• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-124
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• 1976

To find out the most effective method of treatments for the induction of sprouting of dormant seed potato pieces for the fall crop production of Irish cobbler, this experiment was carried out with sprout inducing bed and field performance trial. In GA treatments, about 10 days were required to sprout and resulted uniform and thin 3-4 sprouts per tuber piece, but sprouts were slender and rooting was not observed. In Ethrel treatments, 20-25 days were required, and sprouts were inferior than that of GA treatment in uniformity of sprouting, and percentage of rotten pieces and of healthy sprouted tuber pieces, but number of sprouts per tuber pieces was low, being 1-2, and sprouts were short, thick, and healthy, and showed good rooting. In GA and Ethrel mixture treatments, 1-2 more days were required to sprout than GA treatments, but sprouts were relatively healthy, and other sprouting pattern were like that of GA treatments. In Ethylene chlorohydrin and 6-Benzyl-adenine treatments, sprouting was like that of Ethrel treatments, but much more days were required than Ethrel treatments and tendency of severe rotting was observed. Optimum treating methods of promising chemicals found to be 1-2 and 2-5 ppm GA solution, 500 and 1000-2000 ppm Ethrel solution, and 1-2＋250-500 and 5＋250-500 ppm GA and Ethrel mixture solution for 60 min. treatment of tuber piece and whole-tuber, respectively. Induction of sprouting in dry and hot time resulted severer rotting of tuber pieces during the induction of sprouting and with the advancement of dormancy, being delayed in date of treatment, tendency of promotion of sprouting and rooting was observed. When sprouted tuber piece was transplanted at the same date, yields were in order of Ethrel, GA and Ethrel mixture, and GA treatment, indicating the correlation between yield and healthiness of sprout and rooting status of sprouted tuber piece. In all treatments, earlier transplanting resulted higher yields.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2017

To evaluate performance of the experimental pick-up type pulse crop harvester for harvesting sprout bean, its pick-up and discharging grain loss ratios, grain quality such as whole grain ratio, damaged grain ratio, unthreshed grain, and foreign material ratio in grain tank, germination rate of threshed grain, and theoretical field capacity of the harvester were analyzed according to engine speeds of 2000, 2400 and 2800 rpm and harvesting speeds of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 m/s. It is considered that the harvester showed optimum performance at the engine speed of 2800 rpm and the harvesting speed of 1.0 m/s, and then average pick-up grain loss ratio of 2.7%, discharging grain loss ratio of 0.5%, whole grain ratio of 99.3%, damaged grain ratio of 0.2%, unthreshed grain ratio of 0.0%, foreign material ratio of 0.2%, and germination rate at 8 days after seeding of 72.8% were shown. It is considered that the harvester has lower grain loss and higher grain quality than the imported bean combines. And also as it could harvest 3 rows of cut and dried sprout bean crop width of which was about 2 m, its effective field capacity was estimated for about 50 a/h.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to improve the germination when we sowed Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L. Local vas. Jinjoo) in the up-land.. The results are summerized as follows 1. There is no difference on the germination of Chinese milk vetch from $15^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. Germination ratio is 7l%, speed is 60% and mean of germinating day. is about 4. But at $10^{\circ}C$ germination ratio and speed are decreased as 65%, 8% but mean of germinating day is increased as 8. 2. Chemicals used for improve of germination $KNO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, HCl, NaOCl, NaOH and GA were increased about 6~8% of germination ratio. 3. Germination in response to soil covering up depth, surface sowing showed 68% of germination and not more than 4cm the seed is germinated 60% but not less than 6cm, germination ratio is not more than 50%. 4. Soil water content needed in the germination is proper about 70~80% of field water capacity and the ratio is 65% but not. more than 40% germination ratio is not more than 31%. 5. Germination in response to seed treatment (1 day sbsorption /1 day dry) germination ratio is not decreased when it treated 2 times but not less than 3 times it decreased seriously and not less that: 5 times it decreased not more than 31%. 6. Germination in response to seed largement, small seed is not good for germination, so seeds harvested after the majority of the seed is ripened.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.436-447
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• 2006

