span of female Enterobius vermicularis was longer than 40 days, and the developmental stages of worms younger than 16 days resisted considerably to both mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

Measurements were made on morphology of each developmental stages of the chestnut weevil, Curculio sikkimensis, reared in the laboratory and field from 2003 to 2006. The size of egg was 0.8${\pm}$0.03 mm. The escaping larvae were measured, in average, as 98 mg in body weight, 10.65 and 3.99 mm in body length and width, and 1.70 mm in head width. Pupal size of female and male was 7.01 and 6.53 mm, respectively. The fresh weight (0.343 g), body length (7.76 mm) and width (3.38 mm), and head width (1.60 mm) of female adults were significantly bigger than those (0.268 g, 7.14 mm, 3.01 mm and 1.37 mm, respectively) of male adults. Proboscis length (6.53 mm) and antennal length (5.47 mm) of female was also significantly longer than those (3.56 and 4.63 mm, respectively) of male. The larvae of C. sikkimensis overwintered for 1~3 years and their body weight, body length, and body width were decreased. The ratio between proboscis length and body length, the basipodite position attached to the proboscis, and shape of the sex organ on the abdominal end could be used to discriminate sexes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1972

The variation of numbers of resin canal in cotyledon at different growing stages are observed and results are summarized as follows: 1. Resin canals of cotyledon are not found in May, but in September the average number was 3.26. 2. Unlike in later-formed needles, cotyledon resin canals were external and the range of resin canal numbers are 1 to 5. 3. Correlation coefficients between growing stages and resin canal numbers are significant. And correlations between resin canal numbers and leaf thickness, or the number and cross-section area are also highly significant. 4. Low correlation between resin canal and cotyledon number is observed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 1998

Actin and tropomyosin of Cryptosporidium muris were localized by immunogold labeling. Two kinds of antibodies for actin labeling were used. The polyclonal antibody to skeletal muscle (chicken back muscle) actin was labeled on the pellicle and cytoplasmic vacuoles of parasites. The feeder organelle has showed a small amount of polyclonal actin antibody labeling as well. Whereas the monoclonal antibody to smooth muscle (chicken gizzard muscle) actin was chiefly labeled on the filamentous cytoplasm of parasites. The apical portion of host gastric epithelial cell cytoplasm was also labeled by smooth muscle actin together. The polyclonal antibody to tropomyosin was much more labeled at C. muris than host cells, so it could be easily identified even with low magnification (${\times}2,000$). The tropomyosin was observed along the pellicle, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and around the nucleus also. The skeletal muscle type actin seems to play a role in various celluar functions with tropomyosin in C. muris; on the other hand, the smooth muscle type actin was located mainly on the filamentous cytoplasm and supported the parasites firm attachment to host cells. Tropomyosin on the pellicle was thought to be able to stimulate the host as a major antigen through continuous shedding out by the escape of sporozoites or merozoites from their mother cells.