• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2017

본 연구는 무인 헬리콥터의 양력을 개선하기 위한 기초 단계로서 V1505A 및 V2008B 기본 두 익형의 400 mm 블레이드 섹션에 해당하는 모델에 대한 풍동실험을 실시하여 양력, 항력 및 동력특성을 분석하고 CFD 시뮬레이션의 결과와 비교하고 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션은 풍동 실험과 유사하게 설정하기 위하여 400 mm 블레이드 섹션의 양 끝을 벽으로 제한하여 3차원 와류현상을 억제하여 모델을 구성하였고, 시뮬레이션의 결과와 비교하여 모델을 검증하였다. 사용된 모델은 로터로부터 $Re=0.32{\times}10^6$ 영역까지는 aminar 모델을 사용하였으며, 그 이후 영역역(>$Re=0.32{\times}10^6$)은 양력 및 저항의 급격한 변화를 올바로 포착할 수 있다는 S-A 모델을 적용하여 확장하였다. 시뮬레이션의 격자는 유동 현상에 있어 박리로 야기된 와류 현상을 관찰하기 위하여 익형 주변에 접하는 부분에 격자를 집중시켰다. 시뮬레이션 방법은 유속은 36~141 m/s 까지 5 수준으로 하였으며, 받음각은 $0{\sim}16^{\circ}$로 7 수준으로 변화 시키면서 공력계수 및 동력을 분석하였다. 양력분석에 있어 익형 V1505A에 비해 익형 V2008B의 특성이 우수하였으나, 익형 V1505A는 실속 이후 양력이 급격히 떨어지지 않고 유지되는 특성을 보였다. 익형 V2008B는 낮은 받음각에서 높은 공력과 낮은 항력을 나타냈다. 동력 분석 결과로 익형 V1505A의 유도동력은 총 동력의 56~72%를 차지하고, 형상동력은 총 동력의 27~43%를 차지하였다. 익형 V2008B는 유도동력은 총 동력의 66~81%를 차지하고, 형상동력은 총 동력의 18~33%를 차지하였다. 익형 V2008B이 익형 V1505A보다 유도동력은 크며, 형상동력은 적게 나와 상대적으로 효율적이라 할 수 있다. 헬리콥터 동력원의 규모는 법률적인 총중량에 의하여 제한되므로 일반적인 농용 소형 무인 헬리콥터 엔진의 사양인 24.5 kW (32PS)를 적용한다면, 익형 V1505A은 받음각 $8{\sim}10^{\circ}$에서 그리고 익형 V2008B은 $7{\sim}9^{\circ}$정도에서 받음각이 제한되며 이때 총 양력은 1200~1300 N 정도로 예상된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1023-1032
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• 2003

The effect of local forcing on the separated flow over a backward-facing step is investigated through hot-wire measurements and flow visualization with multi-smoke wires. The boundary layer upstream of the separation point is laminar and the Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and the step height is 13800. The local forcing is given from a slit located at the step edge and the forcing signal is always defined when the wind tunnel is in operation. In case of single frequency forcing, the streamwise velocity and the reattachment length are measured under forcing with various forcing frequencies. For the range of 0.010〈S $t_{\theta}$〈0.013, the forcing frequency component of the streamwise velocity fluctuation grows exponentially and is saturated at x/h = 0.75 , while its subharmonic component grows following the fundamental and is saturated at x/h = 2.0. However, the saturated value of the subharmonic is much lower than that of the fundamental. It is observed that the vortex formation is inhibited by the forcing at S $t_{\theta}$ = 0.019 . For double frequency forcing, natural instability frequency is adopted as a fundamental frequency and its subharmonic is superposed on it. The fundamental frequency component of the streamwise velocity grows exponentially and is saturated at 0.5 < x/ｈ < 0.75, while its subharmonic component grows following the fundamental and is saturated at x/ｈ= 1.5 . Furthermore, the saturated value of the subharmonic component is much higher than that for the single frequency forcing and is nearly the same or higher than that of the fundamental. It is observed that the subharmonic component does not grow for the narrow range of the initial phase difference. This means that there is a range of the initial phase difference where the vortex parring cannot be enhanced or amplified by double frequency forcing. In addition, this effect of the initial phase difference on the development of the shear layer and the distribution of the reattachment length shows a similar trend. From these observations, it can be inferred that the development of the shear layer and the reattachment length are closely related to the vortex paring.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.300-309
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• 2017

A spacecraft obtains a reaction momentum required for an orbit correction and an attitude control by exhausting a combustion gas through a small thruster in space. If the exhaust plume collides with spacecraft surfaces, it is very important to predict the exhaust plume behavior of the thruster when designing a satellite, because a generated disturbance force/torque, a heat load and a surface contamination can yield a life shortening and a reduction of the spacecraft function. The purpose of the present study is to ensure the core technology required for the spacecraft design by analyzing numerically the exhaust gas behavior of the 10 N class bipropellant thruster for an attitude control of the spacecraft. To do this, calculation results of chemical equilibrium reaction between a MMH for fuel and a NTO for oxidizer, and continuum region of the nozzle inside are implemented as inlet conditions of the DSMC method for the exhaust plume analysis. From these results, it is possible to predict a nonequilibrium expansion such as a species separation and a backflow in the vicinity of the bipropellant thruster nozzle.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Lambda wing type Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV) which adopts Blended Wing Body(BWB) has relatively less drag and more stealth performance than conventional aircraft. However, Pitching moment is rapidly increased at a specific angle of attack affected by leading edge vortex due to leading edge sweep angle. Wind tunnel testing and numerical analysis were carried out with UCAV 1303 configuration on condition of 50 m/s of flow velocity, $-4^{\circ}{\sim}28^{\circ}$ of the range of angle-of-attack. The effect of wing twist for longitudinal stability at the various angles of attack was verified in this study. When negative twist is applied on the wing, Pitch-break was onset at higher angle of attack due to delayed flow separation on outboard of the wing. On the other hand, pitch-break was onset at lower angle of attack and lift-to-drag ratio was increased when positive twist is applied on the wing.