• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.26-30
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• 2000

Degradabilities of the dicamba by microorganisms isolated from soil and by enzymes in the turfgrass, Zoysia Japonica S. were investigated. Five species of dicamba-deading microorganisms including Acidovorax sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Variovorax sp. were isolated from soils by enrichment culture. All strains in nutrient-free inorganic medium treated with 10 ppm of dicamba degraded average 90% of the dicamba 21 days after incubation. 5-Hydroxydicamba, major metabolite, was detected from the culture broth. The half life of dicamba in the phosphate buffer extracts of Zoysia Japonica S. was 2.5 to 2.7 days. Trace amounts of 4- and 5-hydroxydicamba were detected in the extracts.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2000

The purpose of U7is work was to iilvestigate the degradation of s-h~azine hel-hicidcs, ahilzine and simazine by TNT-degrader under several relevaut physicochemical environ~nental parameters. TNT-degrader showed effective degradability of atrazine and snnazine as well. Both atrazme (GO 1i1~11) and simazine ( 4 5 rng//) were completely degraded within 30 hrs and 4 days of incubation, respectively. As d ~ e concentrations of atrazine and sunazine increased in the media, the degradation ofthose compounds were delayed. Additional caubans were essential to degrade atrazine and simazule, and no degradation was achieved in the absence of additional carbons. The effect of supplemented nitrogens on the degradation of atrazine and sunazine was evalualed. Addition of a suppleinented nitrogen in he growth medium containing ah-azine or siinazine showed partial degr-adation olihose herbicides duriug the incubation period. However, complete degradation of atrazine and simazu~e was examined ul the absence or any supplemented nitrogens. Addltion of yeast extract in this study was inhibilory to atrazine aud siinazine degradations, respectively. TNT-degrader was a small Gram-negative cocco-bacillus. Physiological analysis using BIOLOG sysleln revealed that this strain was Ste~~ol~~opl~orno~~ns rrialtophilia.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 1976

A microbial strain capable of degrading ABS (alkyl benzene sulfonate) was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas caryophylli. During the incubation of the isolated bacterium in a synthetic effluent containing 10 ppm of ABS, the extents of removal of ABS, BOD and COD were 40％, 89％ and 71％, respectively. The degradability of ABS by pure culture with the isolated strain was twice higher than that of mixed culture with natural microflora. The biodegradability of some commercial detergents in Korea by the isolated organism was as follows: Hiti 46.2％, Kleenup 37.5％, No.1 29％, and OK 27.9％.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2003

The lignin degrading fungi were isolated from decayed woods and fruiting bodies gathered in forest area. Lignin degradation ability was investigated by Klason lignin of microbial treated pine wood. Among selected fungi, CJ-6 had 49.48% Klason lignin loss which was greater than 40.58% shown by Trametes versicolor that it is known as a typical lignin degrading fungus. Also, the biodegradation process and morphological features of degraded pine wood by selected fungi were observed with the scanning electron microscope. At the stage of 20 days incubation, mycelia invasion was observed without any failure of wood structure. At 60 days, wood decay was gone in some degree and one part of tracheid and ray wall was destroyed. At 100 days, tracheid wall was severely destroyed, and distinction between ray cell was difficult as cell wall was decayed much.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.453-456
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• 2007

가금류의 도축 부산물로 대량 배출되고 있는 우모는 주로 생물학적으로 난분해성 단백질인 케라틴으로 구성되어 있다. 따라서 물리화학적 처리에 의하여 우모를 처리하고 있으나 이 방법은 환경오염을 유발한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 환경친화적 우모 분해 공정을 개발하고, 우모 분해산물의 식물 성장을 위한 비료로서의 가치를 평가하기 위하여 퇴비화 볏짚에서 케라틴 분해효소 생성능이 우수한 균주인 RS7을 분리하였다. RS7의 생화학적 특성과 16S rDNA의 염기 서열을 분석하여 동정한 결과, Bacillus pumilus RS7로 동정되었다. B. pumilus RS7은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 배양 5일 만에 우모를 완전히 분해할 수 있었다. 본 균주에 의한 우모 분해산물은 Helianthus sannuus L.의 생장율, 잎 수 증가량, 개화율, 건조 생체량에 있어 대조군과 화학적 우모 분해산물보다 우수하였다. Bacillus pumilus RS7에 의한 우모 분해산물은 식물 성장 촉진을 위한 미생물기원 비료로써의 역할을 수행할 수 있었으며, 이에 따라 양계산업에서 배출되는 우모 폐기물이 환경에 주는 악영향을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 예측된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1989

