• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

The egg, larva, and pupa of Paracycnotrachelus longiceps (Motschulsky) are described and illustrated. The species is a well-known forest pest and lives on such host plants as Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, and Q. serrata. Taxonomic notes and cradle structure are also provided.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.17-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to make an inspection of the School Library Opening Policy. Some problems show the policy is not only ineffective but also disadvantage to the development of school libraries. The writer suggested three principles and critical strategies for the successful implementation of the School Library Opening Policy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1020-1027
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• 2004

The existing 2D fashion Design System have a many limitation for application because diagraming piece database construct was weak as the function of design based on diagraming piece was low level. This paper design and construct the basic diagraming piece database to fashion design needed and through develop module of database search and modify, the system can easily manage the diagraming piece data and can create competitive and efficient design.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1996

This objective of this experiment was to test the effect of EGF on GVBD and MII of nuclear maturation of pig immature oocytes in vitro. Experiment 1 examined to the effect of EGF on nuclear maturation of pig immature oocytes according to different maturational times. The percentage of GVBD of EGF 10mg/ml treated groups were significantly higher than untreated groups after 24hr (p < 0.001). Experiment 2 examined to the effect of duration of exposure of oocytes to EGF supplement in maturation medium. Nuclear maturation rates (M II) of EGF treated groups (during 0-24: 72.8% and 0-42hr: 84.8%) were significantly higher than 53.5 and 26.1% of EGF treated group (during 24-42hr) and untreated group (p < 0.001). Also, experiment 3 examined to the effect of EGF on nuclear maturation of CEOs or CFOs. Nuclear maturation rate (M II) 84.6% of EGF treated group of CEOs was significantly higher than 53.0, 27.6, and 44.2% of EGF treated group of CFOs and untreated groups of CEOs and CFOs (p < O.001). These results conclude that EGF alone can stimulate GVBD and M II of nuclear maturation in pig immature oocytes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fertilization and cleavage rates of human in vitro matured oocytes after fertilized by conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: A total of 135 GV stage oocytes were obtained from 59 women who received ovarian stimulation and IVF during Jan 2007 to Oct 2008. Ovarian hyperstimulation was performed using hMG or recombinant FSH with GnRH antagonist and then ovulation triggered by recombinant hCG. The immature oocytes obtained from stimulation cycles were cultured in IVM medium up to 48 hrs; commercial medium supplemented with rFSH 75 mIU/mL, rhCG 0.5 IU/mL and rEGF 10 ng/mL. The in vitro matured oocytes were fertilized by conventional IVF (41 GV oocytes) or ICSI method (94 GV oocytes). Results: Maturation rate were 51.2% and 59.6% in conventional IVF group and ICSI group, respectively. There was no significant difference in fertilization rates between two groups; 71.4% and 80.4%, respectively. The cleavage rate was also similar in two groups. Conclusion: The presented data suggest that conventional IVF has comparable fertilization and cleavage potential compared with ICSI as the insemination method of immature human oocytes obtained from stimulated cycle.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

본 연구는 mSOF(modified synthetic oviduct fluid medium) 배양액을 이용하여 $100{\mu}1$와 $10{\mu}1$ 배양 소적에서 일본 흑우의 수정란 생산 효율을 개선하기 위하여 수행하였다. 난구세포가 부착된 미성숙 난자는 각각 단독 배양조건($S;\;10{\mu}1$ 소적) 및 그룹 배양 조건 ($G;\;100{\mu}1$ 소적)에서 실시하였고 배양액은 TCM-199의 기본 배지에 10% FCS, 0.02IU/ml FSH와 $1{\mu}g/ml$ $estradiol-17{\beta}$를 첨가하여 사용하였다. 배반포 단계로 발육한 수정란은 1.5M ethylene glycol로 직접 이식법에 의한 동결 방법으로 동결을 실시하였고, 세포수는 융해 후 생존 수정란에 대해 조사하였다. 체외 배양 시간이 $16{\sim}17$시간 배양 조건에서 난자의 성숙율은 그룹 배양 조건$(27.1{\pm}16.8%)$보다는 단독 배양조건$(57.1{\pm}15.0%)$에서 성숙율이 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 체외 배양 시간이 $18{\sim}19$ 시간과 $20{\sim}21$시간 배양시는 유사한 성숙율을 보였다. 난자의 체외 배양율은 체외 배양 시간의 증가에 의해 성숙도가 $86.3{\pm}9.9%$로 증가하였다. 접합체(zygote)의 분할율은 단독이나 그룹 배양 조건에서도 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 배반포 발달율은 배양 $7{\sim}8$일째에 조사한 결과 단독 배양 방법보다는 그룹 배양 방법에서 발달율이 높았으나, 분할된 접합체를 기준으로 한 경우 배반포 발달율$(S;\; 21.4{\pm}10.6%,\;G;\;39.0{\pm}13.1%)$에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 단독 배양과 그룹 배양에서 $6.5{\pm}8$일 사이에 배반포로 발달된 수정란의 세포수 조사에서는 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 동결 융해 후 24시간 배양 후 배반포 생존율(5; 24.2%, G; 30.2%), 부화율(S: 20.9%, G: 12.7%) 및 생존 수정란수(S; 45.2%, G: 42.8%)에서도 배양 조건에 따른 유의적인 차는 없었다. 결론적으로 mSOF배양액을 이용하는 경우 미성숙 난자의 체외 성숙 유도 배양 시 단독이나 그룹 배양 시 배반포 발달율에서 그룹간에 유의적인 차가 인정되었다(p<0.01).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 1992

