• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.637-644
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• 2005

This paper describes the numerical simulation of the interaction between longitudinal vortices ("common flow up") and a 3-D turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate To analyze the common flow up Produced from vortex generators. the flow field behind the vortex generators Is modeled by the information that is available from studies on a half-delta winglet. Also. the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation for three-dimensional turbulent flows. together with a two-layer turbulence model to resolve the near-wall flow, is solved by the method of AF-ADI. The computational results predict that the boundary layer is thinned in the regions where the secondary flow is directed toward the wall and thickened where it is directed away from the wall Also. the numerical results. such as Reynolds stresses. turbulent kinetic energy and skin friction characteristics generated from the vortex generators . are reasonably close to the experimental data.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.799-807
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• 2005

The flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by the interaction of a pair of vortices are studied numerically. To analyze the common flow up produced by vortex generators in a rectangular channel flow, the pseudo-compressibility viscous method is introduced into the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation for 3-dimensional unsteady, incompressible viscous flows. To predict turbulence characteristics, a two-layer $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model is used on the flat plate 3-dimensional turbulence boundary The computational results predict accurately Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy and flow field generated by the vortex generators. The numerical results, such as thermal boundary layers, skin friction characteristics and heat transfers, are also reasonably close to the experimental data.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1076-1085
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• 2001

Experimental investigations of the longitudinal vortices, which are produced by wing type vortex generators set up behind a circular cylinder in a rectangular channel, are presented. When the circular cylinder is set up in the rectangular channel, a horseshoe vortex is formed just upsteam of the circular cylinder. It generates a turbulent wake region behind the circular cylinder. Therefore, the region of the pressure loss behind the circular cylinder in increased and the size of the wake is small. These problems can be achieved by longitudinal vortices which are generated by wing-type vortex generator. In order to control the strength of longitudinal vortices, the angle of attack of the vortex generators is varied from 20 degree to 45, but the spacing between the vortex generators is fixed 6cm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity measurements are made using a five-hole probe. The vorticity field and streamwise velocity contour are obtained from the velocity field. The following results are obtained. Circulation strength is the maximum value when the angle of attack($\beta$) is $30^{\circ}$, and the vorticity field and streamwise velocity contour in case of $\beta$=$20^{\circ}$ show the trend similar to these in case of $\beta$=$30^{\circ}$, but do not in case of $\beta$=$45^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.843-852
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• 2000

The flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by interaction of a pair of vortices were studied experimentally. The test facility consisted of a boundary-layer wind tunnel with a vortex introduced into the flow by half-delta winglet protruding from the surface. In order to control the strength of the longitudinal vortices, the angles of attack of the vortex generators were varied from $\pm20\;degree\;to\;\pm45$ degree, but spacings between the vortex generators were fixed to 4 cm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity measurements were made using a five-hole pressure probe. Heat transfer measurements were made using the thermochromatic liquid to provide the local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. By using the method mentioned above, the following conclusions were obtained from the present experiment. The boundary layer was thinned in the regions where the secondary flow was directed toward the wall and thickened where it was directed away from the wall. The peak augmentation of the local heat transfer coefficient occurred in the downwash region near the point of minimum boundary-layer thickness.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2002

Experimental investigations of the flow structure and heat transfer enhancement in a channel with a built-in circular cylinder and a wing-let type vortex generator are presented. Without any vortex generators, relatively low heat transfer takes place in the downstream of the circular cylinder where is a recirculation region with low velocity fluid is formed. However with a wing-let type longitudinal vortex generator in the wake region behind the cylinder, heat transfer in the region can be enhanced. In order to control the strength of longitudinal vortices, the angle of attack of the vortex generators is varied from $20^{circ} to 45^{\circ}$, but spacings between the vortex generations are fixed to be 5 mm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity field downstream of the vortex generator is measured by a five-hole pressure probe, and the hue-capturing method using thermochromatic liquid crystals has been used to provide the local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. The vorticity field and streamwise velocity contour are obtained from the velocity field. Streamwise distributions of averaged Stanton number on the measurement planes show very similar trends for all the experimental cases($\beta=20^{circ}, 30^{circ} and 45^{\circ}$). Circulation strength and heat transfer coefficient have the maximum values when the angle of attack($\beta$) is $30^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.789-798
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• 2005

