• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 1989

Of 34 evaluated patients with primary spinal cord tumors, 32 were irradiated at our institution between 1969 and 1983. The results are reported of 32 patients, 16 with ependymoma and 16 with astrocytoma, who were treated with post-operative external beam radiotherapy following biopsy or subtotal resection Twenty-nine patients received $45\~55Gy$ megavoltage beam irradiation in $5\~6$ weeks and the remaining three patients received less than 40Gy. Spinal cord was in the irradiated field for six patients who received more than 50Gy. The minimum follow-up was five years. Five and ten year acturaial survival rates for entire group of patients were $73\%(22/30)\;and\;50\%(8/16)$, including three patients who were salvaged by surgery after radiation failures. Corresponding five and ten year relapse free survival rates were $60\%(18/30)\;and\;32\%(6/19)$, respectively. Of the 29 patients who recived more than 45Gy, relapse free survival at five years was $63\%(17/27)$. Treatment failed in 13 patients and all of those failures were in the irradiated portal. Patients with ependymomas have significantly better relapse free survival than those with astrocytomas, $80\%\;vs.\;40\%$ (p<0.05). There was significant difference in survival between patients with tumors involving the cervical spine and those with tumors in the other loactions, $45\%$ vs. $89\%(p<0.05)$. There was no significant differnece in survival between patients with cauda equina tumors and those with tumors at spinal cord, $100\%\;vs.\;68\%(p>0.05)$. No radiotherapy related neurological deficit was noted with a maximum 20 year follow-up. This study confirms that external beam radiotherapy is a safe and effective treatment modality for primary spinal cord tumors.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.387-395
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• 1993

To identify pretreatment prognostic factors in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of 510 patients treated with curative radiation therapy in Seoul National University Hospital during the 7 year period, from March 1979 through December 1986. According to FIGO classification,35 patients were stage I B,89 were stage IIA, 232 were stage IIB,8 were stage IIIA, 134 were IIIB, and 12 were stage IVA. Five year locoregional control (LRC) rates in stage I B, II A, II B, IIIA, IIIB, and IVA were $79\%,78\%,70\%,58\%,51\%\;and\;27\%,$ respectively. Five year disease free survival (DFS) rates were $76\%,67\%,60\$,57\%,40\%,\;and\;25\%,$ respectively. Overall survival (OS) rates at five years were $82\%,72\%,67\%,67\%,51\%,\;and\;33\%,$ respectively. In univariate analyses, stage, age, initial hemoglobin level, type of histology, tumor size, and several CT findings including pelvic lymph node (LN) status, paraaortic lymph node (PAN) status, extent of parametrial invasion, bladder invasion, and rectal invasion were significant factors in terms of LRC. All these factors and elevation of BUN or creatinine were associated with DFS. In terms of overall survival, stage, initial hemoglobin level, type of histology, tumor size, elevation of BUN or creatinine, and five CT findings associated with LRC were prognostically significant. In multivariate analysis excluding CT findings, stage IV disease, non-squamous histology, and tumor size $\ge$4 cm were associated with poor LRC and DFS. Stage IV disease and tumor size significantly affected OS. in multivariate analysis including CT findings, histology, tumor size, and pelvic LN status on CT were uniformly significant in terms of LRC, DFS, and 05, PAN status on CT affected overall survival only.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1990

