• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.18-23
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• 2014

한국어 맞춤법 검사기는 전자화된 한국어 텍스트에 나타난 오류어를 검색하여 이를 교정할 대치어를 제시하는 시스템이다. 이때 오류어의 유형은 크게 단순 철자오류와 문맥의존 철자오류로 구분할 수 있다. 이중 문맥의존 철자오류는 어절(word)단위로 봤을 때는 정확하지만, 문맥을 고려하였을 때 오류가 되는 유형으로 교정 난도가 매우 높다. 문맥의존 철자오류의 교정 방법은 크게 규칙을 이용한 방법과 통계 정보에 기반을 둔 방법으로 나뉜다. 이때 규칙을 이용한 방법은 그 특성상 정확도가 매우 높지만, 반대로 재현율이 매우 낮다. 본 논문에서는 본 연구진이 기존에 연구하였던 규칙을 일반화하는 방식에 추가로 조건부 확률을 이용한 통계 방식을 결합하여 정확도를 유지하면서 재현율을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.593-596
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• 2008

• 간의등불
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• s.21
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• pp.14-17
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• 2001

간경변이 되면 간장에 섬유가 증가되어 간장이 딱딱하게 되고 탄력이 없어진다. 그 때문에 간장 전체 내부의 혈란이 압박을 받는다든지 막힌다든지 하여 혈액의 흐름에 방해를 받게 된다. 간장에 유입되는 혈액의 통로에는 간동맥과 문맥의 두가지가 있지만 간경변이 되면 그 중 특히 문맥의 혈류가 정체되어 문맥압이 상승된다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2006.10e
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

한국어의 자연어처리 및 정보검색분야에서 자동 띄어쓰기는 매우 중요한 문제이다. 신문기사에서조차 잘못된 띄어쓰기를 발견할 수 있을 정도로 띄어쓰기가 어려운 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 자기 조직화 n-gram모델을 이용해 자동 띄어쓰기의 정확도를 높이는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 문맥의 길이를 바꿀 수 있는 가변길이 n-gram모델을 기본으로 하여 모델이 자동으로 문맥의 길이를 결정하도록 한 것으로, 일반적인 n-gram모델에 비해 더욱 높은 성능을 얻을 수 있다. 자기조직화 n-gram모델은 최적의 문맥의 길이를 찾기 위해 문맥의 길이를 늘였을 때 나타나는 확률분포와 문맥의 길이를 늘이지 않았을 태의 확률분포를 비교하여 그 차이가 크다면 문맥의 길이를 늘이고, 그렇지 않다면 문맥의 길이를 자동으로 줄인다. 즉, 더 많은 정보가 필요한 경우는 데이터의 차원을 높여 정확도를 올리며, 이로 인해 증가된 계산량은 필요 없는 데이터의 양을 줄임으로써 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 통해 n-gram모델의 자기 조직화 구조가 기본적인 모델보다 성능이 뛰어나다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.362-367
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 Self-Attention을 활용한 딥러닝 기반 문맥의존 철자오류 교정 모델을 제안한다. 문맥의존 철자오류 교정은 최근 철자오류 교정 분야에서 활발히 연구되고 있는 문제 중 하나이다. 기존에는 규칙 기반, 확률 기반, 임베딩을 활용한 철자오류 교정이 연구되었으나, 아직 양질의 교정을 수행해내기에는 많은 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 교정 모델들의 단점을 보완하기 위해 Self-Attention을 활용한 문맥의존 철자오류 교정 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 Self-Attention을 활용하여 기존의 임베딩 정보에 문맥 의존적 정보가 반영된 더 나은 임베딩을 생성하는 역할을 한다. 전체 문장의 정보가 반영된 새로운 임베딩을 활용하여 동적으로 타겟 단어와의 관련 단어들을 찾아 문맥의존 철자 오류교정을 시행한다. 본 논문에서는 성능평가를 위해 세종 말뭉치를 평가 데이터로 이용하여 제안 모델을 실험하였고, 비정형화된 구어체(Kakao Talk) 말뭉치로도 평가 데이터를 구축해 실험한 결과 비교 모델보다 높은 정확율과 재현율의 성능향상을 보였다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.769-783
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• 2000

In this paper, in order to disambiguate Korean noun word sense, we define a local context and explain how to extract it from a raw corpus. Following the intuition that two different nouns are likely to have similar meanings if they occur in the same local context, we use, as a clue, the word that occurs in the same local context where the target noun occurs. This method increases the usability of extracted knowledge and makes it possible to disambiguate the sense of infrequent words. And we can overcome the data sparseness problem by extending the verbs in a local context. The sense of a target noun is decided by the maximum similarity to the clues learned previously. The similarity between two words is computed by their concept distance in the sense hierarchy borrowed from WordNet. By reducing the multiplicity of clues gradually in the process of computing maximum similarity, we can speed up for next time calculation. When a target noun has more than two local contexts, we assign a weight according to the type of each local context to implement the differences according to the strength of semantic restriction of local contexts. As another knowledge source, we get a co-occurrence information from dictionary definitions and example sentences about the target noun. This is used to support local contexts and helps to select the most appropriate sense of the target noun. Through experiments using the proposed method, we discovered that the applicability of local contexts is very high and the co-occurrence information can supplement the local context for the precision. In spite of the high multiplicity of the target nouns used in our experiments, we can achieve higher performance (89.8%) than the supervised methods which use a sense-tagged corpus.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1988

