• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 2012

The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) is one of the most important rice pests in Republic of Korea because it damages rice plants not only by sap-sucking but also by transmitting Rice stripe virus (RSV). Outbreaks of RSV are closely related to outbreaks of the small brown planthopper (SBPH). Therefore, it is very important to control SBPH for the management of RSV. Mass-migrating SBPH collected by aerial net traps in June 2011 at Taeanup, Geunheungmyon and Gonammyon in Taeangun were examined for virus carrier status and effects of the pesticide, 'Myungtaja', on the control of RSV. Among 1,217 SBPH trapped, about 7.7% were detected as RSV positive and 4.4% were positive for Rice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV) by RT-PCR. After the mass migration, pesticide 'Myungtaja' was sprayed once or twice on rice fields and compared to untreated fields. The incidence of RSV was not affected by the frequency of spraying 'Myungtaja' but was influenced by the time of pesticide treatment. Myungtaja' treatment within 5-7 days after mass migration resulted in the most efficient RSV control, resulting in RSV incidence decreased by 87.6% compared to the control. Therefore, we conclude that pesticide spraying for RSV control was most effective when it was done within 5-7 days after mass migration.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2009

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a basic multifunctional protein which has been reported to be a serine phosphoprotein with yet-identified functions. As a first step towards understanding the general role of N protein phosphorylation during virus replication, the non-phosphorylated mutant N gene was constructed by mutating all serine residues to alanine. This recombinant N protein was identified to be unphosphorylated, confirming that serine residues truly function as core amino acids responsible for N protein phosphorylation. The PRRSV N protein has been shown to possess the biological features of nuclear localization and N-N homodimerization which individually play critical roles in virus infection. In the present study, therefore, it was attempted to investigate whether these two properties of the N protein are modulated by its phosphorylation status. However, experimental results showed that the non-phosphorylated N protein was still present in the nucleus and nucleolus, and was able to associate with itself by non-covalent interactions. Taken together, the data suggest phosphorylation-independent regulation of N protein nuclear transport or oligomerization, thereby implying the potential involvement of phosphorylation in regulating the activities of the N protein at other levels including RNA-binding capacity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2011

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes acute enteritis with lethal watery diarrhea resulting in a high mortality rate in piglets. As with the other members of group 1 coronaviruses, PEDV also utilizes the host aminopeptidase N (APN) as the major cellular receptor for entry into target cells. The coronavirus spike (S) protein is known to interact with the cellular surface for viral attachment and the S1 domain of all characterized coronaviruses contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD) that mediates a specific high-affinity interaction with their respective cellular receptors. Although the RBDs of several coronaviruses have been mapped, the location of the PEDV RBD has to date not been defined. As a first step toward the identification of the region of the S protein of the PEDV that is critical for recognition with the cellular receptor, we generated a series of S1-truncated variants and examined their abilities to bind to the porcine APN (pAPN) receptor. Our data indicate that the N-terminus of the S1 domain is required for pAPN association. The results from the present study may assist in our understanding of the molecular interactions between the PEDV S protein and the pAPN receptor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.245-248
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• 2014

Trafficking of viral glycoproteins to the cell surface results in syncytium formation in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). An extract from the medicinal Areca catechu L plant inhibited not only syncytium formation, but also trafficking of the hemagglutinin-neuramidase (HN) glycoprotein to the cell-surface. The viral glycoprotein was processed within the endoplasmic reticulum during transit to the cell membrane. Fungal extracts showed inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}10{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. These results suggested that A. catechu L. extracts inhibited the cell-surface expression of NDV-HN glycoprotein without significantly affecting HN glycoprotein synthesis in NDV-infected BHK cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM), produced by decellularization from human cadaveric skin, has been used for various biomedical applications. A manufacturing process for ADM ($SureDerm^{TM}$) using tri-n-butyl phospahate (TnBP) and deoxycholic acids as the decellularization solution has been developed. The manufacturing process for $SureDerm^{TM}$ has 70% ethanol treatment and ethylene oxide gas sterilization for inactivating infectious microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the 70% ethanol treatment, decellularization process using 0.1% TnBP and 2% deoxycholic acids, and EO gas sterilization process in the inactivation of viruses. A variety of experimental model viruses for human pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), bovine herpes virus (BHV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) were all selected for this study. Enveloped viruses such as HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment. However HAV and PPV showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment with the log reduction factors of 1.85 and 1.15, respectively. HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by decellularization process. All the viruses tested were completely inactivated to undetectable levels by EO gas treatment. The cumulative log reduction factors of HIV-1, BHV, BVDV, HAV, and PPV were $\geq12.71$, $\geq18.08$, $\geq14.92$, $\geq6.57$, and $\geq7.18$, respectively. These results indicate that the production process for $SureDerm^{TM}$ has a sufficient virus-reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of the virus safety.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2015

