• Journal of the KSME
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 1988

용접구조물의 파괴는 단순 역학적인 차원을 넘어서 재료공학적 검토와 시공상의 각종 변수를 고려해야만 정확하게 이해할 수가 있으며 방지할 수 있다. 용접도중에 발생되는 미소파괴(균열) 는 적절한 재료의 선정과 적당한 시공법으로 해결할 수 있으며, 사용도중 발생되는 거시적 파 괴는 사용조건에 유의하고 발생된 용접결함을 제거할 수 있다면 방지할 수 있다. 결론적으로 용접구조물의 파괴는 용접도중에 결함을 발생시키지 않는 방법으로 방지하는 것이 가장 효과적 이기 때문에 시공법의 선정 및 실시는 충분한 검토와 주의가 필요하다. 용접품의 파괴현상을 해석하는 데는 현재까지 잘 연구되어진 각종 파괴역학적 및 피로역학적 해석이 적용될 수 있 으나 용접부의 불균일한 조직형성에 따른 기계적 성질의 불균일성과 잔류응력 등을 추가로 고 려해야 하는 것이 약간 다를 뿐이다. 현재 용접부의 취성 및 피로파괴에 대한 다방면의 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 형편이며 향후에는 용접구조물의 수명예측을 포함한 가족 파괴해석 기술이 확립될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.802-810
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• 2003

In this paper, the modified singular fracture process zone (S-FPZ) model is proposed to consider variation of a fracture criterion for continuous crack propagation in concrete. The fracture properties of the proposed fracture model are strain energy release rate at a micro-crack tip and crack closure stress (CCS) versus crack opening displacement (COD) relationship in the FPZ. The proposed model can simulate the estimated fracture energy of experimental results. The analysis results of the experimental data shows that specimen geometry and loading condition did not affect the CCS-COD relation. But the strain energy release rate is a function of not only specimen geometry but also crack extension. Until 25 mm crack extension, the strain energy release rate is a constant minimum value, and then it increased linearly to the maximum value. The maximum fracture criterion occurred at the peak load for an large size specimen. The fracture criterion remains the maximum value after the peak load. The variation of the fracture criterion is caused by micro-cracking and micro-crack localizing. The fracture criterion of strain energy release rate can simply be the size effect of concrete fracture, and it can be used to quantify the micro-tracking and micro-crack localizing behaviors of concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

Anisotropy of stiffness, from extremely small strains to post-failure strains, of isotropically consolidated air-pluviated sands in plane strain compression was studied by using the newly developed instrumentation fur small strain measurements, Seven types of sand of world-wide origins were tested, which have been extensively used for research purposes. Stress-strain relationships for a wide range of strain from about 0.0001% to the peak were obtained by measuring axial and lateral strains locally free from the effects of bedding and membrane penetration errors at the specimen boundaries. The result showed that the relationship between the principal stress ratio and the principal strain increment ratio was constant, being rarely affected by the over-consolidation ratio and the confining pressure. Although in the small strain the anisotropy hardly affected the relationship between the principal stress ratio and the principal strain increment ratio, the K value around the peak varied according to the $\delta$ value. In general, Rowe\`s stress-dilatancy equation works fairly well from the small strain to the peak.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2009

Numerical analysis of the progressive failure of a rock slope was conducted using a 3-D rock joint element considering fracture mechanics and subcritical crack growth of asperities in the rock joints. Even though the stress state in the rock slope is not changing, the elapse of time causes subcritical crack growth to break asperities in the joints. The increase of broken asperities causes failure of joints in the rock slope and the increase of failed joints results in failure of a jointed rock slope. As a result, the progressive failure of a jointed rock slope due to the gradual breaking of small asperities along joints generated by subcritical crack growth occurs at a lower stress than if rock failure occurred by exceeding the static strength or fracture toughness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.811-818
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• 2009

An estimation method of the fallout volume of a tunnel under construction is proposed based on an empirical method called bulking factor. For this, the main causes of the tunnel fallout are investigated and the scale of the fallout which is not accessible is considered. The calculated height of the fallout area is compared with borehole core data and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated. Another experimental approach on the detection of a progressive cracking around the tunnel fallout is provided based on an acoustic emission method. From the field tests near the tunnel fallout, it is shown that additional progressive cracking of the reinforced area is not foreseen and the effectiveness of the reinforcement is proven.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.655-664
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• 2007