Alterations in splanchnic circulatory hemodynamics along with reactivities to the alpha adrenoceptor agonists were assessed in association with the preventive effects of propranolol 10 days after portal ligation. Decreases in precapillary resistance (Ra) and postcapillary resistance (Rv) along with increases in mesenteric blood flow (MBF) and capillary pressure (CP) were observed in conjunction with an increment of splenic pulp pressure (SPP). Dose-dependent increase in Rv in response to noradrenaline, increases in Ra and RV to adrenaline, and increases in superior mesenteric arterial pressure (SMAP), Ra and Rv to phenylephrine observed in sham group were significantly attenuated by portal vein stenosis. In PPL-3 group (propranolol 3 mg/kg, i.p. three times daily for 10 days), MBF was significantly decreased in association with decrease in mesenteric venous pressure (MVP) when compared with those of protal ligated (PL) group, and decreased Ra and Rv in PL group were recovered toward the values of sham group. Likewise, in PPL-1 group (propranolol 5 mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 10 days), the pressor response of Rv to adrenaline was recovered up to the level of sham group. Thus, it is suggested that decreases in Ra and Rv in association with increases in MBF and CP may have a close relevance to the increased SPP, and the changes in circulatory hemodynamics and vascular reactivities were effectively reversed by longterm propranolol treatment. Based on these results, it is concluded that these changes observed in portal hypertension are closely related with the altered functions of the adrenoceptors in the splanchnic vascular beds.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.3 s.99
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

This paper describes an Adaptive Context-aware Service (ACS) using Model Driven Architecture (MDA)-based Service Creation Environment (SCE) on PARLAY X based service delivery platform in ubiquitous computing environments. It can be expected that both the context-awareness and adaptation in ubiquitous computing environments will be deployed. But the existing context-aware middleware lacks in considering adaptation. Therefore, the object of this paper is to support the architecture and the Application Programming Interface (API) of the network service for both the context-awareness and adaptation in ubiquitous computing environment. ACS is to provide users with the adaptive network service to the changing context constraints as well as detecting the changing context. For instance, ACS can provide users with QoS in network according to the detected context, after detecting the context such as location and speed. The architecture of ACS is comprised of a Service Creation Environment (SCE), Adaptive Context Broker and PARLAY gateway. SCE is to use Context-based Constraint Language (CCL) for an expression of context-awareness and adaptation. Adaptive Context Broker is to make a role of the broker between SCE and PARLAY G/W. PARLAY G/W is to support API for PARLAY X-based service delivery platform.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

Context dependent fusion (CDF) is a fusion algorithm that combines multiple outputs from different classifiers to achieve better performance. CDF tries to divide the problem context into several homogeneous sub-contexts and to fuse data locally with respect to each sub-context. CDF showed better performance than existing methods, however, it is sensitive to noise due to the large number of parameters optimized and the innate linearity limits the application of CDF. In this paper, a variant of CDF using support vector machines (SVMs) for fusion and kernel principal component analysis (K-PCA) for context extraction is proposed to solve the problems in CDF, named CDF-SVM. Kernel PCA can shape irregular clusters including elliptical ones through the non-linear kernel transformation and SVM can draw a non-linear decision boundary. Regularization terms is also included in the objective function of CDF-SVM to mitigate the noise sensitivity in CDF. CDF-SVM showed better performance than CDF and its variants, which is demonstrated through the experiments with a landmine data set.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 1999

Background: Nitric oxide, a vasodilator synthesized from L-arginine by vascular endothelial cells, accounts for the biological activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Previous studies demonstrated that nitric oxide inhibitor, $N^{\omega}$-Nitro-L-Arginine(NNA) diminished the hyperdynamic splanchnic and systemic circulation in portal hypertensive rats The present study was done to determine the role of nitric oxide in the development of hyperdynamic circulations in the prehepatic portal hypertensive rat model produced by partial portal vein ligation. Methods: The portal hypertensive rats were divided into water ingestion group and NNA ingestion group. After partial portal vein ligation, NNA ingestion group and water ingestion group received NNA 1mg/kg/day and plain water through the mouth for 14 days, respectively. Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, organ blood flow and porto-systemic shunting were measured by radioisotope labeled microsphere methods. Vascular resistances were calculated by standard equation. Results: There were significant decreases in mean arterial pressure, increases in cardiac output and cardiac index, and decreases in total systemic and splanchnic vascular resistance in portal hypertensive rats compared to normal control group (p<0.01). Compared to the water ingestion group, significantly increased mean arterial pressure with decreased cardiac output and cardiac index were developed in the NNA ingestion group. Total systemic and splanchnic vascular resistance were significantly increased in the NNA ingestion group compared to water ingestion group (p<0.05). But, there was no significant difference in portal pressure between the two groups. Conclusion: The hemodynamic results of this study indicate that hyperdynamic circulation in prehepatic portal hypertensive rat mode1 was attenuated by ingestion of NNA. Nitric oxide may play an important role in the development of hyperdynamic circulation with splanchnic vasodilation in chronic portal hypertension.