Changes in activity of gibberellin $3{\beta}-hydroxylase$ which converts $[^3H]GA_{20}\;to\;GA_1$ were studied during seed maturation using partially purified enzyme preparations of two cultivars, Kentucky Wonder (normal) and Masterpiece (dwarf) of Phaseolus vulgaris. The specific activity of $3{\beta}-hydroxylase$ per seed reached maximum at 21 days after flowering and subsequently decreased during seed maturation in both cultivars. The ratios of conversion of $[17-^{13}C,\;^3H_2]GA_{20}\;to\;GA_1.\;GA_5,\;and\;GA_6$ by the same amount of $3{\beta}-hydroxylase$ were almost identical. Epoxidation of $GA_5\;to\;GA_6$ is also catalyzed by the partially purified $3{\beta}-hydroxylase$ preparation(Kobayashi et aI., 1991) and the conversion was inhibited by the substrates of $3{\beta}-hydroxylase$. These results suggest that the same enzyme might catalyze $3{\beta}-hydroxylase{\;}of{\;}GA_{20}\;to\;GA_1$ and epoxidation of $GA_5\;to\;GA_6$..

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1995

In this study, the callus was induced and regenerated from the immature embryo and ultrastructural characteristics of developmental stages in Citrus junos SIEB, were investigated. The yellowish callus was induced by 5 to 6 week of culture of citrus. In proliferation callus after 6 weeks of culture, large vacuole was formed by fusion between adjacent small ones. In the non-embryogenic callus cultured for 12weeks, re-differentiated cells of callus showed the large nucleus with globular nucleus and amyloplast with large size of starches. In the embryogenic callus cltured for 14-16 weeks, the active exocytosis occurred in cells, secretory vesicles appeared on cell membrane and small particles from cytoplasm were released to intercelluar space. In the embryogenic callus cultured for 24 weeks, a sperical type of chloroplast bounded on cytoplasm by double membrane and typical grana was dispersed equally among matrix. In the normal plantlet after 26 weeks of culture, a lot of vessels and companion cells apperaed in the leaf cell of plantlet. In the normal plantlet after 30 weeks of culture, the immature leaf showed many small companion cells, sieve tubes and central vacuole. Also, the secondary vacuole protruded into the central vacuole and elongated chloroplasts near plasma membrane. In the matured plant habituated on the soil, palisada tissue composed of orderly arranged cells contained the nucleus in the center of the cell and large vacuoles on either side of the nucleus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2007

The changes of glycoconjuagates (GCs) in rat kidney due to maturation were studied from samples of fetal and postnatal kidneys by lectin histochemistry. Rat kidneys of perinatal ages and adults were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were stained with nine kinds of biotinylated lectins. The immature forms of the renal developmental stage such as vesicles and ureteric bud were observed in the cortex as late as day 14 of postnatal life, but the histological appearance of the weaning kidney was similar to that observed in adults. As for histochemical properties of GCs in the glomeruli, Con A affinity tended to increase with aging, but both RCA-1 and LCA affinities showed a transient increase in immature glomeruli of neonatal rats. DBA affinity with SBA, PNA, BSL-1 and RCA-1, additional Con A one in proximal tubule, were increased in both proximal and distal tubules according to maturation. In contrast to this, transient intensive LCA affinity were demonstrated in immature proximal and distal tubule of neonatal rats. In the collecting tubules, DBA, SBA, PNA and sWGA affinities tended to increase according to maturation, but transient increase for BSL-1, RCA-1 and LCA affinities were detected in neonatal rats. The present results suggest that the mature glycosylation pattern of the kidney undergoes profound changes during maturation and is probably associated with functional maturation of the kidney.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vitrification in open pulled straws (OPS) methods on in vitro survival ability of porcine embryos. For in vitro maturation of immature oocytes, the porcine ovaries were collected from local slaughter-house. The cumulus-oocytes complexes were aspirated from 2 to 6 mm follicles. The collected oocytes were cultured for in vitro maturation in NCSU-23 medium with 5 mM hypotaurine, 0.57 mM cysteine, 10% porcine follicle fluid, 10 IU/ml PMSG and 10 IU/ml hCG for $21{\sim}22$ hrs. Then, the oocytes were more cultured $21{\sim}22$ hrs in vitro maturation in medium removed hormones. The frozen-thawed spermatozoa were washed by centrifugation 2 times for 10 min at 1,500 rpm in D-PBS with 5.56 mM glucose, 0.33 mM Na-pyruvate, 100 IU/ml penicillin, $100 {\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin and 4 mg/ml BSA. The fertilization medium used mTBM with 2 mM caffeine and 2 mg/ml BSA and adjusted to a pH of 7.2 to 7.4. The final concentration of spermatozoa was adjusted to $2.5{\times}10^6$cells/ml motile sperm during fertilization in vitro. At 8 hrs after insemination, the oocytes were transferred into NCSU-23 medium with 5.0 mM hypotaurine, 4 mg/ml BSA and 10 ng/ml EGF and cultured for 7 days. When the blastocysts of different stages were frozen-thawed by OPS methods, the proportions of embryos with normal morphology were significantly (p<0.05) higher in embryos frozen-thawed at expanded blastocyst stage (38.9%) than in early blastocyst stage (28.3%). On the other hand, the proportions of embryos damaged after frozen-thawing were significantly (p<0.05) higher in embryos frozen at early blastocyst stages than in expanded blastocyst stage. In another experiment, the normal embryos morphology after frozen- thawing were further cultured for 48 hrs. After culture, the proportions of embryos hatched were 6.7, 20.0 and 33.3% for embryos frozen-thawed at early blastocyst, mid-blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stages. These finding indicate the possible broader application for OPS methods, as frozen-thawed embryos may be accompanied by developmental stage according to requirements of the survival ability after freezing of blastocyst stage in the pig.