This paper is a numerical study concerning how the interactions between a pair of the vortices effect flow field and heat transfer. The flow field (common flow down) behind a vortex generator is modeled by the information that is available from studies on a half-delta winglet. Also, the energy equation and the Reynolds-averaged Wavier-Stokes equation for three-dimensional turbulent flows, together with a two-layer turbulence model to resolve the near-wall flow, are solved by the method of AF-ADI. The present results predict that the boundary layer is thinned in the regions where the secondary flow is directed toward the wall and thickened where it Is directed away from the wall. Although some discrepancies are observed near the center of the vortex core, the overall performance of the computational model is found to be satisfactory.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.288-297
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• 2000

This paper describes the results of an experimental investigation of the flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by interaction of a pair of vortices. The test facility consists of a boundary-layer wind tunnel with a vortex introduced into the flow by half-delta wings(vortex generators) protruding from the surface. In order to control the strength of the two longitudinal vortices, the angles of attack of the vortex generators are varied from 20 degree to 45 degree, but spacings between the vortex generators are fixed to 4 cm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity downstream of the vortex generators is measured by a five-hole pressure probe, and the hue-capturing method using the thermochromatic liquid crystals has been used to provide the local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. By using the method mentioned above, the following conclusions are obtained from the present experiment. The boundary layer is thinned in the regions where the secondary flow is directed toward the wall and thickened where it is directed away from the wall. The peak augmentation of the local heat transfer coefficient occurs in the downwash region near the point of minimum boundary-layer thickness. Streamwise distributions of averaged Stanton number on the measurement planes show very similar trends for all the cases(${\beta}=20^{circ},\;30^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.298-305
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• 2000

The flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by interaction of a pair of vortices were studied experimentally. The test facility consisted of a boundary-layer wind tunnel with a vortex introduced into the flow by half-delta wings protruding from the surface. In order to control the strength of the longitudinal vortices, the angles of attack of the vortex generators were varied from - 20 degree to - 45 degree, but spacings between the vortex generators were fixed to 4 cm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity measurements were made using a five-hole pressure probe. Heat transfer measurements were made using the thermochromatic liquid to provide the local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. Unlike common flow down, common flow up vortices moved toward the centerline as they developed and interacted strongly with each other but not with the boundary layer. Spanwise profiles of Stanton number were similar for ${\beta}=-20^{\circ}\;and\;-35^{\circ}$, but not similar for ${\beta}=-45^{\circ}$. The case of ${\beta}=-20^{\circ}\;and\;-35^{\circ}$ showed the two peak Stanton number, but the case of ${\beta}=-45^{\circ}$ showed the only one peak Stanton number.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2002

The effects of the interaction between the flow and temperature field and a boundary layer due to a variety of the height of a vortex generator are experimentally investigated. The test facility consists of a boundary-layer wind tunnel with the vortex generator protruding from the bottom surface. In order to control the strength of the longitudinal vortices, the angle of attack and the spacing distance of the vortex generator are 20 degree and 40 mm, respectively. The height of the vortex generator (H) is 15 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm and the cord length of it is 50 mm. Three-component mean velocity measurements are made using a 5-hole probe system and the surface temperature distribution is measured by the hue capturing method using thermochromatic liquid crystals. By using the method mentioned above, the following conclusions are obtained from the present experiment. The boundary layer is thinned in the downwash region where the strong downflow and the lateral outflow of the boundary layer fluid occur and thickened in the upwash re,3ion where the longitudinal vortex sweeps low momentum fluid away from the bottom surface. In case that the height of the vortex generator increases, the averaged circulation and the maximum vorticity of the vortex pair decrease. The contours of the non-dimensional temperature show the similar trends fur all the cases (H=15 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm). The peak augmentation of the distribution of the local non-dimensional temperature occurs in the downwash region near the point of minimum boundary-layer thickness.