• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.131-155
• /
• 1983

Though it has been widely known the nitrogen effects are influenced by soils, varieties, and mineral nutrients in the rice culture, few analyses in relation to the factors increasing nitrogen effect have been studied in Korea. The effects of potassium and silica on the factors increasing nitrogen effects in paddy soils were investigated in accordance with soil improvement practices and nitrogen application methods for the cultivated varieties. The results obtained are as follows. 1. For 413 paddy fields, the yield from soils without nitrogen application ranged from 200 to 850kg/10a and that from nitrogen application did 350 to 1,051kg/10a. The yield increament by nitrogen application varied 50 to 650kg/10a depending on soils. 2. Soil chemical characteristics for high yield were different between with nitrogen and without nitrogen application. In the without nitrogen application, however, contents of organic matter, phosphorous, potassium and calcium of high yield soils were lower than those of low yield, while the available silica content was higher in the former. 3. The yield increased with nitrogen application up to 22.4kg/10a and thereafter it decreased. These phenomena were supposed to be not be decrease of nitrogen uptake but by lowered silica uptake. 4. Clay soil incorporation, deep plough, and inorganic constituents control such as Ca, Mg, and $Sio_2$ were effective as soil improvement praitices. It was appeared that increases of silica content and Ca/Mg ratio were important to increase nitrogen effects. 5. For the correlation between yield and yield components, it was high between yield and panicle in low nitrogen level and so was it between grain yield and ripening rate in high nitrogen. 6. In the urea and super granule urea application plot, recovery rate of nitrogen by plant and soil was high and yield was remarkable high. 7. Regardless of fertilizer types such as ammonium sulfate and urea, the residual nitrogen was about 4kg/10a in both plots of 5.8 and 11.6kg/10a. N applied. 8. The potassium application to soil enhanced the nitrogen efficiency. It was more effective in low potassium soil. 9. Optimum pH value for gel formation in the 4% sodium silicate solution was approximately 6.6. 10. It was suggested that silica could affect to rice plant growth as the inorganic and organic chemical components.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 2011

The study aims to provide future implications for planning nature trails called Dullegil in the national park located in the city in Korea as new visiting culture for sustainability of environment and use. The telephone survey used quota sampling with 300 Seoulite ages from 20 to 69 by area, gender, and age, which was conducted to find out the perception on a Dullegil in Bukhansan National Park. The result shows more than 65% of Seoulite go climbing and aiming the mountain top as a general visitor behavior. The intention to use Dullegil was very high at 58%, which forecasts the use of Dullegil as a substitute for a trail to the intensified mountain top. However, the effectiveness of Dullegil to divert intensive use could be limited as the major group of climbers showed relatively low intention to use Dullegil as an alternative. As for the management direction, majority favors balanced management between use and conservation, even if conservation was preferred to use. Most important guiding principle for building Dullegil was conservation of environment, the planning direction should be oriented to conserve the ecological environment of Bukhansan, and to enjoy its value. Facilities for visitor safety was most needed. Most preferable time and length were 1~3 hours and 11~20km, each. This study has a limitation as the site was limited to Bukhansan and potential demand for use was analyzed with the sample of Seoulite only. To come up with the results generally applicable, more detailed future researches by the visitor segmentation, use behavior, and demand are needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.454-458
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Rotavirus is the main cause of infantile diarrheal disease worldwide. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference between clinical manifestations and feeding or delivery methods in healthy full-term neonates and those with nosocomially-acquired rotaviral infection. Methods : The study was conducted on 348 babies who were delivered in Dongguk University Kyongju Hospital from Jan 1 to June 30 in 2001. Stool specimens were collected from clinically symptomatic neonates. We studied the rate of positive stool rotazyme ELISA tests and positive symptoms. We compared the frequency of clinical manifestations according to the feeding methods [breast feeding(BF) or formula feeding(FF)] and the delivery methods[normal vaginal delivery(NVD) or Cesarean section(C/sec)]. Results : Rotavirus was detected in 152 of 348 babies. The rate of positive rotazyme ELISA test was 43.7% in healthy full-term symptomatic neonates. The most common symptom of rotaviral enteritis was mild fever; the others were watery diarrhea, abdominal distension, vomiting, delayed weight gain, irritability, poor oral intake and dehydration. Compared with FF neonates, BF neonates have lower frequency of symptoms, especially watery diarrhea, delayed weight gain and poor oral intake. The symptomatic frequency was higher in FF and NVD neonates than BF and C/sec. Conclusion : The symptoms of rotaviral enteritis were less frequent in BF or C/sec delivered neonates. BF appeared to alleviate the rotaviral enteritis but further studies are needed. The cause of the lower frequency of symptoms in C/sec delivered neonates was unknown.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1978