Carbon sources and nitrogen sources are known to be very important in protease production by microorganisms. The effects of carbon source and nitrogen source on protease biosynthesis by Bacillus licheniformis were investigated using batch cultures. As initial carbon and nitrogen concentrations of culture medium increased, the specific growth rate of Bacillus licheniformis was increased, while the specific protease production rate was decreased. From the results of batch cultures, a mathematical model which considers the effects of carbon source and cnitrogen source was proposed and the methods to increase the productivity of protease were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2004

소비자의 수요 변화에 부응한 고품질, 안전 농산물의 생산에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있는 현실에서, 생산자와 소비자가 신뢰할 수 있도록 미생물 안전성이 확보된 안전 농산물 생산을 위한 기술 개발 및 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 주로 생식으로 섭취되는 엽채류 중 상추를 대상으로 하여 살균액 처리 방법에 의한 미생물 경감을 조사하였다. 그램 양성균인 Becillus subfilis와 그램 음성균인 Escherichia coli, 저온 식중독균인 Listeria monocytogenes를 대상으로 하여 과산화수소수, 차아염소산나트륨 수용액, 초산수용액의 미생물 감소 효과를 측정한 결과 3% 과산화수소수 용액에 1분 이상 침지하는 방법이 90% 이상 (1/10 수준)의 경감 효과를 보였다. (중략)

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.10-17
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• 2009

Bioremediation has been applied as a proven technology in remediation of TPH contaminated soil. However, the efficiency of biodegradation is dependent on temperature as microbial activity is depressed at lower temperature ranges ($30^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$). The objective of this study was to develop microbes with enhanced activities at the stated temperature conditions and to evaluate the remediation effectiveness of these microbes in TPH contaminated soil. Experiments were conducted to isolate hydrocarbon degradable microbial consortia cultured under different temperature conditions. It was found that there were 5 strains of mesophilic ($30^{\circ}C$) and 3 strains of psychrophilic ($80^{\circ}C$) microbes. The TPH concentration was reduced from 4,044 mg/kg to 1,084 mg/kg, (73.2%) in 10 days by using mesophilic microbial consortia and from 5,427 mg/kg to 1,756 (67.6%) in 50 days with psychrophilic microbial consortia in laboratory cultures under controlled conditions. This rate determination excluded physical degradation such as venting and dilution. A field study was then performed to examine the feasibility of applying these microbes in the land-farming process. In this case, 87.1% of the 2,560 mg/kg TPH contaminated soil was degraded in 56 days. The biodegradation rate coefficient (k) was $0.0374\;day^{-1}$. Findings of this study provide viable options for applying microbes for bioremediation of TPH in lower temperature conditions.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.457-462
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• 1988

A potent actinomycetes strain was selected to digest raw starch, which was classified as a strain of Streptomyces sp.. Its amylase production was maximized when it was grown on wheat bran extract media added 4% of cooked corn starch and 0.16% of potassium nitrate for 6 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and initial pH 6.2.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.407-413
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• 1986

In an agitated bead reaction system, the enzymatic saccharification of uncooked starch was substantially enhanced. The enhancement mechanism was investigated front the view of the structural aspect of starch. The mechanical impact caused by the movement of the attrition-milling media resulted neither the destruction of microcrystalline structure nor the fragmentation of starch granule. instead, the most distinct phenomenon was the swelling of starch granule up to about 2.5 times, and the swelling mechanism was not similar with that caused by cooking. However, in the case of the enzyme addition in the attrition coupled reaction system, the swollen starch was easily fragmented into the large number of small particles by the synergistic action of the enzyme and milling-media. The exposed surface area of the fragmented particles plays the major role in enhancing the saccharification. The saccharification rate was quite different depending on the source of starch, the reason was discussed in terms of the granular structure of uncooked starches.