• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

The extraction of aluminum from coal fly nsh wa studied using H,SO, and CaF, as leachants Aluminum was effectively extracted by HF formed &om the reaction of H,SO, and CaF, which decomposed the mullite in fly ash. The cffeas of H,SO' and CaFi concentration, reaction temperature, and reacliou time on aluminum extraction were investigated. 97% of aluminum was extracted by 4 M H:SO, and 0.5 M CaF, at 106$^{\circ}$C for 10 houci.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of extracts from Rubus coreanus (RC) and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (AP) on DNA damage response in ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed HaCaT cells. Cell activity upon treatment for 24 h with RC or AP alone was similar to or greater than that of the nontreated control. When UVB-exposed cells were postincubated for 24 h in medium containing RC or AP, cell activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation analysis showed that postincubation with RC or AP decreased UVB-induced apoptosis by about 20% and 15%, respectively, of that in cells postincubated with growth medium. When UVB-exposed cells were postincubated for 24 h in medium containing RC or AP, the level of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer decreased in a concentration- dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that treatment of cells not exposed to UVB with RC or AP alone did not significantly change the levels of phospho-p53 and GADD45 protein. Interestingly, when UVB-exposed cells were postincubated for 24 h in medium containing RC or AP, phospho-p53 and GADD45 levels decreased in a concentration dependent manner. Our results suggest that RC and AP extract assist the survival of UVB-exposed cells in parallel with a decrease in levels of UVB-induced DNA damage and damage-response proteins, such as p53 and GADD45.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.777-782
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• 2003

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to monitor the characteristics of ethanol extracts from Hericium erinaceus. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables, ethanol concentration $(X_1)$, and sample ratio $(X_2)$ on dependent variables, soluble solid $(Y_1)$, total phenols $(Y_2)$, crude protein $(Y_3)$, electron donating ability $(Y_4)$, and browning color $(Y_5)$ of the extracts. As the sample ratio increased, the soluble solid content increased. Ethanol concentration played a minor role. Total phenols and crude protein increased with sample ratio. Sample ratio had a greater effect than alcohol concentration in the extraction of soluble solid, total phenols, crude protein, and browning color, with an exception of electron donating ability. The optimum ranges at 2 hr extraction was $3.9{\sim}5.0\;g/l00\;mL$ in sample ratio and $36{\sim}52%$ in ethanol concentration. Predicted values at the optimized conditions were acceptable when compared to experimental values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1000-1005
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• 2004

Structured lipids (SLs) were synthesized by acidolysis of crude oils (corn and peanut oil) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with a molar ratio of 1:3 (extracted oil:CLA) in a shaking water bath. The reaction was performed for various reaction time (1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 hr) at 55$^{\circ}C$ with 175 rpm catalyzed by sn -1,3 specific IM 60 lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The content of the incorporated CLA increased with the prolonged reaction time, showing 7.5∼9.3 ㏖% in the synthesized SL triacylglycerol molecules from the extracted corn and peanut oil. However, total tocopherol content in SLs decreased up to about 20% compared to the content in extracted oils. Among the CLA isomers, 6.3∼7.5 ㏖% of cis 9,trans 11- and trans 10,cis 12-CLA known as physiologically active compounds are contained in corn and peanut SLs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2010

