• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

Objects：It is difficult to differentiate between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and mania because of similar symptoms and atypical symptoms of mania in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and to clarify the relationship by comparing the clinical features and comorbidities of ADHD and manic patients. Methods：The subjects consisted of 35 patients with ADHD and 19 manic patients. To Compare the characteristic symptoms between the two disorders, we selected 29 patients with ADHD and 14 patients with manic disorders. 6 ADHD patients who had manic disorders as comorbid disorder, and 5 manic patients who had ADHD as comorbid disorders were manic disorders were excluded. Results：1) There were significant differences in ages of onset and state anxiety scale scores, birth weights, numbers of perinatal problem, gestational ages, school behavioral problems between ADHD patients and manic patients(p<0.01). 2) There were significant differences in loses things(p<0.05) of ADHD-symptoms and grandiosity(p<0.01), decrease in sleep(p<0.05), delusions(p<0.01), hallucinations(p<0.05) of mania-symptoms between ADHD patients and manic patients. 3) The comorbid disorders of ADHD patients are significantly high(p<.05) than that of manic patients in major depression. 4) The familial loading of manic patients are significantly high(p<.05) than that of ADHD patients in mood disorder. Conclusions：The above results suggest that ADHD and mania are different disorders, considering the significant differences of clinical features and characteristics, familial loadings of the two disorders.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.11.2-12
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• 1982

The major advancement in phonosurgery due to recent development of laryngomicrosurgery enabled more accurate diagnosis and treatment of patient with voice disorders. Among large proportion of voice disordered patients, prominent linear furrow running parallel along the free edge of vocal cord extending from the vocal process to anterior commissure can be seen as well as incomplete closure during phonation. These cases were illustrated and coined as sulcus vocalis by Salvi in 1901, since then other similar paper was reported in Europe and Japan, but has not been reported in Korea. The exact etiology and therapeutic methods of sulcus vocalis has not been elaborated. At Department of Otolaryngology of Yonsei University College of Medicine a series of voice analysis were performed among those 35 patients with sulcus vocalis visited to Vocal Dynamics Laboratory from May, 1981 to March, 1982. Following is the result of clinical statistical investgation and therapeutic modality. 1) The incidance of sulcus vocalis among 290 patients with voice disorder visited to Vocal Dynamics Laboratory was approximately 12%(35 cases). 2) Onset of this voice disorder was most frequent among patient under 10 year-old groups; 19 cases (54%) followed by second decade, third decade groups in decreasing frequency respectably. 3) The etiology of sulcus vocalis was mostly unknown. The sequelae after measle (4 cases) and severe upper respiratory infection (3 cases) and congenital deformity (2 cases) were the possible causes of sulcus vocalis. 4) These patients were involved bilaterally in 25 cases (71%), left side only in 8 cases (23%) and right side only in 2 cases (6%). 5) Almost all patients complained hoarseness and 7 patients were suffering from chronic laryngitis. 6) In aerodynamic analysis, Maximal Phonation Time was decreased in 20 cases (57%), Phonation Quotient was increased in 22 cases (63%) and Mean Air Flow Rate was increased in 23 cases (66%). 7) Among them, 33 cases were analyzed with stroboscopy. The findings were as follows; incomplete glottic closure during phonation in 31 cases (93%), regular vocal cord movement in whole cases, asymmetric cord movement in 4 cases (12%), decreased amplitude in 5 cases (21%) and small mucosal wave in 24 cases (73%). 8) Intracordal Teflon injection in 5 cases and Sulcusectomy in 1 cases were performed as therapeutic management, however, the therapeutic results were not effective except one case with Teflon injection.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of depressive episode about major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent. The subjects of this study were 34 major depression patients and 17 bipolar disorder patients hospitalized at child and adolescent psychiatry in OO university children's hospital from 1st March 1993 to 31st October 1999. The method of this study is to review socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic classification, chief problems and symptoms at admission, frequency of symptoms, maternal pregnancy problem history, childhood developmental history, coexisting psychiatric disorders, family psychopathology and family history and therapeutic response through their chart. 1) The ratio of male was higher than that of female in major depressive disorder while they are similar in manic episode, bipolar disorder. 2) Average onset age of bipolar disorder was 14 years 1 month and it was 12 years 8 months in the case of major depression As a result, average onset age of major depression is lower than that of bipolar disorder. 3) The patients complained of vegetative symptoms than somatic symptoms in both bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. Also, the cases of major depression developed more suicide idea symptom while the case of bipolar disorder developed more aggressive symptoms. In the respect of psychotic symptoms, delusion was more frequently shown in major depression, but halucination was more often shown in bipolar disorder. 4) Anxiety disorder coexisted most frequently in two groups. And there coexisted symptoms such as somartoform disorder, mental retardation and personality disorder in both cases. 5) The influence of family loading was remarkable in both cases. Above all, the development of major depression had to do with child abuse history and inappropriate care of family. It is apparent that there are distinctive differences between major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent through the study, just as in adult cases. Therefore the differences of clinical characteristics between two disorders is founded in coexisting disorders and clinical symptoms including onset age, somatic symptoms and vegetative symptoms.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2005