Retrospective analyses were done of 48 patients with early glottic cancer, 31 with T1NOMO and 17 with T2NOMO, who received radiation therapy from March 1979 to August 1984 at Seoul National University Hospital with the prescribed full dosage. The median follow-up period was 67 months (range: 34 months$\~$126 months), and the percent follow-up for longer than five years was $85.4\%$ The five-year actuarial overall and recurrence-free survival rates of the whole patient group were $83.2\%\;and\;69.4\%$, respectively. The five-year actuarial overall and recurrence-free survival rates of the T1 group were $87.1\%\;and\;76.0\%$, and those of the T2 group were $76.5\%\;and\;58.2\%$, respectively. Possible causes of the failures to radiation therapy, the dose-response relationship, association with the second malignant tumors, and some recommendations for better treatment outcome are analyzed and discussed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The influence of growth regulators (NAA and BA) and sucrose concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7, 9%) on in vitro rapid-propagation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was investigated with single-node or shoot-tip culture of two cultivars ('Matnami' and 'Shinhwangmi'). The survival rate and growth of shoot-tip explant was also investigated under the presence or absence of light (blue and red LED = 7:3, 150±5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD) during minimal-growth in vitro conservation at 15℃. Vine length, vine diameter, fresh weight and dry weight were enhanced without callusing of explant in the MS medium supplemented with 0.2-0.5 mg·L^-1 BA. The growth of single-node and shoot-tip explants were significantly enhanced with the increase of vine length, number of leaf, number of root, fresh weight, and dry weight in the solid medium containing 5% sucrose and 0.2 mg·L^-1 BA. Vine elongation of shoot-tip explants were highest in the liquid medium containing 3% sucrose than the solid medium. The survival rate of minimal-growth in vitro conservation was 100% in 5 months under the presence of light (LED, 150±5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD) at 15℃, but the explants in dark condition died in 3 months. The light was absolutely necessary for the in vitro conservation under minimal-growth conditions of virus-free sweet potato plantlets at 15℃, and the high density of explants (10 plantlets per Petri Dish) was increased the efficiency of mass conservation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.126-132
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the prognostic factors for the pathologic N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were treated by postoperative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 112 pN2 NSCLC patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) From January 1999 to February 2008. Seventy-five (67%) patients received segmentectomy or lobectomy and 37 (33%) patients received pneumonectomy. The resection margin was negative in 94 patients, and it was positive or close in 18 patients. Chemotherapy was administered to 103 (92%) patients. Nine (8%) patients received PORT alone. The median radiation dose was 54 Gy (range, 45 to 66), and the fraction size was 1.8~2 Gy. Results: The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 60.2% and the disease free survival (DFS) rate was 44.7% for all the patients. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with multiple-station N2 disease had significantly reduced OS and DFS (p=0.047, p=0.007) and the patients with an advanced T stage ($\geq$T3) had significantly reduced OS and DFS (p<0.001, p=0.025). A large tumor size ($\geq$5 cm) and positive lymphovascular invasion reduced the OS (p=0.035, 0.034). Using multivariate analysis, we found that multiple-station N2 disease and an advanced T stage ($\geq$T3) significantly reduced the OS and DFS. Seventy one patients (63.4%) had recurrence of disease. The patterns of failure were loco-regional in 23 (20.5%) patients, distant failure in 62 (55.4%) and combined loco-regional and distant failure in 14 (12.5%) patients. Conclusion: Multiple involvement of mediastinal nodal stations for the pN2 NSCLC patients with PORT was a poor prognostic factor in this study. A prospective study is necessary to evaluate the N2 subclassification and to optimize the adjuvant treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.160-169
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• 2007

Purpose: This study reports the results of the use of preoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy (CRCT) for the treatment of locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: From 1998 through 2005, 61 patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer at stages II-IVB (without distant organ metastasis and presumed to be respectable) received preoperative CRCT. CRCT consisted of radiotherapy (45 Gy /25 fractions /5 weeks) and FP chemotherapy (5-FU 1 g/$m^{2}$/day, days 1-4 and 29-32, Cisplatin 60 mg/$m^{2}$/day, days 1 and 29). An esophagectomy was planned in $4{\sim}6$ weeks after the completion of CRCT. Results: There were two treatment-related deaths. Among the 61 patients, 53 patients underwent surgery and 17 patients achieved a pathological complete response (pCR). The overall survival (OS) rates of all 61 patients at 2 and 5 years were 59.0% and 38.0%, respectively. The rates of OS and disease-free survival (DFS) of the surgically resected patients at 2 and 5 years were 61.6%, 40.1 % and 53.3%, 41.8%, respectively. By univariate analysis, achieviement of pCR and a clinically uninvolved distant lymph node (cMO) were favorable prognostic factors for OS and DFS. There were 27 patients that experienced a relapse-a locoregional relapse occurred in 5 patients, a distant metastasis occurred in 12 patients and combined failure occurred in 10 patients. Conclusion: The results of the current study are favorable. pCR and an uninvolved distant lymph node were found to be favorable prognostic factors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.103-108
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• 2007