Korean traditional herbs, especially Anemarrhena asphodeloides (A. asphodeloides), Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), and Terminalia chebula (T. chebula) have been known to have the immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, direct cellular mechanism underlying the mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis-like reaction has poorly been understood. In the present study, the effects of the methanol extracts of A. asphodeloides (MEAA), S. miltiorrhiza (MESM), and T. chebula (METC) on anaphylactic reaction were investigated. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, the influences of MEAA, MESM, and METC on the compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis-like reaction and mast cell activation, and IgEmediated PCA were examined. Results are below; 1) MEAA, MESM, and METC significantly inhibited systemic anaphylaxis-like reaction, ear swelling response, and IgE-mediated PCA. 2) the compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, histamine release of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) were significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with MEAA, MESM, and METC, and 3) the compound 48/80-induced calcium influx in RPMC was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with MEAA, MESM, and METC. These results suggest that MEAA, MESM, and METC may be an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80-induced or anti-DNP IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions by blocking histamine release and calcium uptake into RPMC. MEAA, MESM, and METC potentially may serve as an effective therapeutic tool for allergic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.488-493
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of Perilla frutescens (PF) ethanol extract powder (PF-E30) on the local allergic reaction activated by anti-DNP IgE and the mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions induced by compound 48/80 in a mouse model. One gram of PF powder extracted with 30% ethanol at $80^{\circ}C$ contained 12.3 mg of rosmarinic acid. Oral administration of PF-E30 (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced plasma histamine levels and inhibited histamine release from peritoneal mast cells in mice activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover PF-E30 dose-dependently inhibited the production of antigen-induced IgE. These results indicate that the PF ethanol extract inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (AEAC), a traditional Korean herb for remedying liver disease, for suppression in the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the liver of rat. Level of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased in the serum of LPS-treated rats compared to normal, however, in the rats pretreated with AEAC, the increase of GOT, GPT and LDH value was arrested. More severe histological changes of liver such as cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, Kupffer cell reaction and inflammatory cells infiltration were demonstrated in the rats challenged with LPS compared with normal. Fewer scores of these changes were observed in rats pretreated with AEAC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that while the expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-kBp65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 tended to increase, that of inhibitory (I)-kBa was decreased in the hepatocytes of rats challenged with LPS. A slight decline of NF-kBp65, TNF-$\alpha$ and COX-2, but increase of I-kB$\alpha$ were observed in the hepatocytes of the rats pretreated with AEAC. These results suggest that AEAC may act as a therapeutic agent for liver disease through a regulation of inflammation-related proteins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.741-748
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• 2014

This study was conducted to monitor the quality characteristics of Artemisis capillaris ethanolic extract by response surface methodology. The independent variables were extraction temperature ($X_1$; 60, 70, 80, 90, and $100^{\circ}C$), extraction time ($X_2$; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr), and ethanol concentration ($X_3$; 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%). Soluble solid content ($Y_1$), chlorogenic acid content ($Y_2$), and coumaric acid content ($Y_3$), etc. were analyzed as the dependent variables. Estimated optimal conditions for soluble solids were an extraction temperature of $87.65^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 3.19 hr, and ethanol concentration of 42.40%. The optimal extraction conditions for chlorogenic acid were $84.30^{\circ}C$, 3.14 hr, and 47.85%, respectively. Further, those for coumaric acid were $83.45^{\circ}C$, 3.40 hr, and 45.39%, respectively. Extraction conditions for effective components of Artemisis capillaris were superimposed by response surface plots on optimization extraction condition of each dependent variable, including soluble solid, chlorogenic acid, and coumaric acid contents. As a result, superimposed extraction conditions were $80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 3~4 hr, and 40~50%, respectively. Under these conditions, soluble solid, chlorogenic acid, and coumaric acid contents were 1.09%, 25.66 mg%, and 20.25 mg%, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.849-856
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• 2008

The present study was undertaken to investigate specific immune response of Rubus coreanus Miquel (raspberry) in pig spleen lymphocytes and gene expression induced by the extracts of raspberry using gene chip technology. The 70% ethyl alcohol extracts of raspberry were treated to pig spleen lymphocytes. The extracts of raspberry stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes and increased the population of CD3 & CD4 T-cells and B-cells in pig spleen lymphocytes. The extracts of raspberry improved immune response by increasing the viability of splenocytes. In microarray study we found eight genes were significantly up- regulated by the extracts of raspberry in pig splenocytes, including genes known to be involved in cell structure and immune response, particularly microtubule-associated protein 4, cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain, tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin-beta receptor precursor. However, ten genes were down- regulated by the extracts of raspberry treatment.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 1998

To clarify characteristics of yolk protein of abalone, yolk protein was purified from the ovarian egg extracts of mature female Haliotis discus hannai by a gel chromatography of sepharose CL-4B. From the results of immuno-electrophoresis and Ouchterlony's diffusion test to male and female sera and ovarian egg extracts using antibodies raised against mature female and male sera and male sera and ovarian egg extrascts, it was identified that the mature female serum had female specific serum protein and its antigenecity shared with ovarian egg extracts. A single type of yolk protein was purified from ovarian egg extracts, and it was composed of two subunits. Their molecular weights were estimated to be approximately 166 KDa and 113 KDa by SDSPAGE. The antiserum against yolk proteins cross-reacted with a mature female specific serum protein and extracts of hepatopancreas of vitellogeing females, but did not reacted with extracts of hepatopancreas of mature male.