Purpose: To analyze the outcome of radiation therapy for patients with a metastatic carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary (MUO), and identify the prognostic factors for these patients. Materials and Methods: Between July 1981 and June 1999, 39 patients with MUO underwent radiation therapy with curative intent. Twelve patients were treated with radiation therapy alone (Group 1), 8 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy (Group 2), and 19 with either an excision or neck dissection and postoperative radiation therapy (Group 3). There were 31 males and 8 females, with a median age of 55 years, ranging from 25 to 77 ears. The median duration of follow-up was 38 months, ranging from 3 to 249 months. Results: The 5-year overall survival rate was $55\%$. According to the treatment modality, the 5-year disease-free survival rates of Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 48, 19 and $75\%$, respectively (p=0.0324). In addition to the treatment modality, the appearance of the primary site was a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p=0.0085). Conclusion: Surgical resection and radiation therapy achieves a superior disease-free survival compared to radiation therapy alone, either with or without chemotherapy Further investigation Is needed to evaluate the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of MUO.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Background: Korean national guidelines for examining contacts with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are a tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest radiographs. The treatment of a latent TB infection as performed only in those younger than six years of age who test positive for TST. Although there is a high incidence of active TB in young Korean soldiers, the current national guidelines for controlling contacts with active TB in soldiers are insufficient. This study highlights the problems with the Korean guidelines for controlling a TB outbreak in a small military unit. Material and Methods: In December of 2005, there was a tuberculosis outbreak in a military unit with a total of 464 soldiers in Kyung Gi province. The chest radiographs were taken of all the soldiers, and TST were carried out on 408 candidates. Results: In the first screening of the chest radiographs, two active TB patients were detected. By August of 2006, four additional cases were detected, making a total of six cases after the outbreak. All the patients showed active pulmonary TB or TB pleuritis. When the results of TST in the close contacts and non-close contacts were compared, there was a significant difference in the absolute size of the induration($9.70{\pm}7.50mm$ vs. $6.26{\pm}7.02mm$, p<0.001) as well as the ratio of patients showing an induration > 10mm (50.0% vs. 32.0%, p<0.001) and 15mm (33.2% vs. 20.9%, p= 0.005). Conclusion: Although the national guidelines for managing a TB outbreak in a military unit were followed, there were continuous instances of new active TB cases. This highlights the need for new guidelines to prevent the spread of TB.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1996

30 DSM-III or DSM-III-R tic patients were assessed by hospital records and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale to study the common characteristics, clinical course and longterm outcome of tic disorders after 3.1-18.1 years, 73.3% of the patients(treated or untreated) have recovered or partially improved. Identifical precipitating factors were found in 9 patients. Associated disorders were ADHD, sleep disorder, and so on. The outcome according to age of onset, duration of follow-up and diagnoses have no statistically significance. Increased age at follow up was influenced improvement of tic symptoms, though statistically not significant(p=0.327). These results suggest that the outcome of tic disorder is not ominous and they are relatively good social adjustment inspite of carrying the tic symptoms. But this study has some limitations such as retrospective study and sample size. Studies designed prospectively with large sample would be needed to generalize theses results.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1989

