• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

As data acquisition using unmanned aerial vehicles is widely used, as one of the ways to increase the accuracy of photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles, a method of inputting both vertical and oblique images in bundle adjustment of aerial triangulation has been proposed. In this study, in order to find a suitable method for increasing the accuracy of photogrammetry, the accuracy of the case of adjusting the oblique images taken at different shooting angles and the case of adjusting the oblique images with different shooting angles at the same time with the vertical images were compared. As a result of the study, it was found that the error of the checkpoint decreases as the angle of the input oblique images increases. In particular, when the vertical images and oblique images are used together, the height error decreases significantly as the angle of the oblique images increases. The current 『Aerial Photogrammetry Work Regulation』 requires RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), which is the same as GSD (Ground Spatial Distance) of a vertical image. When using an oblique images with a shooting angle of 50°, a result close to this standard is obtained. If the vertical images and the 50° oblique images were adjusted at the same time, the work regulations could be satisfied. Using the results of this study, it is expected that photogrammetry using low-cost cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles will become more active.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.285-290
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• 1992

VTR(Video Tape Decoder) 데크(deck) 메카니즘의 조립과정중 최종공정인 주행계 조정공정은 비디오 테이프와 영상 헤드, 음성/콘트롤 헤드의 상대위치를 맞추는 공정으로 VTR의 화질을 좌우하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 주행계 조정나사들을 조정하는 나사조정장치와 이를 제어하여 VTR 데크 메카니즘의 주행계를 자동으로 조정하는 제어시스템을 설계, 제작하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 VTR 데크메카니즘의 주행계 자동조정장치는 5개의 조정 나사를 모두 조정 가능하도록 구성되어 있기 때문에 시행착오로 인한 반복 조정 작업이 가능하게 되었다. 이것으로 공정의 합리화 및 자동화를 통한 공정의 무인화를 이루는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

In many cases of underwater blasting in South Korea, the special blasting is mainly used for deepening harbor, installing gas pipes, or well blasting to build a bridge. The procedure of well blasting is almost same with shaft blasting, but the difference is that water is filled in before blasting. In case of deepening blasting under water, the first step like drilling, arranging explosives, and wire connection is done on a barge, then the next step such as charging and tamping is accomplished under water by expert divers. Therefore, underwater blasting needs precise and exact plan before blasting. In this paper, authors would like to introduce a case of underwater blasting for deepening the Busan new port with emulsion explosives and non-electric detonators in order to get some of 8,500TEU out sized container vessels entered into the port and to make safe. Considering environment and vibration, the blasting was controlled to minimized the damage to the lighthouse nearby. It will be great help to many other blasting sites where emulsion explosives and non-electric detonators are used for underwater blasting through this case.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.04b
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• pp.76-80
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• 1993

절삭가공중에서 DRILL가공은 일반기계가공 공정중에 23 .approx. 25% 정도의 비율을 점우하고 있는 중요한 위치의 작업의 하나이고 또한 요구되는 정밀도를 만족하기 어렵고, 높은 생산성이 요구되는 가공법이다. 기계가공의 무인화, 자동화, 고능률화 및 정도향상 이라는 측면에서 더욱 이에 대응할 수 있는 가공방법 즉 공작물, 공구재료, 공구형상 및 절삭조건등에 걸쳐 광범위하게 연구개발 되어 져 가고 있다. 이 작업중 특히 곤란한 것은 깊은 구멍가공(DEEP HOLE DRILL)으로서 깊이/직경의 비가 극히 높은(약 5배이상) 절삭가공 의 경우에는 CHIP의 배출, 절삭날부의 윤활, 공구의 진동등의 문제로 인하여 일반적인 절삭가공 공법으로는 가공이 여려운 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 Solid BTA Drill(Mlti-tip Drill Head with Brazed Tips)에 의하여 가공에요구되는 절삭성 분석과 절삭조건의 변화에 따른 공작물의 가공정도 즉, 가공구멍의 직경의 변화, 표면거칠기. 진원도의 변화상태 및 공구의 마모된 현상에 대하여 실험조사하여 공구에 제한된 수명을 연장하고, 제품에 요구되는 품질수준을 확보하는가에 대하여 본 실험을 통하여 분석하도록 하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2005

In recent years, AGVs(Automated Guided Vehicles) have received growing attention as a subsystem of the integrated container operating system which enables unmanned control. improvement of job reliability, accuracy and productivity. Therefore, a number of works have been done to enhance the performance AGVs. In this paper. job deployment and a dynamic routing control system composed of supervisor, traffic controller. motion controller and routing table are discussed. A simple job deployment scheme and an efficient dynamic routing algorithm incorporating with the deadlock prediction and avoidance algorithm are investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.20-25
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• 1994

