• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 1988

This paper deals with the micro-surface-cracks behavior on the unnotched smooth specimens of Type 304 stainless steel at $593^{\circ}C$ in air under creep and creep-fatigue conditions that have 10 mim and 1 min load holding times respectively. The behaviors of the micro-surface-cracks have been visualized by means of surface replica method and optical micro-photography. The quantitative characteristics of initiation, growth and coalescence of micro-surface-cracks have been investigated by observing and measuring the crack growth behaviors. some of the important results are as follows: Main crack initiates at grain boundary in the early stage(10 to 20%)of its life time and grows through coalescence and finally leads to fracture. The distribution of micro-surface-crack length, 2a, can be plotted against the composite Weibull distribution. The growth rate of the main crack can be plotted against the stress intensity factor, crack tip opering displacement and J integral.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 1990

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 304스테인리스강을 사용한 평활재와 작은 인공피트재의 고온 피로시험(疲勞試驗)과 크리프 시험(試驗)을 $593^{\circ}C$의 대기중에서 실시하고, 표면의 분포균열을 실온에서 레프리카법으로 연속적으로 관찰하고, 표면균열의 발생, 성장, 합체 거동을 관측하여, 균열 밀도(密度) 길이의 분포등의 정량적인 통계적(統計的) 성질(性質)에 대하여 검토하는 동시에, 파괴역학적으로 시험편의 수명을 지배하는 주균열의 성장거동 및 수명예측을 실시한 것이다. 또 실온의 결과와 고온피로(疲勞) 및 크리프 경우의 미소 분포균열의 통계적(統計的) 결과를 비교 검토하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.1320-1326
• /
• 1988

본 연구에서는 파괴역학적인 해석법과 표면레프리카법을 확장, 적용시켜 피로 -크리프하의 유지시간에 따른 작은 표면균열의 분포상태와 이의 합체, 성장 및 밀도변 화특성을 해석하여 기초적 자료를 얻는다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1746-1752
• /
• 2002

Fatigue fracture in machine components is produced by surface micro-crack from stress concentration area such as notch and material defect. It is difficult to predict the remaining fatigue lift of mechanical components because the surface micro-crack on critical area initiates and grows with statistical distribution. Plane bending fatigue tests were carried out on the plain specimen of Al 2024-T3 and the initiation and growth behavior of surface micro cracks were observed. The statistical distribution of surface length of multiple micro cracks and their maximum length were investigated. The maximum surface crack length distributions were analyzed on the basis of the statistics of extremes in order to examine the prediction of remaining life.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.100-111
• /
• 1990

In this paper, fatigue tests were carried out at stress test levels of 461 MPa, 441 MPa, and 431 MPa by using smooth specimen of$2_{1/4}$ Cr-1 Mo steel with the stress ratio(R) of 0.05. The initiation, growth and coalescense process of the major cracks and sub-cracks among the fatigue cracks on the smooth specimen are investigated and measured under each stress level at a constant cycle ratio by the replica technique with optical microscope. Some of the important results are as follows: In spite of the difference of stress levels, the major crack data gather into a small band in the curve of surface crack length and crack depth against cycle ratio N/Nf. The sub-crack data, however, deviate from the band of the major crack. The growth rates, da/dN, of major and sub-crack plotted against the stress intensity factor range, ${\Delta}K$, have the tendency to be compressed on a relatively small band. But it is more effective to predict fatigue life through major cracks. The propagation behavior of surface microcracks on the smooth specimens coincides with that of the specimen having an artificial small surface defect or through crack.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.106-117
• /
• 1992

In this study, the propagation behaviour and the closure phenomena of physically small surface cracks were investigated by the techinque of the Kikukawa-unloading elastic compliance method using a back face strain gage. The surface cracks initiated and propagated from notched specimens under constant amplitude bending load. The crack shape (aspect ratio) with approximately semi-circular at the early stage was changed to semi-elliptical as the cracks grew larger. The crack depth (a) could be expressed uniquenly by the crack length (c). The dependence of the crack propagation rate on the stress ratio R was strongly related in the lower ${\Delta}K$ range. The deceleration of the surface crack propagation rate was prominent in lower R during the crack length was small. When the propagation rate was rearranged with the effective stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}$K_{eff} the dependence of the crack propagation rate on the stress ratio R was found to be diminshed. These were caused by the crack closure phenomena that was most prominent at the lower propagation rate. The mechanism of crack closure phenomena was dominated by the plasticity-induced mechanism.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2009

