• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2009

To understand the steroidogenic activities and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) profiles according to the reproductive phases in the oblong rockfish Sebastes oblongus, we examined changes in sex steroid hormones and plasma vitellogenin. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) was significantly higher value in only ovulation stage (P<0.05). In vitellogenesis, plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) had a high level in August which was a similar higher level until ovulation than other ovarian development stages (P<0.05). However, $E_2$ was significantly decreased after embryo stage (P<0.05). This indicates that variability in $E_2$ at different stage is associated with the development of the oocytes. Plasma levels of $17{\alpha}$, $20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) were significantly high at the stages of vitellogenesis and ovulation (P<0.001). It is assumed that DHP plays an important role in vitellogenesis. Also, We determined the plasma levels of vitellogenin (VTG) divided the development stage into four steps: immaturation, vitellogenesis, and ovulation and parturition. A significant lower levels of VTG were shown in immaturation and parturition (P<0.05), which did not discriminate between them. However, in vitellogenesis and ovulation were shown in a remarkable higher levels of VTG(P<0.05), but not significantly different between them. Consequently, plasma VTG levels were considerably increased after October and maintained a higher concentration until ovulation, but significantly decreased after ovulation. It is suggested that VTG plays also an important role in the development of vitellogenesis and oogenesis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 동해 울릉분지의 제4기 후기 퇴적물 내의 유기물, 공극수와 메탄의 특징 및 상호작용을 규명하는데 있다. 연구지역에서 채취한 코어퇴적물을 원소 분석한 결과 C/N 및 C/S 비(wt. %)는 퇴적물 내 유기물이 주로 해양조류 기원을 가지고, 일반적인 해양 또는 정체 환경에서 퇴적되어Tdam을 지시한다. 그러나 Rock-Eval 열분석 결과는 유기물 기원이 육상식물(Type III)이고, 열적 성숙단계가 미성숙단계임을 보여준다. 이러한 원소분석과 열분석간의 상반된 결과는 유기물이 침강하는 동안 또는 퇴적 후 이루어진 강한 산화작용에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 퇴적물 내 공극수의 황산염 농도가 퇴적물의 심도가 증가할수록 감소하며, 감소하는 경향은 크게 두 가지 (적선성, concave down)로 나누어진다. 이는 모든 코어에서 황산엽 환원작용이 일어나고 있음을 지시한다. 또한 직선선의 황산엽농도 구배는 무산소 메탄 산화작용(AMO)의 전형적인 특징이다. 황산염 농도의 수직적 구배를 이용하여 SMI(sulfate-methane interface) 심도를 계산하면, 남부울릉분지의 코어 (03GHP-01, 03GHP-02; <3.5mbsf)가 북부울릉분지 코어(01GHP-05, 01GHP-07, 03GHP-03, 03GHP-04, 03GHP-05; > 6mbsf)보다 낮은 값을 갖는다. 위와 같은 SMI 심도차는 메탄의 상부 분산량과 밀접한 관련있는 것으로 추정된다. 메탄가스의 탄소 안정동위원소 $({\delta}^{13}C)$ 분석값들은 -83.5%o에서 -69.5%o의 범위를 가지고 있고, 이산화탄소 환원작용($CO)_2$ reduction)에 의한 생물 (biogenic) 기원임을 지시한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.605-622
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• 2007

Elemental, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and isotopic analysis of the core sediments from the northwestern and eastern Ulleung Basin of the East were carried out to identify their geochemical characteristics, spatial and vertical variation and origin of organic matter in Upper Quaternary sediments from the northwestern and eastern Ulleung Basin of the East Sea. TOC, m and TS did not show spatial variation between the sampling locations whereas they showed systematic vertical variation associated with MIS stages related to the sea-level change of the East Sea. It is suggested that these past changes of sea-level influenced the sedimentary depositional environments and/or diagenesis which resulted the patterns observed in this study. Based on the results of TOC/N, TS/TOC, ${\delta}^{13}C_{org}\;and\;{\delta}^{15}N_{org}$ analysis, organic matters in the study area appears to be predominantly originated from the marine algae rather than land plant and deposited under normal marine oxic condition during MIS I and MIS III period, and under euxinic/anoxic condition during MIS II period. TOC/N, ${\delta}^{13}C_{org}\;and\;{\delta}^{15}N_{org}$ have a relatively constant value irrespective of MIS stages, implying that the organic matter source does not change by the sea-level fluctuations. However, the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter is in immature stage and originated from land-plant (Type III), locating in the immature stage land plant (Type III). Similar differences were reported from other areas such as the Atlantic Ocean, Iberia Abyssal Plain, Mediterranean Sea, suggesting that Rock-Eval method does not exactly reflect the characteristic of immature organic matters. Accordingly, the application of Rock-Eval pyrolysis for delineating the source of immature organic matters should be approached with caution and all other geochemical proxies should be considered altogether at the same time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2019