Recently, there is increasing demand on enhancing the efficiency of hydro-seed spraying in afforestation for damaged or degraded land including forest road slopes. In this study, we focus on how seed coating and molding may affect seed germination and seedling growth. Plant species used in the study are Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Arudineila hirta, Poa pratensis, and Lolium perenne. The results of seed germination and seedling growth with and without seed coating and molding are analyzed as follows: 1. For all the species and in both seeding with molding covered with soil and seeding without molding in which seeds were over sown, the increment of germination ratio by seed coating method is greater than by non·coating one. Seed coating increases average germination ratios observed in seeding with molding and without molding by 11.2% and 21.4%, respectively. Germination force may decrease from 0.8 to 3.7 days depending on the plant species and the treatments. The $LD_{50}$ decreased by $0.8{\sim}2.6$ days. However, seed coating delays the start of germination by approximate 1 day for all of the observed plants. 2. Seed coating may have the effect of accelerating the growth of stem and leaf and root. The experimental result shows that seed coating leads to 21.7% and 34.8% increment of average stem and leaf growth by seeding with molding and without molding, respectively. In terms of root growth, seeding with molding results in 22.0% increment while seeding without molding produces 26.2% increased root growth. 3: Compared to seeding without molding, germination starts on an average of 1.3 days later in seeding coated seeds with molding. However. the germination ratio is increased by 5%, and germination force and $LD_{50}$ are observed to shorten by 1.0 day and 1.4 days, respectively. Meanwhile, whether seeds are coated or not may be more related with germination and seedling growth in seeding without molding than with those in seeding with molding. 4. In this study, coating materials are examined to look at which ones are better in each treatment. Coating with Vermiculite+Talcum is the most effective in germination and seedling growth for overall plants. Seed coating using Bentonite, Calcium Carbonate, and Calcium Hydroxide shows better results than non-coating does. 5. When seeds are coated, the greatest enhancement of seed germinations was observed in Indigofera pseudotinctoria and, in the case of seedling growth, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya has the most increasing observation value among the 5 examined species. These results may indicate that woody plant seeds, having greater sizes of seeds than ones of grass seeds, may have greater relation with seed coating than grass plant seeds may have. 6. Therefore, if seeds cannot be molded up after hydro-seeding on forest road slopes, it is recommended that seeds for restoration be pre-coated with Vermiculite+Talcum and then be sowed, in order to quickly stabilize the damaged slope and achieve successful afforestation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

Research was initiated to investigate early establishment characteristics and germination pattern of fine-textured fescues (FF). Six varieties from Chewings fescue ($Festuca$ $rubra$ L. ssp. $commutata$ Gaud., CF), creeping red fescue ($F.$ $rubra$ L. ssp. $rubra$ Gaud., CRF), hard fescue ($F.$ $ovina$ ssp. $longifolia$ Thuill., HF) and sheep fescue ($F.$ $ovina$ L., SF) were evaluated in the study. An alternative environmental condition requiring a FF germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Daily and cumulative germination patterns were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 60% germination, and germination rate. The final germination percentage was variable with species and varieties, being 40.25 to 82.00% at the end of study. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among FF species. The first germination in all entries except HF was initiated between 5 and 6 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA conditions, while HF between 6 and 7 DAS, being 1 day later. It was 8 to 10 DAS in days to the 50% germination, which was 2 to 4 days after the first germination date. Days to the 60% germination were 9.10 to 14.80 DAS under ISTA conditions, being 5.70 days in differences among the entries. CF 'Jamestown II' and 'Shadow II' and HF 'Aurora Gold' were the fast varieties. The slowest one was HF 'Rescue 911'. Among FF species, turf establishment speed was becoming faster in CRF, SF, HF and CF in this order. Information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern from this study would be usefully applied for golf course design and construction, when established with FF.

