• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.337-360
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• 2008

Since the Cold war, many countries in the world have reduced the number of their military personnel. However, it is also factual that regional conflicts have been incessantly occurring around the world. In turn, specific governmental policies are also needed in certain countries. Recently, a resolution growingly accepted in the advanced countries is the outsourcing of the resources and services of private military companies, which benefits for governments to manage their military force efficaciously. The utilization of private military force, however, may potentially generate ethical and practical issues because of the non-specified international codes to regulate private military companies, the political misuse of private personnel without concerning the loss of public military employees in danger zones, the safety of private personnel in the field, and the possibility of genocide. Prior to accept a private military companies which may be adequate in the environment of the Korean military, it is necessary to review previous cases of foreign countries. In addition, it is also needed to determine the plausible boundaries of the operation of private military companies with taking into consideration of the situations of the Korean military and private business. Finally, the systemic governmental support is requested in order to foster the business of private military.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.149-161
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• 2018

The private military company(PMC) or the private military industry may be one of the most important, but little understood developments in security studies to have taken place over the last decade. This new industry, where firms not only supply the goods of warfare, but rather fulfill many of the professional service functions, is not only significant to the defence community, but has wider ramifications for global politics and warfare. The private military industry emerged in the early 1990s. Its underlying cause was the confluence of three momentous dynamics - the end of the Cold War and the vacuum this produced in the market of security, transformations in the nature of warfare, and the normative rise of privatization. In order to introduce MPFs(Military Provider Firms) into Korea, where in principle private citizens are prohibited to own a gun, unlike the United States, a special law should be enacted which allows them to possess weapons and fight in combat. Therefore, the National Assembly of Korea has been submitting and discussing "the Act on the Prevention and Conduction of Practice of Piracy" since 2014.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.3_1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

After the Cold War, obligations of nation are expanded to 'Comprehensive Security' that caring citizens' safety and welfare in addition to national defense. Major nations are competing to revolutionize their army to be prepared for various threats. Major nations, including United States and United Kingdom, are tend to adopting and using PMCs eagerly. The size of PMC market estimated around 70 billion euro and growing rapidly. Korea has to adopt PMCs for building military force and operating efficiency while driving 'Military Reform 2030'. Adopting PMCs in Korea can be considered as followings reflecting security situation. So, Korean army must consider implementing and adopting PMCs in order to building army force and attaining efficiency and preparing for the N orth Korean threat and various security risks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.777-786
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• 2009

In recent, the ships of the Republic of Korea have been suffered from acts of piracy at the seas. With the increase of the threats from the acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships, some of the countries have dispatched their navy warships to the international waters and to carry out military operation against the pirates. However, the total eradication of the piracy has not been achieved due to the lack of international cooperation and the limitation of the international maritime convention itself. In addition, the absence of counter-measures to be taken by the ships itself including the employment of the professional maritime security forces should not be overlooked. In this connection, this paper examined the reality of the piracy together with armed robberies at the seas and the problems in the response were also analyzed. Based on the research, it suggested some possible measures with special reference to the private security. The limitation of this paper is that it only focus on the aspect of the private security. In this paper, the cooperation among the countries according to the maritime convention and internationally accepted norms and practices. To achieve the goals of this paper, through the comparative review of the related literatures, the practical measures applicable to the prevention of the piracy were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2015

군사용으로 먼저 개발되어 시장을 형성했지만, 드론의 제작이 많아지면서 소비자 시장이 급속도로 확대되고 있다. 최근 중국의 DJI는 기업가치 100억 달러 이상을 넘볼 정도로 급성장 하였고, 드론용 소프트웨어나 플랫폼을 확보한 스타트업 기업들에 대한 투자도 활발하게 진행중이다. 구글이나 페이스북, 아마존 등 자사의 서비스 강화를 위한 목적으로 드론 기술을 적극적으로 활용하고 있으며, 드론의 시장 확대에 따른 드론 시장 생태계도 크게 확장하고 있다. 향후 민간용 드론 시대가 도래 할 것이라고 예상하고 있다. 이에 맞춰, 본 논문에서는 민간용 드론의 국내 외 활용사례 중심으로 살펴보고, 민간용 드론 시대를 대비하여 국내 대응 방안을 제시해보고자 한다.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-103
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• 2016

The Korean Army has to construct a system that will enable it to cope immediately with the flexible military relationships in Northeast Asia by systematizing and improving the efficiency of operations. These improvements include building a smart and strong army, concentrating on cost-effective combat skills, maximizing the utilization of private resources, and establishing a military structure based on information and technology. Accordingly, this study proposes solutions to solve the problems affecting the success of outsourcing in the defense industry. Unlike outsourcing in other government ministries, outsourcing in the national defense sector may be unrealistic because this strategy is related to the renovation project of the Ministry of the National Defense. In general, the objective of outsourcing in the defense industry, similar to other businesses, is to improve efficiency and not to reduce troops and national defense budget. Several factors, such as identification and security guarantee, risk reduction, cost saving, quality improvement, the reliability of enterprise, and professional technology, are necessary to ensure outsourcing success in the national defense sector. In terms of effectiveness, the improvement in service quality significantly influences outsourcing success in the national defense sector. Eventually, the national defense forces must be strengthened to prevent the provocative actions of North Korea and other threats by improving identification, sense of national security, and quality unlike the current outsourcing of the government, as well as emulating German GEBB or PMC, which utilizes social capital.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.9
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• pp.283-311
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• 2011

