• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제44호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

Speech recognition performance is severly degraded under noisy envrionments. One approach to cope with this problem is audio-visual speech recognition. In this paper, we discuss the experiment results of bimodal speech recongition based on enhanced speech feature vectors using lip information. We try various kinds of speech features as like linear predicion coefficient, cepstrum, log area ratio and etc for transforming lip information into speech parameters. The experimental results show that the cepstrum parameter is the best feature in the point of reconition rate. Also, we present the desirable weighting values of audio and visual informations depending on signal-to-noiso ratio.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.756-761
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• 2010

Bimodal trams are run by a guidance system and combine the functions of buses and trains. The trams have been highlighted as an alternative means of public transportation due to their accessibility, mobility, and arrival accuracy. While bimodal trams can be implemented on existing roads or by road expansion, with the narrow road conditions in Korea, studies must be performed in advance on suitable lane and platform locations and the exclusivity of lane use. This paper proposes plans for the location of bimodal tram lanes and platforms, whether in the median or at the road’s edge. In addition, methods of efficient bimodal tram operation are discussed, including the implementation of exclusive tram lanes.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2283-2291
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• 2010

This paper evaluated the effectiveness for the case of it introduced the bimodal tram for the capital area adaptability of the bimodal tram in the limelight as the new transportation means of the next generation for capital area major transportation corridor. The KTDB with 1,142 zones was utilized for the analysis and the major transportation axis around the main road in which the traffic is high. The analysis index selected around the transportation index in which it can show up by the bimodal tram application and the decrease rate of the road traffic density, the travel time change, the carbon emission quantity change, and etc. was chosen as a result. It was analyzed as the axis in which the bimodal tram adaptability effect that it is high with the section this relative including the major analyzed result west AnSan IC~ Songsan Bridge, the SuWon terminal ~ SaDang station, the UiJungBu terminal ~ DoBongSan station, and etc. can be appeared and it was predicted that the travel demand reduction on the road of about 4~6% showed up.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

Recent increases in the road and rail infrastructure, but the urban traffic problems such as accidents, congestion are increasing. The reason is that the high cost and lack of accessibility of railway transportation, the low quality of road services, and efficient transport links, etc.. The developments of a variety of policy and technical means are being performed to solve these problems. Among them, the Bimodal Tram which is combined low-cost of bus and high service quality of railway transportation is attracting attention. In this paper, the development status of technology and efficient utilization of operational and infrastructure elements for the operational efficiency, safety and passenger comfort of Bimodal Tram is studied.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2107-2112
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• 2010

To analyze the effect of temperature on pavement types of dedicated lane, we have performed a temperature monitoring for pavements which were constructed in test track for Bimodal Tram. These pavements classified into four types; natural and artificial lawn, concrete and asphalt. Dedicated lane composed of natural and artificial lawn has a complex structure with concrete slab in contact surface of tires, and with 1m natural or artificial lawn in the middle part of lane. From monitoring results for pavements, dedicated lane with natural lawn shows lower temperature value compared with other dedicated lanes, and it is expected to decrease the heat island effect of conventional road if constructed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1549-1550
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• 2008

KRRI 바이모달 트램은 굴절버스 형태로 모든 차륜이 조향 가능하며 트레일러의 차륜과 트랙터의 후륜이 독립적으로 구동 가능한 시스템이다. 본 논문은 굴절차량용 자동 안내/추진 제어기를 설계하기 위한 차량의 동역학 분석 및 제어기의 성능분석용 Toolbox를 소개한다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집 제20권 2호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2001

립리딩은 잡음 환경 하에서 음성 인식 성능을 향상을 위해 영상정보를 이용한 바이모달(bimodal)음성인식으로 연구되었다[1][2]. 그 일환으로 이미 영상정보를 이용한 립리딩은 구현되었다. 그러나 현재까지의 시스템들은 환경의 변화에 강인하지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 이미지 기반 립리딩 방법을 적용하여 입술 영역을 보다 안정적으로 찾아 성능을 향상 시켰다. 그러나 이 방법은 많은 데이터량을 처리해야 하므로 전처리 과정이 필요하다. 전처리로 입력영상을 그레이 레벨로 변환하는 방법과, 입술을 반으로 접는 방법, 그리고 주성분 분석(PCA: Principal Component Analysis)을 사용하였다. 또한 인식성능 향상을 위해 음성에서 잡음 제거나 분석$\cdot$합성에 효과적인 성능을 보이는 RASTA(Relative Spectral)필터를 적용하여 시간 영역에서의 변화가 적은 성분이나 급변하는 성분, 그 밖의 잡음 등을 제거하였다. 그 결과 $72.7\%$의 높은 인식 성능을 보였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2006-2010
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• 2008

This paper deal with the improvement performance and test result of traction motor for Bimodal low floor vehicles that are CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) hybrid bus. The improvement performance concept of the traction motor is studied in terms of electrical characteristics and mechanical construction. Finally, this paper introduces the result of the traction motor test for low floor vehicles, and mentioned the detail design concept of traction motor.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1128-1130
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• 2008

Bimodal tram is a new public transportation to improve the existing traffic system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental characteristics of the developed bimodal tram through its life cycle. The used tool was life cycle assessment (LCA), which could evaluate environmental loads quantitatively for a product. Based on bill of material (BOM), the environmental impacts of bimodal tram was calculated from manufacturing to operating phase. Among impact categories, photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP) was the highest, which was resulted from the manufacturing and the combustion of CNG used as a fuel of bimodal tram. In the future, the application of LCA results can enhance increasingly the environment of bimodal tram as an environmental-friendly transportation.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1968-1977
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• 2008

A bimodal low-floor tram is designed to provide the flexibility of bus and the punctuality of trains together to the passengers. Its propulsion system is a series hybrid type using a set of CNG engine generator and Li-polymer battery. The present paper describes the specifications of the propulsion system in the bimodal tram which was drawn by a desirable driving cycle. In addition, it shows how the propulsion system of the bimodal tram can be controlled. With using a computer simulation tool of hybrid vehicles, ADVISOR, the performance of the bimodal tram was verified.