• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.638-652
• /
• 2012

This study is written by the methods of investigation of references be attached, and includes the background introduced, manufacturing processes, original properties, standards, amounts produced, market situation, ways of applied currently, and policies as a fuel manufactured by biomass on individual countries through the scope of worldwide, especially focused on bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas. It is prepared over multiple angles for the references, who want to getting information and searching desired ways in the future regarding to bioenergy. It is concluded that bioenergy is one of the useful renewable energy, and must to take a step forward by the approaching of multiple points, and finally showed some directions by the way of comparing of the situations and references nowaday.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.441-446
• /
• 2018

Herbaceous biomass is easier at chemical conversion than woody biomass. However, pretreatment must be needed because it has substantially lignin. Organsolv is good at fractionation of enzymatic hydrolysis inhibitors such as lignin and it is reusable by distillation when it has low molecular weight. Flow-through process can prevent recondensation of fractionated components and easily separate liquid from the biomass. In this study, the pretreatment was performed for decreasing additional process by using ethanol without catalyst because this process has a lot of operation expense at bio-alcohol production process. Flow-through pretreatment was performed at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$ with 30~99.5 wt% ethanol during 20~60 minutes. Also the phsyco-chemical pretreatment was performed for decreasing reaction time and temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.594-605
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to analyze GHG (Greenhouse gas) reduction effectiveness and economic feasibility in the wood pellet fuel switching project using JCDM (Japan Clean Development Mechanism) and KVER (Korea Voluntary Emission Reduction)data. The major data for the analyses consist of investment costs, annual GHG reductions, fuel prices and GHG credit prices. The wood pellet fuel switching projects are the $CO_2$-zero projects. Therefore, these projects are essential to accomplish the GHG mitigation target, especially in Korea. In order to raise the economic feasibility of the wood pellet fuel switching project, the results of this study suggest that the Korean government should reduce the price of wood pellet through the supply on a large scale and raise the KCER price of wood pellet fuel switching project.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
• /
• s.377
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2008

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.174.2-174.2
• /
• 2011

최근 유가상승과 석유, 천연가스의 가채 매장량의 한계등과 함께 온실가스에 의한 지구온난화 방지를 위하여 미국, 유럽국가 및 캐나다 등에서는 바이오매스를 이용한 에너지 회수 기술개발에 많은 관심과 연구를 수행하고 있다. 바이오 매스는 에너지 밀도 대비 존재하는 지역이 광범위하여 발생, 수집, 수송에 따른 비용이 많이 소요되는 특성이 있어 산지에서 직접처리하거나 수집하여 대규모처리등과 같이 여러 가지 현장상황에 따라 적정한 플랜트 운용의 유연성을 갖추고 있어야 한다. 일반적으로 바이오매스로부터 중소형으로 분산형 발전이나 수소제조를 위해서는 직접 연소법 보다는 가스화 방식을 이용하고 있는데, 연소에 의해 열을 생산하여 전기를 생산하는 방식은 스팀터빈을 이용하는 것이며, 스팀터빈은 소형 운용이 어렵기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 폐목재로부터 합성가스제조를 위하여 5톤/일 규모 가스화기를 제작하였으며, 타르 및 수트와 같은 미반응 물질을 제거할 수 있는 집진, 세정장치를 설계 및 제작하였다. 또한 합성가스에 함유된 현열로부터 열회수를 위하여 열교환기를 설치하였으며, 정제된 합성가스를 이용하는 가스엔진을 통하여 열병합 발전시스템 연계운전을 수행하였다. 운전 실험을 폐목재 가스화 3톤/일 규모로 수행하였으며, 평균 1,500kcal/$Nm^3$의 발열량을 갖는 합성가스를 생성시킬 수 있었다. 사이클론, 스크러버 및 기수분리 장치를 이용하여 정제된 합성가스는 합성가스 엔진을 통하여 72kW 이상의 전력생산이 가능하였다. 열교환기를 통하여 평균 15,000kcal/h의 배열 회수가 가능하였으며, 바이오매스 가스화 합성가스를 이용한 열병합 발전이 가능함을 입증하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2015