절삭공정의 자동화의 무인화를 달성하기 위해서는 경험을 가진 작업자의 역활이 컴퓨터에 의한 자동적인 감시 및 제어시스템으로 대체되어야 한다. 특히 공작기계에서 발생할 수 있는 자체의 고장이나 절삭과정중에 발생하는 이상상태를 실시간으로 검출하여 원인을 자동적으로 진달 할 수 있어야 한다. 절삭가공 공작기계의 이상상태 감시 및 진단의 현황을 살펴보면 주로 공구상태의 감시와 채터 감시가 연구의 대상 이 되고 있다. 공구상태의 감시는 공구의 마모와 파단을 검출하고 있다. 이 중에서 공구의 파단은 발생 즉시 실시간으로 감시되어야 한다. 밀링작업에서는 1회전 이내의 공구회전에 파단을 검출하고 기계를 정지시켜야 한다. 최근의 절삭가공에서는 절삭공구로 강력절삭을 위해 고경도 재료를 사용함에 따라 공구의 파단이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 정면밀링과 같은 단속절상에서는 절삭날이 큰 충격을 받으므로 더욱 파단에 대한 감시가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2018

DSM and orthoimage, which are representative results of UAV photogrammetry, are high-quality spatial information data and are widely used in various fields of spatial information industry in recent years. However, the UAV photogrammetry has a problem that the quality of the output of the UAV deteriorates due to the altitude of the UAV, the camera calibration, the weather conditions at the time of shooting, the performance of the GPS / IMU and the number of the ground reference points. The purpose of this study is to analyze the location accuracy of unmanned aerial photogrammetry according to the change of the number if ground control points. Experiments were made with fixed wing, and the shooting altitude was set at 130m and 260m. The number of ground reference points used was 9, 8, 5, and 4, respectively. Ten checkpoints were used. XY RMSE for orthoimage and Z RMSE for DSM were compared and analyzed. In addition, the resolution of the orthoimage was determined to affect the judgment of the operator in the verification of the planimetric position accuracy, and the visual resolution was analyzed using the Siemens star target. As a result of the analysis, the variation of the vertical position accuracy is larger than the variation of the planimetric position accuracy when the number of the ground reference points are different. Also The higher the flying height, the greater the effect of change of ground control points on position accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.527-534
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop unmanned equipment that can automatically move to the desired point and measure water quality at the correct depth. For this purpose, we constructed a water sampling lift and water sampling container, an unmanned vessel equipped with a VRS-GPS, an acoustic echo sounder, and a water quality sensor. Also, we developed an automatic navigation algorithm and program, an automatic water sampling program, and a water quality map generation program. As a result of the experiment in the detention pond, the unmanned vessel sailed along the planned route with an accuracy of about 93% within the error range of 3m. In addition, the water quality sensor installed in the lift was able to acquire the water quality of the target area in real time and transmit it to the server via wireless Internet, and it was possible to monitor the water quality of each site in real time. Through field experiments, the water sampling lift was able to control the desired length with an accuracy of about 94%. The stretch length accuracy experiment of the water sampling lift was impossible to measure directly in the water, so it was replaced land-based experiment. We also found some unstable problems due to the weight of the water sampling lift and the weight of the air compressor to operate the water container. Except these two problems, we accomplished purpose of this study. An automated water quality measurement method using an unmanned vessel can be used to measure the quality of water in a difficult to access area and to secure the safety of the worker.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.197-205
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• 2020

Compared to aerial photogrammetry, UAV photogrammetry has advantages in acquiring and utilizing high-resolution images more quickly. The production of 3D models using UAV photogrammetry has become an important issue at a time when the applications of 3D spatial information are proliferating. Therefore, this study assessed the feasibility of utilizing 3D models produced by UAV photogrammetry through quantitative and qualitative analyses. The qualitative analysis was performed in accordance with the LODs (Level of Details) specified in the 3D Land Spatial Information Construction Regulation. The results showed that the features on planes have a high LoD while features with elevation differences have a low LoD due to the occlusion area and parallax. Quantitative analysis was performed using the 3D coordinates obtained from the CPs (Checkpoints) and edges of nearby structures. The mean errors for residuals at CPs were 0.042 m to 0.059 m in the horizontal and 0.050 m to 0.161 m in the vertical coordinates while the mean errors in the structure's edges were 0.068 m and 0.071 m in horizontal and vertical coordinates, respectively. Therefore, this study confirmed the potential of 3D models from UAV photogrammetry for analyzing the digital twin and slope as well as BIM (Building Information Modeling).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.474-480
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• 2019

We propose a method to evaluate a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) using a circular target. In addition, a MATLAB GUI-based resolution analysis tool was developed to enhance the reliability of UAV image quality and the efficiency of the work. For this purpose, images were taken with an FC-6310 during flights at altitudes of 80 m, 120 m, and 150 m and by an iXM-100 at altitudes of 150 m, 200 m, and 400 m. The MTFs of UAV images were compared with traditional photogrammetry by measuring and analyzing MTFs on images taken by the UltraCAM Eagle Mark-2 sensor at a flight altitude of 1000 m. The results show that ${\sigma}MTF$ of the FC-6310 were 0.431(80 m), 0.524(120 m), and 0.699(150 m), and those of the iXM-100 were 0.332(150 m), 0.393(200 m), and 0.631(400 m), respectively. At the altitude of 150 m, the image quality of the iXM-100, which has a high-performance camera, was very high, and the effect of the camera performance on the image quality was confirmed. In addition, the ${\sigma}MTF$ of the UltraCAM Eagle Mark-2 was 0.711 due to the high flight altitude. This was the worst value among all UAV images. However, the ${\sigma}MTF$ of the FC-6310 at 150-m altitude was 0.699, which is almost the same as that of a manned aerial image.