• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2018

In this study, we compared 8th graders' macroscopic and microscopic conceptions related to the properties of substances. A test for the basic particle concept and a test for the macroscopic and microscopic concepts of melting point, solubility, and density were developed and administered to 371 students. Their responses were classified into 4 categories on the bases of their understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic concepts. The proportions and characteristics of each category were also analyzed. The analyses of the results revealed that the students who understood the macroscopic concepts had various misconceptions at the microscopic level. Many students had difficulty in understanding not only microscopic concepts but macroscopic concepts. The microscopic responses of the students who did not understand the macroscopic concepts hardly corresponded with their macroscopic level responses. The students who responded correctly to the test for the basic particle concept also had difficulty in understanding the concept of the properties of substances. When they understood the macroscopic concepts, the proportions of the students who understood the microscopic concepts were high. On the bases of the results, educational implications for effective teaching and learning of concepts related to the properties of substances and for improving the future national curricular are discussed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.26-36
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• 2020

The use of existing macroscopic research of pedestrian behavior on the walking link as data is limited in determining an individual pedestrian's moving route and the level of service. In macroscopic studies, it is difficult to make quantitative indices, such as pedestrian flow rate, occupied space, density, and speed for determining the level of service on pedestrian roads. Therefore, the microscopic pedestrian route is required to establish appropriate pedestrian policies. In this study, the Yeok-Sam subway station network was examined using a micro-simulation VISSIM, which was then calibrated and validated statistically. The Pedestrian Road's Level of Service of Yeok-Sam subway station area was evaluated using the pedestrian speed as the evaluating index on the Korean highway capacity handbook.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.563-568
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• 1998

응용시스템 개발생산성에 대한 연구는 지금까지 프로그래머의 생산성이라는 미시적 수준에 그치는 경향을 보여왔으며 시스템개발 생명주기의 전반적 영향에 중점을 둔 거시적수준의 생산성의 개념으로 확대되지 못해왔다. 더욱이 그들의 생산성 측정은 미시적 측정단위를 사용함으로써 조직 내 응용시스템 개발요구의 백로그의 증가라는 거시적 문제 해결과는 거리가 있어왔다. 본 연구는 정보시스템 조직의 생산성 향상에 기여할 수 있는 도구 및 방법이 실무적으로 어떻게 사용되고 있고 그 효과가 어느 정도인지를 관찰하는 탐색적 연구로써 응용 시스템 개발 생산성에 기술적 방법과 관리적 방법을 거시적 생산성 향상의 관점에서 분석하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.9-22
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• 2002

고속도로-연결로는 두 개의 교통흐름이 서로 상충되는 지점으로서 복잡한 교통행태를 나타내고 고속도로 구간 중 용량저하 및 교통와해현상, 난류현상이 일어나는 구간으로서 운영상 문제점이 많이 일어나고 있는 상태이다. 이 구간에서의 운영상태가 전체 시설물의 운영상태에 큰 영향을 끼친다는 점을 감안할 때, 이 구간의 국내자료를 토대로 한 교통류 분석은 중요한 의미를 가진다. 따라서, 교통행태에 대한 미시적인 분석이 이루어지지 않은 상태로 기존의 HCM 모형과 같은 거시적인 분석 방법만을 가지고는 분류구간 교통현상을 규명하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구들 분석방법의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 고속도로-연결로 구간중 유출부 구간을 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였고, 지점(구간)과 차로로 세분하여 미시적인 방법으로 교통특성을 규명하였다. 또 한 유출부 구간의 여러 지점에서 지점 및 차로별 교통량을 예측할 수 있는 교통분포 모형식을 개발하였다. 정립된 교통분포 모형식을 적용해 본 결과 유출부 구간의 분석 및 서비스 수준의 평가는 연결로 접속차로(Vl)의 교통량만을 고려하여 분석하는 것은 합리적이지 않고, 연결로나 본선 모두와 진입부를 포함한 연결로 전체를 다 고려해야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 미시적인 분석방법을 통한 차로별 교통분포 모형식은 기존 분석방법과 비교하여 더 정확하게 그리고 폭 넓은 분석 및 적용하기에 손쉬운 모형이라는 점에서 상당히 효과적인 분석방법이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 본 연구의 결과는 한 조사지점에 대한 적은 자료를 토대로 하였기 때문에 실제적용 가능성에서 향후 보강할 필요가 있으며, 다른 지점의 현장조사와 세밀한 비교연구가 필요하다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2015

This study aims to design and implement a traffic model that can simulate the traffic behavior on the microscopic level by using the GIS. In the design of the model, the vehicle in the simulation environment recognizes the GIS road centerline data as road network data reflecting number of lanes, speed limit and so on. In addition, the behavior model was designed by dividing functions into the environmental perception model, time headway distribution model, car following model, and lane changing model. The implemented model was applied to Jahamun-road of Jongno-gu district to verify the accuracy of the model. As a result, the simulation results on the Jahamun-road had no great error compared with the actual observation data. In the aspect of usability of model, it is judged that this model will be able to effectively contribute to analysis of amount of carbon emission by traffic, evaluation of traffic flow, plans for location of urban infrastructure and so on.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1998