Characteristics of Char-$CO_2$ gasification for petroleum coke, biomass and mixed fuels were compared in the temperature range of $1,100{\sim}1,400^{\circ}C$ using TGA (Thermogravimetric analyzer). Kinetic constants with respect to reaction temperature were determined by using different gas-solid reaction models. Also activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factors ($K_0$) in each models were calculated by using Arrhenius equation and then were compared with experimental values to determine reaction rate equation for char-$CO_2$ gasification. Reaction time for $CO_2$ gasification decreased with an increase of reaction temperature. Also, the activation energy of $CO_2$ gasification reaction for mixture with petroleum coke and biomass decreased with increasing biomass contents. This indicates that mixing with biomass could bring synergy effects on $CO_2$ gasification reaction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.37 no.10
• /
• pp.901-909
• /
• 2013

Owing to the Increasing use of fossil fuels, worldwide concerns over environmental pollution are increasing. As a solution, ligneous biomass has emerged as a promising alternative fuel in recent times. Therefore, in this study, a moisture evaporation model that largely influences the energy density and efficiency of ligneous biomass is studied using a numerical approach. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics are analyzed in terms of torrefaction temperature and moisture fractions in the wood, and the type of wood species. The results show that the temperature and moisture fractions of wood decrease with an increase in the torrefaction temperature. In particular, when the torrefaction temperature is lower than 423K, there were little changes in the moisture fraction in the wood. Furthermore, it was found that charcoal is produced more slowly as the moisture fraction in the wood increases.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2011

Ligneous biomass such as wood pellet is characterized as carbon neutral which has no carbon dioxide emission ; additionally, it can be used as an alternative fuel by co-firing without additional plant reformation as well as for maintaining stability of fuel supply. We can develop CDM project while co-firing by using biomass into conventional coal fired thermal power plant with AM0085 CDM methodology, and it's possible to prove additionality as fuel cost per kWh is higher than bituminous. The study shows that the electricity by biomass can reduce green house emission by $0.6737tCO_2$ per MWh.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.194-201
• /
• 2007

HHV (Higher Heating Value) of biomass fuel is calculated by using ultimate analysis data and has been proposed by using correlation equation, and compared with the experiment the adequacy about each correlation equation with measured HHV and examined. Samples used for experiment are prepared by mixing biomass (i.e. rice husk and sawdust) with organic waste (i.e. polystyrene polypropylene and waste paper) of 10, 30, 50 wt% of composition. Ultimate analysis and measurement of HHV are respectively measured by using KS standard method. The average error value of estimated HHV results is about 880 kJ/kg(about 3.8% of measured HHV). The corresponding correlation coefficients ($R^2$) of experimental result and estimated HHV result are $0.957{\sim}0.996$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1245-1251
• /
• 2011

As a result of the growing livestock industry, varieties of organic solid and waste biomass are be generated in swine breeding and slaughtering stages. Anaerobic digestion is a promising alternative for the treatment of livestock waste biomass, as well as for the material recovery and energy production. Objectives of this study were to analyze the biochemical methane potential of swine waste biomasses that were generated from swine pen and slaughterhouse and to investigate the material recovery and methane yield per head. As pig waste biomass, swine slurry, blood, intestine residue, and digestive tract content were collected for investigation from pig farmhouse and slaughterhouse. The $B_{th}$ (Theoretical methane potential) and $B_0$ (Biochemical methane potential) of swine slurry generating in swine breeding stage were 0.525 and $0.360Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, the ratio of degradation ($B_0/B_{th}$) was 68.6%. $B_{th}$ of blood, intestine residue, and digestive tract content were 0.539, 0.664, and $0.517Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, and $B_0$ were 0.405, 0.213, and $0.240Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, respectively. And the ratio of degradation showed 75.1, 32.1, and 46.4% in blood, intestine residue, and digestive tract content. Material yield of swine waste biomass was calculated as TS 73.79, VS 46.75, TN 5.58, $P_2O_5$ 1.94, and $K_2O$ $2.91kg\;head^{-1}$. And methane yield was $16.58Nm^3\;head^{-1}$. In the aspect that slaughterhouse is a large point source of waste biomass, while swine farmhouse is non-point source, the feasibility of an anaerobic digestion using the slaughtering waste biomass need to be assessed in the economical aspect between the waste treatment cost and the profitable effect by methane production.