A field experiment was conducted on a soil where habitual zinc deficiency has been observed, to investigate the effectiveness of two forms of zinc containing fertilizers: zinc enriched fused phosphate and zinc enriched compound fertilizer. The result of present study is summarized as following. 1. The sail used for the study contained relatively large amount of 1N $CH_2COONH_4$ extractable Ca and the pH was 7.03. Available Zn extracted by 0.1 HCl and available $SiO_2$ extracted by NaOAc were 3.35 ppm and 67.7 ppm respectively. 2. In control plots Zinc content of rice plant measured at 20 days after transplanting was 22-23 ppm, which was a little higher than the critical level (20ppm). But at harvesting stage it dropped to 15ppm. 3. The ratios of $P_2O_5/Zn$ and N/Zn tended to lower as the zinc applied to the soil increased. 4. Application of Zinc clearly increased the number of tillers and plant height as compared to the control. It was also observed that the plots received znic headed and matured earlier compared to the control plots by two weeks. 5. Application of zinc increased all of the yield components and the yield of rice. However, there were no statistical differences in yield and yield components among the forms and levels of zinc fertilizers.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.35-53
• /
• 1974

A series of experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the level of dietary Protein (soybean meal) and carbohydrate (sucrose) on the growth rate, feed efficiency, nutrients digestibility and amylase activity of larvae at 5th instar. The results obtained from the experimentation are summarized as follow： (1) It was found that the body weight gain, cocoon quality and feed efficiency of the 5th instar larvae were significantly affected by the level of protein and carbohydrate in the artificial diet. Present data revealed that the proper level of dietary protein and carbohydrate would be the most important factor for the optimum growth of larvae. (2) In the amount of diet consumption, the group of larvae gained more body weight consumed more diet than the group gained less amount of body weight. (3) Digestibility of nutrients was improved as the level of protein in the diet increased, although the level of dietary carbohydrate did not exert any positive results. (4) It was observed that the amylase activity in digestive juice was stimulated by the increasement of dietary carbohydrate. However, no correlation between the level of dietary protein and carbohydrate was detected in the amylase activity. (5) Analytical data indicated that the amount of protein or carbohydrate excreted through feces and urine was proportional to the content of protein or carbohydrate in artificial diet. The group o( larvae consumed the diet contained high protein excreted more protein and less nitrogen free extract than did the group received low protein diet. Likewise, the group of larvae fed high dietary carbohydrate excreted more nitrogen free extract and less protein through excreta than the group consumed low carbohydrate diet group. (6) Although the amylase activity of the larvae received the artificial diet was higher than the larvae received natural diet (mulberry leaf), the rate of body weight gam and the quality of cocoon produced from the natural diet group was better than the artificial diet group. It is, thus, concluded that feeding the larvae by the artificial diet may net be recommendable. (7) It was determined that the best level of protein (soybean meal) and carbohydrate (sucrose) in artificial diet was found to be 40g and 0g, respectively when it was fed to the 5th instar larvae. (8) It may be concluded from the results obtained that the artificial diet that could stimulate the activity of amylase nay not be recommendable for the practical larvae feeding Purpose due simply to the Poor economic return from this diet than natural diet.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of slaked lime($L_{0}$ ; 0.00, $L_1$; 3.75, $L_2$; 7.50, $L_3$; 11.25ｇ/pot) and silicate fertilizers($S_1$; 3.75, $S_2$; 7.50, $S_3$; 11.25ｇ/pot) on the seedling growth and yield of grass/clover mired swards on newly reclaimed hilly soil, and it's differences between both the soil improvers. The results obtained are summarized as fellows: Comparing with the $L_{0}$ treatment without soil improver, the seedling vigour and yields of both forages were markedly enhanced by the application of soil improver. The positive offsets of soil improvers tended to be relative higher on ladino clover than orchardgrass in mixed swards. The seeding vigour, botanical composition, and yield of ladino clover were more markedly influenced by the application of silicate fertilizer than slaked line. The yields of ladino clover were increased 75.8% by the 51 over $L_1$, and 32.0% by the $S_2$ over $L_2$, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 1999

A manure management plan is important for all dairy operations. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen(N) application rates of liquid cattle manure on the forage quality, N recovery, and total forage yields of corn-oats cropping system and soil properties at the National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suweon in 1997. Eight treatments consisting of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as urea, the continuous applications of 320, 640 and $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as liquid cattle manure(LCM), the residual effects of 200, 400 and $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as liquid cattle manure were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Mean plant height of fall sown oats was 70 and 61cm at the continuous application and the residual effect plots, respectively. Mean dry matter percent of fall sown oats at the residual effect plots was higher by 0.9% than that of oats at the continuous application plots, but there were no differences among all treatments. Mean crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of fall sown oats at the continuous application plots were higher by 1.0, 1.6, and 3.1%, respectively, than those of the residual effect plots. Also, there were significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). Total forage dry matter yields of corn and oats cropping system were ranged from 11,365 to $25,668kg\;ha^{-1}$ among the treatments. The yield was orderly ranked as LCM $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > LCM $640kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > LCM $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ (P<0.05). Compared with the control, manurial value(MV) was 158 and 139% for the plot of the LCM $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ and that of the LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. N recovery percent of fall sown oats was the highest at the plot of the LCM $200kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ by 50%, and then was higher in order of the LCM $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and LCM $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. Contents of exchangeable cation in the soil of the residual effect plots was higher than that of the continuous application plots. These results suggest that the LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ may be the most effective in total forage dry matter yields, manurial value, N recovery, and utilizing liquid manure N under the corn and oats double cropping system.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.38
• /
• pp.145-176
• /
• 2015