In recent years, progress has been made in the search for the development of new anti-cancer agents by employing specific inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-6 to block signal transduction pathways in cancer cells. This study examined the effects of tubastatin A (TubA), an HDAC-6 inhibitor, on the growth and development of immature oocytes in murine ovaries using RNA sequencing analysis. The results from a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that the expression of most of the gene sets involved in the cell cycle and control and progression of meiosis decreased in the TubA-treated group as compared with that in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes. In addition, an ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) suggested that TubA not only caused increased expression of p53 and pRB and decreased expression of CDK4/6 and cyclin D but also caused elevated expression of genes involved in the control of the DNA check point in G2/M stage oocytes. These results suggest that TubA may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the induction of changes in the expression of genes involved in signal transduction pathways associated with DNA damage and the cell cycle of immature oocytes in the ovary.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.3 s.172
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• pp.335-346
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• 2005

In this study, core sediments and pore water were analysed to identify the origin of organic matter and Bas in late Quaternary sediments from the northwestern Ulleung Basin of the East Sea. C/N and C/S ratios in the sediments show that the organic matter in the study area originated predominantly from marine algae. However, the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicate that the organic matter has an origin of the land-plant (Type III), locating in the immature stage. These different results might be due to the heavy oxidizing of the organic matter during sinking down to the seafloor or after deposition in the sediments. Concentration of sulfate in the pore water decreases gradually with core depth, while concentration of $CH_4$ increases gradually with core depth. This indicates that sulfate reduction and methanogenesis occurred actively in the sediments. Also, it is likely that the compositions of $CH_4$ are characterized as a more biogenic origin, mostly caused by microbial activity, rather than a thermogenic one.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2008

Objective: This study was performed to investigate whether cumulus morphology and oocyte diameter influence on in vitro maturation (IVM) of human germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes obtained from stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Methods: Forty-one GV stage oocytes were obtained from 21 patients who received ovarian hyperstimulation and IVF. According to cumulus morphology before denudation, GV oocytes were classified into oocytes with dispersed cumulus cells (CCs) or compacted CCs. The diameters of denuded oocytes, both including and excluding the zona pellucida, were measured. All oocytes were cultured in commercial IVM medium. Maturation was defined as extrusion of the first polar body and the matured oocytes were inseminated by ICSI method. Results: Overall maturation and fertilization rate were 56.1% and 73.9%. Matured oocytes had significantly higher proportion of oocytes with dispersed CCs compared to oocytes failed to mature (91.3% vs. 55.6%, p=0.023). There were no significant differences of oocytes outer ($155.7{\mu}m$ vs. $152.4{\mu}m$, NS), inner ($114.3{\mu}m$ vs. $113.4{\mu}m$, NS) diameters and zona thicknesses ($41.3{\mu}m$ vs. $39.1{\mu}m$, NS) between matured and not-matured oocytes. In-vitro maturation rate of oocytes with dispersed CCs was significantly higher than which of oocytes with compacted CCs (67.7% vs. 20.0%, p=0.044). Oocyte diameters (outer and inner) and thicknesses were not related with maturational competence. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in vitro maturational competence of GV stage oocytes obtained from stimulated IVF cycles is closely associated with the cumulus morphology but not oocyte diameter.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

We observed that oil began to accumulate at 25 seed days after flowering (DAF) and reached the maximum potential at 35 seed DAF of oilseed rape, and the greatest weight of 100 seeds was obtained at 35 seed DAF. To survey a broad analysis of gene expression in developing embryos of Brassica napus, the Bn 300k microarray have been constructed. The Bn 300k Microarrary was designed from 80,696 unigenes clustered from 543,448 ESTs and 780 cDNA at NCBI. These arrays have been hybridized in a series of experiments with probes derived from seeds and leaf of B. napus. Approximately 8.5% of the 7,000 genes were expressed as ratios 2-fold higher in seed (25 DAF) than leaves and 0.4% at ratios 10. Also we observed that storage and cell differentiation-related genes were highly expressed at 10 DAF, whereas energy-related genes including fatty acid metabolism were increased up depending on seed maturation using Microarray, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that B. napus arrays provide a very useful data set of seed-specific expression that can be further analyzed by examination of the promoter regions of these genes and help our understanding of the complex regulatory network in developing seeds.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.94-100
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• 2005