응용시스템 개발생산성에 대한 연구는 지금까지 프로그래머의 생산성이라는 미시적 수준에 그치는 경향을 보여왔으며 시스템개발 생명주기의 전반적 영향에 중점을 둔 거시적 수준의 생산성의 개념으로 확대되지 못해왔다. 본 연구에서는 거시적 수준의 응용시스템 개발생산성에 초점을 맞추어 생산성 측정치들을 검토하고 또 다양한 생산성 향상 방법을 비교하는데 그 목적이 있다. 응용시스뎀 개발 백로그가 Nolan의 정보시스템의 확장 단계에 구분없이, 또한 기타의 컴퓨팅 활동들로 특징지워지는 다양한 정보기술 환경을 가진 조직들 내에서 널리 퍼져 있는 것으로 본 연구결과에 나타났다. 또한 본 연구 결과는 '거시적/관리적 차원의 접근이 응용시스템 개발생산성 향상을 통한 개발 백로그의 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이다' 라는 일차적 가설을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 오늘날의 정보시스템 관리자들은 생산성 향상을 위하여 미시적/기술적 차원의 접근방법에 주력하는 경향을 보이고 있으나, 본 연구를 통하여 거시적/관리적 차원의 접근방법과 도구의 사용에 더 많은 노력을 기울임으로써 균형잡힌 정보관리정책을 갖게 되기를 바란다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.731-738
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the understandings of science high school students on the conception of chemical cell in relation to chemical equilibrium from the microscopic viewpoint at molecular level through questionnaires and follow-up interviews. The results show that they have high understandings on the chemical equilibrium states in the electrochemical cell and on the redox reaction taking place simultaneously when a metal electrode is immersed in the metal ion solution. However, they do not fully comprehend the development of electrical potential difference, electron movement, electrode potential measurement in the half-cells, and calculation of the net cell voltage between anode and cathode in the chemical cell because of difficulties in the microscopic understanding the interaction on the interface at the electrode and the electrolyte solution.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2023

This study aims to increase students' understanding of equilibrium, one of the many concepts in chemistry that students find difficult. Dynamic equilibrium must be dealt with at the sub-microscopic level where the real and the representation overlap in order to microscopically understand the constant motion and interaction of particles and to understand the macroscopic characteristics expressed through this. However, as a result of analyzing 9 Chemistry I textbooks, the expression approach for equilibrium had some limitations. As a strategy to understand equilibrium at a sub-microscopic approach, the classes using scratch were consisted of a total of 4 hours, and it was implemented with 56 students. The classes were composed of 6 steps, and it was designed to understand equilibrium step by step. As a result of comparing the pretest and post- test, the number of students who got both the microscopic and macroscopic explanations of chemical equilibrium correct increased largely. Through this, it was possible to get a glimpse of the applicability of classes using scratch as the approach strategy of the sub-microscopic representation.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.295-318
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• 2009

This paper explores micro-contexts of transnational migration and decision-making process of foreign migrants in Korea with four types, that is, married immigrants, immigrant workers, professional immigrants, and foreign students, analyzing dates of questionaries and interviews. Some findings can be summarized as follows. First, married immigrants and immigrant workers show relative lower level of micro-environments than professional immigrants and foreign students. Secondly, immigrants workers fill closest in geographical contiguity among immigrants' types, while married immigrants recognize more different in cultural comparison than the former. Both immigrants workers and foreign students think living environments of Korea better than other types, but immigrants workers consider relatively higher the level of technology, while foreign students evaluate lower that of education in Korea than other types. Thirdly, married immigrants give a relatively low score to the easiness of immigration, while both immigrant workers and professional immigrants give a high score to the job environment of Korea. Finally, all types of immigrants show a high portion in a self-decision making for international migration, while professional immigrants have much more experiences on visiting other countries than other types, and both married immigrants and foreign students seem to have utilized their networks with family members who live abroad.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-162
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• 2012

This study analyzed the institutional characteristics of large scale national R&D policies in Korea. The analysis examined the continuity and change of the policy institution. It dealt with G7 Project, 21C Frontier Project, and Next Generation Growth Engine Project as the major large scale national R&D policies in Korea. The theoretical approach of this study is to the continuity and change or evolution of policy institution from the perspective of new institutionalism. Based on the theoretical analysis, it emphasized the analysis of the institutions in three different levels: macro, meso, and micro level. In the analysis, the research examined the idea of policy institution or policy goal, participants in the policy institution, and policy instruments in different levels. The outcome of the analysis shows that the policy of large scale national R&D in Korea has the institutional continuity in the macro level. In the meso level, however, the policy institution changes due to the administration change and the influence of political economic environment. In the micro level, the policy institution changes based on the symbolic influence of policy goal and the interest of bureaucrats. The research finds that the micro and meso level institutional changes cause the evolution of policy institutions and the major change of policy institution.