In animation, 'laughter' is an important factor for the fun. Dreamworks' animation is a successful popular animation. It has four series and spin-off animations, and settled as a successful case that created fun with strategic use of parody throughout the productions. Most preceding studies on this animation have focused on its humor, parody, and satire. However, not many studies have discussed its independent comedy as a piece of animation that satisfies the needs of public. This study considered that viewers' desire to watch an animation comes from their fantasies to discuss the comedy of based on its animated characters. Animated characters communicate with the public with wits that ignore the rules of reality. The characters that do not exist in reality are created and animated to turn the world of reality upside down. The comedy in comes from the entertaining deformation of the society's fixed ideas and prejudices. It is a fun variation of the ideology behind fairy tales created by the Disney animations to challenge Disney in the animation market in reality, and twisted the world of fairy tales in the story to quench the thirst of the public. 'Shrek', a monstrous character, stands in the center of the story. A monstrous character that always played an anti-role has become the main character to break the rule of fairy tales. This is the subjectivation of anti-character. Second, it is a new anti-character with an exaggerated and distorted body. Lord Farquad, who looks abject compared to the monstrous character for a person with so much power and ambition, brings laughter. Third, it is the variation of various characters from fairy tales. The conventional fairy tale characters, both animals and non-living things, come out of the box and appear as humorous characters that bring life to the story. uses comedy characters in the process of reinterpreting the fixed ideas, prejudices, and ideologies of the real world created by fairy tales. I hope that it helps Korean animations establish a successful format for creating characters that bring life to the stories.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.460-479
• /
• 2007

When culture took large part in industrial area, every country has tried to utilize own cultural contents for educational or commercial purpose and the various cultures and histories are recognized as a main concept or subject so that a number of scholars who study history increase. In video game field, special characteristics of interface that audiences participate in the game to complete story-telling is considered as efficient material for learning process. As observed above, it is important to analyze the games that every country makes and export to the world in which the video games is understood as a play of human in general. This Paper has firstly analyzed the most favorite historical games developed in Korea, the USA, Japan, Taiwan and Germany from 1980 to 2005 and secondly, compared that wars and historical origin appears in game scenario, a world view and background story and finally after point out the preferable era and genre of the countries then propose the promising way of design for historical video games. In the process of analysis of a view and heroes in historical games, we compared the real persons, the real historical events and novel in which 11.8% only employed the real persons in 8 out of 68 games. Also the real history and background story are appeared in 37 games which is 54.4% of them. We discovered that the main material that is popular for each country is the historical backing rather than real persons where the favorite historical background is chosen at which they are proud of; 3-Throne era with strong ancient Gogurye for Korea, the 1st and 2nd World Wars and the Independence War for the USA, the tide of war around Middle age for Japan, ancient history of Europe for Germany. The favorite age for video games is Ancient times with 37 games for 54.4%, Middle Age with 7 games fer 10.3%, the prehistoric age with 5 games for 7.35%, remote age with 1 for 1.47%, while current historical games favor Ancient or Modern Age.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.45-67
• /
• 2010

On July 21st in 2005, People's Bank of China (PBOC) turned the currency peg against the U.S. dollar into managed currency system based on a basket of unnamed currencies under China's exchanged rate regime. This change means that China's enterprises are not free from currency fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between Renminbi fluctuations in the floating exchange rate and financial results of venture companies. The process and outcomes of this study are as follows, First, in order to measure the financial results of venture companies, I choose venture companies in Shandong Province listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) at random and several quarter financial sheets according to safety ratios, profitability ratios, growth ratios, activity ratios. Second, I arrange the daily Renminbi exchange rate data announced from July 21st, 2005 to December 31st, 2008 by PBOC into the quarterly data. Third, in order to confirm the relations between Renminbi fluctuations and financial results of venture companies, I carry out Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has weakly negative effects on debt ratio, total assets turnover ratio and equity turnover ratio in statistics. But the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi is not related to other financial index in statistics. The result of this study is that the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has little influence on the export and import of Chinese venture companies and certifies the fact that Chinese venture companies have much foreign currency assets. In addition to avoid the currency exposure risk, this study shows the effective method about currency exposure risk which adjusts proportion of Renminbi to foreign currency.