2014년 1월 16일 2년 8개월 만에 발생한 고병원성 AI가 여전히 산발적으로 국내에 발생하고 있는 상황에 따라 농림축산식품부는 지난 17일 오전 6시부터 18일 오후 6시까지 36시간 동안 전국단위의 일시이동중지(Stand-still)를 발령하고 일제소독 등 방역작업을 하였다. 한편, 경기도 여주시의 산란계농장(30만 수)에서 고병원성 AI 확진판정을 받았고 최근 나이지리아 산란계 및 육계농장에서 H5형 고병원성 AI가 발생했다는 OIE의 긴급보고가 있었다. 또한, 국내 철새도래지의 야생철새 분변에서도 AI바이러스가 검출되고 있는 상황이다. AI 최근 동향을 살펴보고 농가에서 자율적으로 실천할 수 있는 방역활동 내용을 요약 정리하였다.

• 정보보호뉴스
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• s.129
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• pp.27-29
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• 2008

정보보호 부서 이동 후 새로운 업무를 이해하는 것만으로 한 달을 소비한 김 대리. 그렇다고 성과가 전혀 없던 것은 아니었다. 어떤 웹 사이트가 유용한 정보를 제공하고 있는지 알게 됐고, 악성코드나 바이러스처럼 간혹 언론매체를 통해 접했던 정보보호 관련 용어가 더 이상 낯설지 않게 됐다. 무엇보다 '환상'기업의 보안관으로서 어떤 활동을 해야 할 것인지를 이해했다는 점에서 김 대리에게 지난 한 달은 의미있는 시간이었다. 하지만 이제 막 한숨을 돌린 김 대리는 또 다른 난관에 봉착했다. 경영진으로부터 환상기업의 정보보호 수준을 수치화해 보고하라는 지시가 내려온 것이다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.33 no.8 s.382
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• pp.155-157
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• 2001

닭의 면역억제성 질병은 많은 종류가 알려져 있으며, 새로운 병원체에 의한 또는 기존의 바이러스나 세균의 변이에 의한 면역억제성 질병의 유발 가능성은 향상되고 있다. 또한 닭은 생리학적과 해부구조학적으로 계란을 통한 병원체의 전파, 소위 난계대성전염이 가능하다. 일반적으로 면역억제성 질병은 특이한 증상이 없이 준임상형 감염으로 나타나지만 경제적으로는 크나큰 피해를 일으킨다. 그러나 불행하게도 준임상형 면역억제성질병에 의한 피해는 현격히 눈에 띄지 않으므로 양계산업에 주목을 받지 못하고 있는 것이 전세계적으로 나타나는 공통적인 현상이다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 2015

지난 9월 4일 AI 위기단계를 경계에서 관심으로 하향조정하고 전국에 걸쳐 설정되었던 방역대 및 이동제한조치를 해제하면서 AI 종식을 눈앞에 뒀지만 9월 24일 전남 영암 육용오리에서 또 다시 고병원성 AI가 발생하였고 현재까지도 간헐적으로 발생하고 있는 상황이다. 철새도래지역의 야생철새 분변에서는 AI 바이러스가 검출되고 있고 최근 미국, 캐나다에서 고병원성 AI가 추가 발생보고 됨에 따라 축산관계자의 해외여행시 각별한 주의가 필요한 상황이다. 2014년도 AI 발생사례(추정)를 통해 대응방안 및 방역실천요령을 살펴보자.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.134-144
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• 2001

정보화시대의 현대인들에게 디지털정보에 대한 접근과 또는 노출은 이미 일상이 되어가고 있는 실정이다. 많은 정보들은 손쉽고 보다 빠르게 이동, 처리되고 있다. 이러한 빠른 업무처리와 편리한 정보접근이라는 디지털 정보의 이점과 동시에 디지털 정보에 대한 역기능문제가 발생되고 있다. 시스템 해킹, 컴퓨터 바이러스, 스팸멜, 사이버스토킹등 정보화의 발전과 함께 발생된 역기능들의 최근 증가 현황과 유형을 알아보고 그 대처방안으로 개인적 대처방안, 정책적 대처방안을 제시 한다.