세라믹스의 비파괴평가 기술은 산업분야에 응용하기 위한 세라믹스 신뢰성 개발에 있어서 필수적인 기술이다. 본 연구는 초음파 C-Scan 방식을 이용하여 SiC 세라믹스의 표면균열을 탐상하기 위한 실험적 연구 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 SDS-win과 $\mu$-SDS 두 종류의 초음파 장치와 25, 50 및 125 MHz의 초음파센서를 이용하여 세라믹스의 표면균열 탐상 가능성에 대해 실험적인 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과, 세라믹스의 표면미소균열은 결국 25 및 50 MHz 센스로 정밀하게 검출할 수 없었으나, 125 MHz 센서에 의한 집속법 탐상 결과 희미한 형상 정도를 검출할 수 있었으며, 비집속법의 경우는 비커스 압입자의 형상 검출이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여, 초음파 C-Scan 집속 및 비집속 방법은 미세균열의 탐상방식으로 어느 정도 접근 가능함을 실험적으로 확인하였다

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제10권7호
• /
• pp.505-514
• /
• 2000

플라즈마 침탄한 저 탄소 Cr-Mo 강(0.176C-1.014Cr-0.387Mo)의 침탄 특성과 피로성질을 고찰하였다. 플라즈만 침탄한 시편의 유효경화깊이는 가스 침탄한 시편에 대해 상대적으로 침타나시간이 짧고 침탄온도가 낮음에도 불구하고 50%정도까지 증가되었다. 플라즈만 침탄시 유효경화깊이의 증가는 표면탄소농도의 증가와 같은 경향을 보였으며, 표면탄소농도의 증가와 같은 경향을 보였으며, 표면탄소농도의 증가율이 침탄시간의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 플라즈만 침탄간의 피로한도는 가스 침탄강의 경우보다 높았다. 이를 표면근처의 미세구조, 경화깊이 잔류, 오스테나이트와 압축잔류응력으로 조사한 결과 경화깊이와 압축잔류응력의 차이가 거의 없었다. 따라서 플라즈만 침탄의 피로강도 향상은 가스침탄에 비해 표면이 상승층이 저감되어 표면에서의 미소균열의 발생 및 초기 균열 전파과정이 지연 되어진 것으로 판단된다. 파단면 관찰결과 표면에서 균열이 시작되고 플라즈마 침탄의 경우 입내파괴가 현저하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.250-250
• /
• 1990

In this paper, fatigue tests were carried out at stress test levels of 461 MPa, 441 MPa, and 431 MPa by using smooth specimen of$2_{1/4}$ Cr-1 Mo steel with the stress ratio(R) of 0.05. The initiation, growth and coalescense process of the major cracks and sub-cracks among the fatigue cracks on the smooth specimen are investigated and measured under each stress level at a constant cycle ratio by the replica technique with optical microscope. Some of the important results are as follows: In spite of the difference of stress levels, the major crack data gather into a small band in the curve of surface crack length and crack depth against cycle ratio N/Nf. The sub-crack data, however, deviate from the band of the major crack. The growth rates, da/dN, of major and sub-crack plotted against the stress intensity factor range, ${\Delta}K$, have the tendency to be compressed on a relatively small band. But it is more effective to predict fatigue life through major cracks. The propagation behavior of surface microcracks on the smooth specimens coincides with that of the specimen having an artificial small surface defect or through crack.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 1991

In this paper, the fatigue strength and the fatigue crack propagation behaviors of the round bar specimens which were spirally built up by welding and subsequently hardened by quenching were investigated. The material used was SF60 which was whdely employed in mechanical components, especially shafts. Fatigue tests were conducted at the fully reversed condition(R=-1) and axial and load control in the room temperature ahd air environment. The experimental results were expressed by both the range of stress intensity factor ($\Delta{K}$) and the effective range of stress intensity factor ($\Delta{K}_{eff}$). It was clarified that applying of quenching after the building up welding process improved the fatigue strength and the gatigue crack propagation property in the low range of $\Delta{K}$ of the built up round bar specimen.