The Republic of Korea, ranked as the 5th military power according to the size of its ground troops, discharges more than 200,000 manpower to the society annually; more than 13,000 of them are officers. The re-employment rate of discharged military personnels, who experience early retirement of 5 to 15 years compared to general public officers, is very low, only amounting to 53.2%. On the other hand, major developed countries exhibit great national scale of effort to take responsibility in helping the settlement of the soldiers who have dedicated their career for their countries. The re-employment rate amounts to 94%. Fully acknowledging such disparity, this paper examines various policies on discharged members support of developed countries, and aims to suggest developmental model on employment support designed for discharged members in the Republic of Korea.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.7-28
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• 2004

This paper is to introduce the foreign civil military enterprise system and to suggest a plan to improve the employment rate of the discharged soldiers who served for a long term and the welfare of soldiers highly. At first, Military Professional Resources Inc., Dyncorp Inc. and Cubic Inc. of the United States, Sandline International Inc. of England and ATCO Frontec Inc. and Ednoonton Inc. of Canada are introduced in this paper. And also, this paper is to analyze employment conditions and difficulties of the discharged soldiers and suggest to establish a institute of tentatively named 'Korean Civil Military Enterprise' in terms of the Government and the Department of Defense. This civil military enterprise is to plan and manage military projects, to research and develop drill manuals and military doctrines and policies and to evaluate and manage the military training. As a pattern of civil military enterprises, three types of Military Support, Military Consulting and Military Provider are presented. Moreover, in order to advance the civil military enterprise, diverse training programs(for public civil investigators, guard advisors, special security guards and security staffs) to utilize all sorts of special military fields are developed.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2016

전 세계적으로 드론에 대한 관심이 급격히 커지면서 많은 국가에서 드론을 미래 전략산업의 하나로 주목하고 있으며 드론 관련 기술에 대한 연구개발과 활용을 위해 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 기술개발 투자와 규제해소를 위한 법 정비 등 국내 여건이 미비한 상황에서 군사용 무인항공기 강국인 미국은 국가공역체계 안에서 드론 법제화 정립을 진행하고 있으며, 중국 등 몇몇 국가의 기업들은 초소형 민간 드론 시장에서 강력한 경쟁력을 보이고 있다. 드론 기술의 발전과 시장이 확대되기 위해서는 공공드론의 역할이 매우 중요하다. 기술적 법적 제약이 적지 않은 환경에서 공공분야의 드론 활용은 기술 개발과 수요증대를 동시에 자극 할 수 있는 촉매제가 될 수 있기 때문이다. 본 고에서는 미래 수요 증가의 한 축으로 기대되는 드론의 공공임무 활용부문에 대한 분석과 나아갈 방향을 제시한다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.18
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• pp.135-183
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• 2003

Aerospace force is a determining factor in a modem war. The combat field is expanding to space. Thus, the legitimacy of establishing aerospace force is no longer an debating issue, but "how should we establish aerospace force" has become an issue to the military. The standard limiting on the military use of space should be non-aggressive use as asserted by the U.S., rather than non-military use as asserted by the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union's argument is not even strongly supported by the current Russia government, and realistically is hard to be applied. Thus, the multi-purpose satellite used for military surveillance or a commercial satellite employed for military communication are allowed under the U.S. principle of peaceful use of space. In this regard, Air Force may be free to develop a military surveillance satellite and a communication satellite with civilian research institute. Although MTCR, entered into with the U.S., restricts the development of space-launching vehicle for the export purpose, the development of space-launching vehicle by the Korea Air Force or Korea Aerospace Research Institute is beyond the scope of application of MTCR, and Air Force may just operate a satellite in the orbit for the military purpose. The primary task for multi-purpose satellite is a remote sensing; SAR sensor with high resolution is mainly employed for military use. Therefore, a system that enables Air Force, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute, and Agency for Defense Development to conduct joint-research and development should be instituted. U.S. Air Force has dismantled its own space-launching vehicle step by step, and, instead, has increased using private space launching vehicle. In addition, Military communication has been operated separately from civil communication services or broadcasting services due to the special circumstances unique to the military setting. However, joint-operation of communication facility by the military and civil users is preferred because this reduces financial burden resulting from separate operation of military satellite. During the Gulf War, U.S. armed forces employed commercial satellites for its military communication. Korea's participation in space technology research is a little bit behind in time, considering its economic scale. In terms of budget, Korea is to spend 5 trillion won for 15 years for the space activities. However, Japan has 2 trillion won annul budget for the same activities. Because the development of space industry during initial fostering period does not apply to profit-making business, government supports are inevitable. All space development programs of other foreign countries are entirely supported by each government, and, only recently, private industry started participating in limited area such as a communication satellite and broadcasting satellite, Particularly, Korea's space industry is in an infant stage, which largely demands government supports. Government support should be in the form of investment or financial contribution, rather than in the form of loan or borrowing. Compared to other advanced countries in space industry, Korea needs more budget and professional research staff. Naturally, for the efficient and systemic space development and for the prevention of overlapping and distraction of power, it is necessary to enact space-related statutes, which would provide dear vision for the Korea space development. Furthermore, the fact that a variety of departments are running their own space development program requires a centralized and single space-industry development system. Prior to discussing how to coordinate or integrate space programs between Agency for Defense Development and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute, it is a prerequisite to establish, namely, "Space Operations Center"in the Air Force, which would determine policy and strategy in operating space forces. For the establishment of "Space Operations Center," policy determinations by the Ministry of National Defense and the Joint Chief of Staff are required. Especially, space surveillance system through using a military surveillance satellite and communication satellite, which would lay foundation for independent defense, shall be established with reference to Japan's space force plan. In order to resolve issues related to MTCR, Air Force would use space-launching vehicle of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Moreover, defense budge should be appropriated for using multi-purpose satellite and communication satellite. The Ministry of National Defense needs to appropriate 2.5 trillion won budget for space operations, which amounts to Japan's surveillance satellite operating budges.