동해 울릉분지 북서부해역에서 채취한 코어퇴적물을 이용하여 울릉분지의 제4기 후기 층서와 퇴적환경을 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 테프라층서, 탄소연대측정, 퇴적상, 퇴적물의 암질, 퇴적물과 공극수의 원소성분 등을 분석하였다. 퇴적상을 기준으로 코어퇴적물은 Unit 1, Unit II 및 Unit III으로 나누어지며, Unit의 경계부근에서는 주로 화산력으로 구성된 2매의 향암질 또는 조면암질 테프라층과 주로 화산재로 구성된 1매의 유문암질 테프라층이 협재되어 나타난다. 이들 테프라층에는 울릉도에서 기원한 울릉-오키층(Unit I/II 경계, 약 8.1 cal. kyr BC)과 울릉-야마토층(약 30.7 cal. kyr BC), 일본에서 기원한 아이라-탄자와층(Unit I/II경계, 약 22.8 cal. kyr BC)이 있다. Unit II의 중간부근에서 발견되는 DLM(Dark Laminated Mud) 층에는 망간보다는 철이 상대적으로 풍부하고, 철은 주로 구상집적체의 황화철로 발견되는데, 이들 광물은 정체환경 동안 물의 순환이 약화된 시기에 무산소환경에서 형성되었다. 퇴적물 내 유기물은 해양성 기원으로, 열적 성숙단계가 대부분 미성숙단계에 놓여 있다. Termination I 전에 급격하게 총유기탄소 (TOC)의 함량이 증가함을 보여주는데, 이는 빙기에서 간빙기로 변하는 시기에 해수면 변동과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 공극수와 공기층 가스의 분석에 의하면, 황산염($SO_4^{2-}$) 농도는 매몰심도와 함께 증가하고, 반대로 공기층 가스의 주성분인 메탄($CH_4$)의 농도는 감소한다. 이는 미생물학적인 활동과 관련된 황산염 환원작용이 코어 상부에서 일어났으며, 점차 메탄생성단계 (methanogenesis)로 전이가 일어났음을 의미한다.측해본 결과 침몰선체의 강도는 초기강도에 비해 약 2/5정도 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다.할 수 있었다. 이 연구 사례를 통하여 3차원 GPR 탐사 또한 국부적인 이상대의 규명뿐만 아니라 광역적인 고고학 조사에도 다른 물리탐사와 마찬가지로 쉽게 활용될 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 3차원 GPR 탐사가 향후 국내의 문화재 조사에 표준화된 탐사과정 중의 하나로써 적극 활용되길 기대한다.larity가 높은 oil에서는 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.40mm$으로 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조사대상자의 식습관 상태는 전체 대상자의 $84.4\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 있었으며 식사속도는 허겁지겁 빨리 섭취하는 경우가 남자는 $31.0\%$, 여자는 $21.4\%$로 나타났고 이들을 제외한 나머지 사람들은 보통 속도 혹은 충분한 시간을 가지고 식사를 하였다. 평소 식사량은 조금 적게

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.449-462
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• 2021

We analyzed the effects of temperature on the survival, development, and reproduction of the non-diapause Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). A 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod was supplied to the non-diapause stages of O. furnacalis. The insects were raised on an artificial diet at seven constant temperatures between 15 and 35℃ for immature stages, and eight temperatures between 13 and 33℃ for the adult stage. The survival rate of eggs exceeded 70% at all temperatures, whereas survival of larvae was as low as 7.4% at 15℃. The developmental periods of the immature stages decreased with increasing temperature, but the larval period did not decrease further at 35℃. The pupal weight increased with increasing temperature, but the female weight decreased at 35℃. Variations with different last larval instars within the colonies at different temperatures were observed. Adults produced offspring at all tested temperatures. Adult longevity and the pre-oviposition and oviposition periods decreased with increasing temperature, but the pre-oviposition period increased at 33℃. Total fecundity exceeded 400 viable eggs at 22℃ and 31℃. The mean daily fecundity during the oviposition period and the mean daily fecundity on the day of oviposition increased with increasing temperature, but decreased at 33℃. Daily fecundity sharply increased at earlier adult ages and slowly decreased thereafter. The simulated oviposition frequency was greatest at 22℃. The lower developmental threshold temperatures were estimated to be the lowest at 9.7℃ for the first instar larva and the highest at 14.7℃ for the 5th to last instar larval stage, using a linear model.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.87-97
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• 2007

This study is to investigate the problems of procurement circumstance of the current fire service funds and to suggest the alternatives for procuring the fire service funds for dealing with increasing demand on the fire service in the local autonomous era. The results are as the followings. First, most fire service officers see the procurement circumstances as premature stage and perceive the necessity of the improvement of this condition. In particular, the officers at the fire center recognize this problem as an urgent question than the officers at the front fire branches. In addition, as for the alternatives of the procurement of fire service funds, both groups prefer the long term plan to the short term plan, and show positive responses to the National Emergency Management Agency and central government as the entity to raise fire funds. As for the alternatives to improve financial system, both groups show the most positive responses on the way to increase the current common facilities tax. As for the specific procurement alternatives of fire funds, both groups agree the alternative to increase common facilities tax mostly, and to the next they agree the alternative to insecure fire funds by restructuring current financial system and by establishing fire service hospital and fire equipment maintenance center.