Background: Surgical resection is an important modality in the treatment of pulmonary metastases from various solid tumors. We analyzed 37 patients who underwent surgical treatments of pulmonary metastases in our hospital from 1996 to 2005. Material and Method: Age, sex, disease free interval, operative procedure, the number of pulmonary metastases, and lymphatic metastasis were investigated with admission and operative records, and pathologic reports. Actuarial survival and comparisons between each survival rate were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, respectively, Result: Complete resections were carried out in 34 of 37 patients. The primary tumor was carcinoma in 25 cases, sarcoma in 10, and others in 2. The number of pulmonary metastases was 1 in 25 cases and 2 or more in 12 cases. 3-year and 5-year survival rates after complete resection were 50.5% and 35.9%, respectively. 3-year and 5-year survival rates for carcinoma were 64.5% and 45.0%, respectively, and 3-year survival rate for sarcoma was 17.5%. Otherwise, none of the operative procedures, the number of pulmonary metastases, lymphatic metastasis, adjunctive therapy and the disease free interval in the case of carcinoma significantly affected the survival rates. Conclusion: Complete resection of pulmonary metastasis in well selected patients allows high long term survival rate with low mortality and morbidity. Long-term follow up and randomized prospective studies were necessary to determine the prognostic factors of pulmonary metastases after surgical resection.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

Purpose: Epitheliod sarcoma is an obscure clinical entity. This study analyzes the correlation between the clinical course and the AJCC stage, presence of residual tumor and ezrin-expression. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three cases of epithelioid sarcoma were eligible. All the cases had operation. Fifteen cases had systemic chemotherapy and 6 cases had adjuvant radiotherapy. Immumohistochemical analysis was done for 15 cases. Analyzed factors were initial stage, adjuvant treatment, local recurrence, residual tumor immumohistochemical results and surgical margin. Results: The event free survival rate of 15 stage II, III cases was 47.4% at 129 months. The actual survival rate of 8 stage IV cases was 37.5% at 80 months. The presence of residual tumor tissue on re-excision specimen showed statistical significance on event free survival rate(P=0.03). Adjuvant therapy showed no impact on outcome. The stage IV and locally recurrent cases had a positive relation with Ezrin-positivity. Conclusion: Residual tumor showed correlation in the outcome of epitheliod sarcoma. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy did not affect the outcome. Further case collection and analysis is needed for the significance between Ezrin expression and clinical behavior.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 1990

During a ten-year period from 1978 through 1987, 44 patients with T2NOMO glottic cancer were treated with radical radiation therapy at the Yonsei University Medical Center. Forty-two patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 years, and $81\%$ had at least five years of follow-up. Patients were staged according to the AJCC system. Forty-two patients have been analyzed in detail with respect to two variables: the status of vocal cord mobility and the degree of local extension of the disease. Five-year local recurrence free survival rates were as follows: All 42 patients, $53.3\%$ patients with normal vocal cord mobility (n =18), $69.1\%$ versus patients with impaired vocal cord mobility (n=24), $43.4\%$(p<0.05); patients with subglottic extension (n=15), $36.7$ versus patients without subglottic extension (n=29), $61.9\%$ (p<0.05). The most favorable Prognostic group included the patients with normal mobility without subglottic extension (n=14), $83.1\%$. On the basis of this analysis, we confirmed the presence of heterogeneity in T2NOMO glottic cancer This study indicates that further randomized controlled trials are warranted to evaluate.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1991

To evaluate the role of postoperative pelvic radiation therapy in rectal cancer, a retrospective analysis was done on 189 patients with modified Astler-Coiler stages B2+3, Cl , and C2+3 who were treated from February 1979 to June 1980. Forty-seven patients were staged as B2+3,17 as Cl, and 125 as C2+3. As a curative resection,41 received low anterior resection,143 received abdomino-perineal resection, and five received pelvic exenteration. The survival and disease-free survival rates of the total patients at five year were $45.3\%\;and\;44.1\%$, respectively. The stage was an important prognostic factor for survival and disease-free survival: the survival rates at five year were $63.4\%$ in stage B2+3, $62.4\%$ in C1, and $37.2\%$ in C2+3 (p<0.005): the disease-free survival rates at five year were $55.7\%$ in B2+3, $65.7\%$ in C1, and $30.4\%$ in C2+3, respectively (p<0.01). The liver was the most frequently involved organ of recurrence followed by the lung and the perineum. The patients who received low anterior resection achieved better disease-free survival but were more prone to late radiation bowel morbidities than those who received abdominoperineal resection. Postperative Pelvic radiation therapy Proved to be effective in locoregional disease control but did not prevent the appearance of distant metastasis, which was of major concern in advanced stages. Patterns of treatment failure, and factros relating to radiation morbidity are discussed, and therapeutic options for better results are proposed.