• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.173-176
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• 1994

Stem and petiol explants of peony culture turned to brownish black soon after placing onto medium and degenerated to death. Disroloration was caused mainly by ferrous and calcium cloride. Nitrate was a main factor for the death of culture. The culture damage was increased with the increment of the medium salt strength. A few latent axillary buds were elongated to shoots without forming callus.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supporting material and ionic strength of the MS medium on growth of strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro for the rapid mass production. Explants of $Fragaria$ $ananassa$ 'Houkouwase' in vitro were planted in the agar or Tosilee (commercial plug medium) medium as the supporting material and supplied with 1/4 MS, 1/2 MS or basal (as the control) MS medium in an autotrophic micropropagation. Plant height and root length were significantly greater when they were cultured in 1/2 MS medium as compared to those grown in the agar medium. Also, shoot fresh and dry weights, and leaf area in the 1/2 MS medium were greater than in 1/4 MS or basal MS medium. When plantlets were cultured in Tosilee medium and fed with the basal MS medium, plant height, root length, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights, and leaf area were promoted and greater than those in plantlets cultured in the agar medium.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

These investigations were conducted to standardize several chemical and physical environments affecting in vitro propagation of gametophytes of Climacium japonicum. Propagation of this moss species was established on basal medium containing Knop macro salts and Nitsch and Nitsch trace elements. Primary cultures were initiated from apical shoots of gametophytes. Gametophyte production was accessed using chopped gametophytes, apical shoots and basal shoots. Seven ty pes of culture media and four concentrations of total nitrogen and five strengths of sucrose were tested for in vitro gametophyte production. Light and temperature factors were also evaluated. Apical shoots were the greatest among three types explants used for gametophyte propagation. Medium containing Knop macro salts and Nitsch and Nitsch trace elements was more effective than other types of media. Higher sucrose concentrations showed a positive effect on the elongation and multiplication of gametophytes. Both nitrogen deficiency and excessiveness inhibited gametophyte growth. Light intensity variation showed highly significant changes in numbers, length and fresh weight of gametophytes. Optimum light intensity for gametophyte growth seemed to be around 3000-4000 lx. Both lower and higher temperature had a negative effect on gametophyte propagation and production. This study will provide large scale and high quality propagules, and effective moss propagation system.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

The study was conducted to examine effective concentration and fertilization time of $CO_2$ for the growth of potted Phalaenopsis in growth chambers. Enrichment level of $CO_2$ was 1,000 or $2,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ and fertilization time was 06:00~12:00, 00:00~06:00, or 18:00~24:00. Two, seven, or twelve month-old clonal micropropagules of Phalaenopsis cultivars were cultured for 99 days. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, root length and fresh weight of all Phalaenopsis cultivars in $2,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ $CO_2$ were significantly greater than that of $1,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}\;CO_2$. $CO_2$ fertilization time was the greatest growth in 0:00~06:00.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 1999

Growth of Dendranthema grandiflorum R. ‘Bongwhang’plantlets, as affected by three levels of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 70, 150 and 220 $\mu$mol. $m^{-2}$ . $s^{-1}$ , three levels of C $O_{2}$ concentration, 400-500 (ambient), 1000 and 2000 $\mu$mol.mo $l^{-1}$ , and two levels of number of air exchanges per hour (NAEH), 0.1 $h^{-1}$ and 2.8 $h^{-l}$, was studied. Explants were obtained from photomixotrophically-micropropagated plantlets. Four explants were planted in each 3.7$\times$10$^{-4}$ $m^{3}$ polycarbonate box containing MS medium supplemented with 1.25 meq. $L^{-1}$ $H_{2}$P $O_{4}$$^{[-10]}$ and no added sugar. Explants were cultured under cool-white fluorescent lamps (16 h. $d^{-1}$ ), at 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ temperature, and 70-80% relative humidity. In treatments of 2.8 $h^{-1}$ NAEH, a 10 mm round hole made on the vessel cap was sealed with a microporous filter For higher C $O_{2}$ concentrations in the culture room, C $O_{2}$ gas was provided from a tank of liquefied C $O_{2}$. Fresh and dry weights, height, length of the longest roots, number of leaves, and leaf area significantly increased with increasing PPF and especially, with increasing C $O_{2}$ concentration. Growth was enhanced with increased number of air exchanges per hour (2.8 $h^{-1}$ ). Overall, treatment of 220$\mu$mol. $m^{-2}$ . $s^{-1}$ PPF combined with 2000$\mu$mol.mo $l^{-1}$ C $O_{2}$ and 2.8 $h^{-1}$ NAEH gave the most vigorous growth of Dendranthema grandiflorum R. ‘Bongwhang’ plantlets in vitro.o.