Since the first cases of tsutsugamushi disease reported in Korea in 1986. many cases has been reported and its occurrence has been increasing. Only 2 cases has been reported in Taegu city and Kyungpook area. We experienced an outbreak of 26 cases of tsutsugamushi disease in this area and their clinical manifestations are ; 1. The outbreak occurred in September to November in 1988 and its peak occurrence was in October. 2. Mean age was 52 years old (18 to 69 years old) and peak incidence was in the 6th decade. 3. Major symptoms and abnormal signs are fever/chills(88%), myalgia(65%), headache(54%), nausea and vomiting(31%), and abdominal pain(27%). The eschar was detected on lower part of body in most of cases. and more frequently in male(M : F 100 vs 58%). 4. Patients were treated with tetracyclines(TC) and/or chlorampenicol(CM) and mean duration of defervescence from initiation of antibiotic therapy was 2.1 days with TC and 2.5 days with CM. 5. Complications are 2 cases of meningitis and 1 cases of shock. and all cases were recovered without any sequlae. As above, tsutsugamushi disease occurs in Taegu city and Kyung Pook area as other part of Korea and clinical manifestations are similar to other reports.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.209-226
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between memory belief, depression and cognitive functioning for stroke patients. A total of 88 subjects were participated in this study and the questionnaire was composed with general characteristics and K-MoCA, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Memory Self Efficacy Qestionnaire(MSEQ), Memory Controllability Inventory(MCI). The results showed that, for the memory self efficacy by general characteristics, there were significant differences in terms of level of education, living and economic status, the number of onset of stroke (p<.05), the memory controllability showed significant differences in economic status (p<.05), and the depression showed significant differences in onset duration of stroke (p<.05), and the cognitive functioning showed significant differences in gender, age, education, living condition, and the number of onset of stroke (p<.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between memory self efficacy and memory controllability, depression, and cognitive functioning (p<.05). Memory controllability was correlated with depression (p<.01), depression was correlated with cognitive functioning (p<.01). Memory self efficacy, memory controllability and depression were found to be factors, affecting the cognitive functioning (p<.05). Based on this results, it is recommended to develop a multifaceted rehabilitation program in order to induce the positive mood, to reduce the negative emotions such as depression and to promote the memory belief about recovery of cognitive functioning.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2012

A cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure (BP) changes and the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension among age groups in Korea were conducted. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse (PP) pressures were evaluated. Residents visiting a local Community Health Center for a health check-up and/or participating in the Health Promotion Program were included for the analyses. A total of 6,570 subjects (2,809 men, 3,761 women) were divided into five age groups: 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and $70\leq$ years. Comparisons were made between sex and among age groups. SBP and DBP were continuously elevated, while men showed higher levels than women until their mid-60s; then, the trend was reversed. DBP in men became elevated from their 30s, reaching the highest in the 40s then slowly decreasing. DBP in women increased up to their 40s and 50s, then reached a plateau. PP increased rapidly from the 50s in both sexes. The major contributor of age-related BP elevation may be large artery stiffness in men, particularly from their 50s, while the blood pressure elevation of women may relate to diverse factors including large artery stiffness, stroke volume, and ventricular ejection rate. The rapid elevation of PP after the 50s in both men and women could represent a risk of cardiovascular or coronary mortality, particularly with increasing age. The current data showed a higher rate of hypertension in both sexes compared to previous reports. When those with both high-normal BP and hypertension are looked at in combination, BP management of the target population should be drastically elevated.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2024

The present study sought to assess the health-related behavior affecting hypertension in the Korean elderly. A data set comprising 1,404 subjects aged ≥65 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VIII-1 (2019) was analyzed. In men, the incidence of hypertension was associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.056; P=0.004), absence of a family history of chronic diseases (OR, 0.662; P=0.024), underweight status (OR, 0.142; P<0.001), normal weight status (OR, 0.390; P<0.001), and non-drinkers (OR, 0.552; P=0.001). In women, the incidence of hypertension was associated with age (OR, 1.091; P<0.001), absence of a family history of chronic diseases (OR, 0.424; P<0.001), normal weight status (OR, 0.532; P<0.001), and poor subjective health level (OR, 1.640; P=0.018). In conclusion, the factors affecting hypertension in men were age, obesity, family history of chronic diseases, and drinking. In women, the factors affecting hypertension were age, obesity, family history of chronic diseases, and subjective health level. Therefore, it is proposed to make efforts to establish gender-appropriate health promotion and intervention programs and health policies to reduce the incidence of hypertension in the elderly.