The inherent characteristic of concrete tensile cracks, directional nonlocal crack damage, causes so-called rotating tensile crack damage and softening of compressive strength. In the present study, a plasticity model was developed to describe the behavior of reinforced concrete planar members In tension-compression. To describe the effect of directional nonlocal crack damage, the concept of microplane model was combined with the plasticity model. Unlike existing models, in the proposed model, softening of compressive strength as well as the tensile crack damage were defined by the directional nonlocal crack damage. Once a tensile cracking occurs, the microplanes of concrete are affected by the nonlocal crack damage. In the microplanes, microscopic tension and compression failure surfaces are calculated. By integrating the microscopic failure surfaces, the macroscopic failure surface is calculated. The proposed model was implemented to finite element analysis, and it was verified by comparisons with the results of existing shear panel tests.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-46
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• 1994

It has been demonstrated in plane strain compression tests performed on dense Toyoura sand and Silver Leighton Buzzard sand, that the newly developed instrumentation for small strain measurements was capable of measuring the altering stiffness of sands for a wide range of shear strain from ($10^{-6}$to $10^{-2}$. It was found that for the range of shear strain($\gamma$) from $10^{-5}$ to those at peak, the Rowe's stressiilatancy relation seemed to be a good approximation for Toyoura sand and Silver Leighton Buzzard sand. However, the value of K and Poisson's ratio(at elastic range:${\nu}_{psc}^e$) varied with sand types. It was also found that the value of ${\nu}_{psc}^e$ and stress -dilatancy relation was irrespective of overconsolidation ratio(OCR).

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2005

In highly stressed conditions, the excavation damage zone induced by stress redistribution and disturbance must be evaluated after tunnel excavation. Therefore, the investigation of stress-induced deformation and fracture in rock is indispensable. In this study, fracture and damage mechanisms of rock induced by the accumulation of microcracks were investigated by the moving point regression technique as well as acoustic emission measured during uniaxial compression tests. Especially, the modified procedures to determine damage thresholds more systematically were newly proposed, and successfully applied to rock. From experiments, crack initiation and track damage stress levels were estimated to be $33{\~}36\%$ and $84{\~}89\%$ of uniaxial compressive strength respectively, for both of Hwangdeung granite and Yeosan marble. However, the normalized crack closure stress level for Yeosan marble was much higher than for Hwangdeung granite. In addition, the largest proportion of total axial strain in Hwangdeung granite was attributable to elastic deformation and initial microcracking. However, the greatest part of axial deformation in Yeosan marble arose from initial crack closure and unstable cracking. Finally, it was seen that unstable cracking after the crack damage stress level played a key part in the lateral deformation in rocks under uniaxial compression.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2015

This study presents a novel algorithm for determining the P-wave arrival time using amoving window function to improve source localization in low-SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)acoustic emissions. The proposed algorithm was applied to low-SNR signals to verify the accuracy of measurements against existing algorithms. When other algorithms were applied, the test results revealed that SNR decreased and accuracy was reduced, especially where SNR wasless than 2.14. The proposed algorithm using amoving window function considers the frequency characteristic and signal amplitude simultaneously, and produced reliable results where SNR was 2.14.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

Fiber orientation effects on the impact surface fracture of the glass plates coated with the glass fiber/epoxy lamina layer were investigated using a small-diameter steel-ball impact experiment. Four kinds of materials were used: soda-lime glass plates, unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy layer(one ply, two plies)-coated, crossed glass tiber/epoxy layer (two plies)-coated glass plates. The maximum stress and absorbed fracture energy were measured on the back surface of glass plates during the impact. With increasing impact velocity, various surface cracks such as ring, cone, radial and lateral cracks appeared near the impacted site of glass plates. Cracks in the plate drastically diminished by glass fiber coating. The tiber orientation guided the directions of delamination and plastic deformation zones between the tiber layer and the glass plate. Impact surface-fracture indices expressed in terms of the maximum stress and absorbed energy could be used as an effective evaluation parameter of the surface resistance.