• 한국양묘협회지
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• s.2
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• pp.5-9
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• 1974

이상의 내용을 다음과 같이 몇가지로 중요사항을 결론지어 요약할 수 있다. 1) 엽면시비는 그 대상을 주로 수목묘양성에 있어서는 삽목묘 상체묘 파종상의 발아묘에 효과가 있으며 과채류에 있어서는 이미 사용된지 오래며 각기 그 종류에 따라 사용목적이 다르다 2) 식물의 부위에 따라 그 효과가 다른데 생장점에 가까운 곳이 그 흡수가 빠르고 효과도 좋다. 또한 엽면부위에 따라서는 잎의 표면보다 이면에서 약제의 흡수력이 크다. 3) 종류로서는 주로 요소는 묘의 세

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

This research was performed to develop seminal propagation method of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. by conducting a rigorous germination study. Well-selected seeds were dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ during the experiment. To study dormancy type, non-stored seeds were analyzed by embryo observation, germination test and detecting for any difficulties in seed coat to absorb moisture. Then to improve germination, seeds were submerged for 24 hours in a solution of varying concentrations containing one of plant growth regulators and minerals. According to research, fleshly matured seeds had an undifferentiated embryo and had a low germination rate below 5%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption, embryo in the seeds grew and germinated so it was deemed morphophysiological dormant seeds. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) was greatly improved by soaking in plant growth regulators and minerals for 24 hours. Especially, 500 ㎎/L GA₃ treatment resulted in the highest GE as 46.1%. KNO₃ meaningfully improved PG (54.3∼57.7%) at 10∼20 mM but effect of minerals on germination acceleration as GE were negatively impacted in all concentrations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanism of crop plants. Plants used in this experiment were rye, barley, Italian ryegrass. Seeds were treated at saline condition and the saline conditions were controlled by NaCl. The results were summerized as follows. In rye, germination ratio and speed were above 90% and 80% at NaCl concentrations below 0.5% but germination ratio was seriously decreased at NaCl concentration above 0.6%. In barley germination ratio was not less than 80% at NaCl concentration below 0.8%. In italian rye grass germination ratio was decreased gradually by increasing NaCl concentration but germination speed was seriously decreased at NaCl concentration above 0.6% as not more than 7.5%. Water absorption rate was low in barley than rye and it was decreased by increasing NaCl concentration and duration of absorption. In barley, carbohydrate content was decreased slightly in response to increased NaCl concentration and content of reducing sugar was independent of NaCl concentration. In rye, reducing sugar content was increased until 0.3% of NaCl and increased seriously after 20 hours. $\beta-Amylase activity was high at control and 0.6% lot of NaCl, but it was not general tendency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of experimental warming using infrared lamps on seed germination and seedling survival rate of Pinus densiflora and Abies holophylla. The air temperature of warmed plots had been automatically maintained 3 higher than control plots. The percent germinations (%) of the two coniferous species were higher in warmed plots than in control plots, however a significant difference appeared only in A. holophylla. In addition, P. densiflora and A. holophylla showed the shorter mean germination time (days), higher germination rate ($seed{\cdot}day^{-1}$) and germination energy (%) in warmed plots than in control plots. A. holophylla showed a higher seedling mortality rate in the warmed plots than in control plots because of increased air and soil temperatures and decreased soil moisture. However, seedling survival rate of P. densiflora showed no significant difference by experimental warming. In the future, changed air and soil temperatures and soil moisture due to global warming will induce a variety of changes in seed germination and survival rate of tree species in nursery culture. Therefore, it is necessary to establish adaptation strategies that improve techniques in nursery culture against global warming.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.564-573
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• 2016

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) for improving horticultural usefulness. Seeds were collected around Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do in October of 2011 and experimented upon while being dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ (darkness). Seed length of a major and minor axis were 1.58 ± 0.060 and 0.21 ± 0.016 ㎜, respecrively, and weight of 1,000 seeds was 6.24 ± 0.172 ㎎. Seeds were thus classified as ‘dwarf seeds’. Regarding the dormancy type, since round-leaved sundew seeds were dormancy broken and germinated at 20~30℃ under the light condition after wet-chilling treatment for 12 weeks, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dormancy broken seeds were found to be 20℃ and light condition (54.7%), but germination decreased at higher temperature. Percent germination (PG), germination energy (GE), mean germination time (MGT) and T₅₀ were effectively improved by chemical treatment such as GA₃ 200 ㎎/L + kinetin 20 ㎎/L and wet-chilling treatment for 14 weeks. In conclusion these optimal conditions were thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly.