• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2002

The usefulness of oligonucleotide DNA chip was evaluated for detection and primary level identification of major waterborne viruses in environmental samples. The enteric waterborne viruses included enterovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. Total intracellular RNA of 10 BGM cell plates showing virus-specific cytopathic effects was extracted at the third day after inoculation. The intracellular RNA was then subjected to either enterovirus-specific RT-PCR followed by sequencing analysis, or the DNA chip. Seven out of 10 positive samples in cell culture were positive but the other three sample were turned out to be negative by both RT-PCR and DNA chip analyses. Nucleotide sequencing results and the DNA chip hybridization results of the RT-PCR product were in complete agreement in the identification of the 7 positive samples as enteroviruses. Using the DNA chip, it took only 3∼4 hr to complete detection and primary level identification of target viruses and additional procedures such as gel electrophoresis or nucleotide sequencing were not necessary. We believe that the DNA chip system can be employed as a highly effective and new detection methodology for environmental viruses.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 1992

We investigated effects of several chemical carcinogens, i.e., $benzo({\alpha})pyrene$ (BP),7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), nitrosomethyl urea (NMU), and nicotine on the replication, cytolyticity, DNA synthesis, and protein synthesis of type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in viral infected Vero cell monolayers. We observed that the BP and DMBA did not show such activity. All chemical carcinogens did not inhibit the synthesis of viral DNA, but the expression of gamma viral proteins that are expressed from the newly synthesized progeny viral DNA was somewhat notably inhibited by BP and DMBA. However, the synthesis of alpha and beta viral proteins was not altered by the chemical carcinogens. These data indicate that the gamma viral proteins expressed from the newly synthesized DNA in the presence of chemical carcinogens in the culture medium may be defective. This is further supported by the fact that the virus fail to replicate in the presence of these chemical carcinogens, in spite of viral DNA and proteins are somewhat normally synthesized.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2007

According to the Baltimore Scheme, viruses are classified into 6 main classes based on their replication and coding strategies. Except for some small DNA viruses, most viruses code for their own polymerases: DNA-dependent DNA, RNA-dependent RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, all of which contain 4 common motifs. We undertook a phylogenetic study to establish the relationship between the Baltimore Scheme and viral polymerases. Amino acid sequence data sets of viral polymerases were taken from NCBI GenBank, and a multiple alignment was performed with CLUSTAL X program. Phylogenetic trees of viral polymerases constructed from the distance matrices were generally consistent with Baltimore Scheme with some minor exceptions. Interestingly, negative RNA viruses (Class V) could be further divided into 2 subgroups with segmented and non-segmented genomes. Thus, Baltimore Scheme for viral taxonomy could be supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of viral polymerases.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2000

We have cloned and analyzed cDNA coding for non-virion (NV) protein of the m V - P R T The NV gene contained 336 bp open readmg frame and encoded a protein of 11 1 amino acids with a molecular weight of 13.2 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of NV of IHNVPRT was found to be 90-95% identical to those of foreign isolates of IHNV. These results indicate that NV gene of the MNV is highly conserved among &ifferent strains of THNV Northern blot analyses revealed that the levels of NV gene expression were strongly elevated after 20 h post-infection. In order to identify the role of NV in the replication of MNV in fish cells, IHNVinfected cells were treated with antisense oligonucleotides. While IHNV-PRT exposed to glycoprotein (G) antisense oligonucleotide showed severely reduced growth, the growth of virus exposed to NV antisense oligonucleotide was not affected by NV antisense oligonucleotide, which suggests that NV is not essential for replication of IHNV in fish cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 1992

Potyvirus group is the largest group among plant virus groups and damages severely plant hosts upon infectiQn. In order to investigate the mechanism by which potyviruses induce disease in plants, a cDNA clone 29-6 which is cOIlsidered to be a cDNA clone for garlic mosaic virus (GMV) was isolated. It did not hybridize to garlic latent virus genome, which is one of two major garlic viruses. Northern blot analysis shows that the genome size of garlic mosaic virus was about 9 kb. Clone 29-6 strongly hybridizes to poly(A) RNA isolated from garlic leaves, suggesting that GMV RNA is polyadenylated as other potyviruses. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA clones overlapping with clone 29-6 showed that garlic plants are infected with various strains of garlic mosaic virus which are closely related to each other. other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.67-69
• /
• 1995

reverse transcription은 AIDS를 일으킨다고 알려진 바이러스인 HIV-1의 번식에는 필수적이나 인체 세포에는 필수적이 아니기에 이 단계를 표적으로 하는 AIDS 치료제가 우선적으로 개발되었다. 그 단계에 필요한 효소가 바이러스에 의해 만들어진 RT이며 이 효소의 작용을 저해하는 nucleoside 유도체들인 AZT, DDC, DDI 들이 현재 AIDS 환자의 치료에 사용되고 있다. 이들 nucleoside 유도체들은 세포안으로 들어가 triphosphate 형태로 변화된 후 dNTP와 상경적으로 경쟁하며 합성 중인 바이러스의 DNA에 들어가 DNA의 합성을 정지시켜 바이러스의 증식을 억제한다. 그러나, 이들 nucleoside 유도체들은 치료용량에서 심한 독성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 장기 투여시 내성을 나타내는 바이러스가 생겨나 AIDS의 치료를 불가능하게 하고 있다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.218-223
• /
• 1995

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from the oriental tobacco budworm larvae, Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee) was characterized by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE, restriction endonuclease analysis and cross infectivity. The shape of a polyhedron was $1.0\mu\textrm{m}$ in average with icosahdral outline, and the virus particle was $65nm\times300nm$ in average with rod-shape. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was contained a single nucleocapsid within a viral envelope embedded in a polyhedron. The polyhedral protein was composed of a single polypeptide with a M.W. of 31 Kd. The genome size of the virus by restriction endonuclease analysis was about 120 Kb. Among several nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Helicoverpa assulta (HaNPV) and Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) were infected the oriental tobacco budworm larvae.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2017

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are fossil viruses that began to be assimilated into the human genome some 30~40 million years ago, and now constitute nearly 8% of the human genome. These ancient retroviruses have since accumulated mutations that have rendered them defective; thus, they have been termed junk DNA. However, recent research indicates that not all HERVs remain silent passengers. Although they have not been shown to be causative of any human disease, endogenous retroviral sequences may become expressed under select pathological circumstances such as neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), schizophrenia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpesvirus; and multiple types of cancers. This review focused on the possible interactions of HERVs and neurological diseases.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 1992

The cDNA of RNA segment coding for VP7 of human rotavirus isolated from patient's stool at Seoul area was synthesized, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, field in with Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I and cloned into pUC19. The cDNA sequence was determined and compared with that of VP7 coding RNA segments of group A rotaviruses isolates in foreign country. Over 90% sequence homology was found with serotyppe I sepcific WA1 and RE9 strains. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences within the two variable regions (amino acid residue 87 through 101 and 208 through 221) with WA1 and RE9 strains also showed high degree of sequence similarity with each other.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2003

To investigate the relationship of endogenous retroviruses in peccaries and pigs, a set of degenerate primers was used in this study to amplify peccary retroviral sequences. The sequences of two putative retroviral clones showed close homology to mouse and pig retroviral sequences. The peccary endogenous retroviral sequences are significant in that they are the first such sequences reported in peccary species and repudiate old claims in the literature that peccaries do not have C-type retroviral sequences.