• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.577-585
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• 1995

This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal class II malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials for the skeletal Class III sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adult individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class III malocclusion, the following Parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter first premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class III malocclusion md normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class III malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.343-355
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of hard and soft tissue changes after mandibular setback osteotomy and reduction genioplasty in mandibular prognathism with long anterior facial height. The control group (Group A) consisted of 20 patients who had severe horizontal discrepancy. They experienced Presurgical orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery via mandibular setback. The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 20 patients who had severe horizontal and vertical discrepancy. They experienced presurgical orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery via mandibular setback and reduction genioplasty. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms were evaluated. The computerized statistical analysis was tarried on with EXCEL 97 program. The results were as follows : 1. The correlation of hard and soft tissue horizontal changes in lower 2/3 of lower anterior facial height were high for both groups. The correlation coefficients of hard tissue changes and Ls, Stm, Li changes in Group B were moderately higher than Group A. 2. The correlation of hard and soft tissue vortical changes in Group B were lower than Group A. (except for pointB-Ils, Me-Me') 3. The ratio for soft tissue to Pog in Group B was lower than Group A. The ratios of hard and soft tissue vertical changes were 32% at Ils, 54% at Pog', and 60% at Me'. 4. The ratio of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height was reduced for both groups. But ratio of upper 1/3 of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height did not changed significantly in Group B. 5. Reduction genioplasty combined with mandibular setback procedure showed no change in upper one third(Sn-Stm) and significant decrease(Stm-Me') in the lower two thirds of the soft-tissue anterior lower facial height

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive survey of children's play in parents of disabled and non-disabled children prior to commencing school. This study aimed to further understanding play recognition and to present a specific direction of play necessary to each parent. Methods : A questionnaire based on prior studies was sent to 700 people who had previously agreed to the take part. A total of 596 questionnaires were analyzed. Uncollected and insincere surveys, of which 106 were questionnaires for parents of disabled children, were exclused from analysis. The SPSS Window 23 program was used for data analysis and frequency analysis and the independent sample T test were performed. Results : Disabled children's parents perceived playing with their children as more important than that of non-disabled children's parents(p<0.01). There was no statistical difference between disabled children and non-disabled children's parents, but there were some differences(p=0,053). Both disabled and non-disabled children had more time to participate with their mothers than with their fathers. Mothers with disabilities had more time to play however, fathers with no disabilities had more time. Both disabled and non-disabled children's parents had the most "ordinary" frequency of buying toys and there was very littele difference between the 2 groups. Both disabled and non-disabled children's parents primarily used the internet to acquire play information, and consideration when buying fun was followed by interest inducement, development level and safety. Conclusion : Through this study, it was possible to compare the status of play recognition and participation by parents of children with or without disabilities. Based on this study, parents will be able to find out what they really need to play and will be provided as a basis for future play studies for children.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.421-431
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• 2010

Objective: This study aimed to verify the intra-individual reproducibility of the natural head position (NHP) in adult Korean patients in the centric relation (CR) position and to prove the inter-individual variability of the Frankfurt horizontal (FH) plane and sella-nasion (SN) line compared to the true horizontal line (THL). In addition, the study aimed to investigate the correlations between linear measurements from A-point and B-point to the nasion true vertical line (NTVL) and angular measurements from A-point and B-point to the SN line. Methods: Two lateral cephalograms were taken of 116 subjects (23 males, 93 females) with CR wax bites in a NHP at a one-week interval. Results: Method errors of three variables and intraclass correlation coefficients of six parameters proved the intra-individual reproducibility of NHP (p < 0.001). The angle of the FH to the THL was not significantly different from $0^{\circ}$ (p > 0.05), but it was clinically variable (SD $3.89^{\circ}$) on the inter-individual level. Conversely, the angle of the SN line to the THL was significantly different from $7^{\circ}$ (p < 0.05). Very low correlation was found between the linear measurements and angular measurements of A-point and B-point (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The NTVL could be a useful reference line for assessing the antero-posterior position of the maxilla and mandible of Korean adult patients in NHP and CR.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

In parallel with social and economic progress, motives of patients to consult dentists have increased and diversified. An increasing number of people visit dental clinics to improve their facial appearance and masticating functions deteriorated largely due to malocclusion. There is also greater interest in and concern as well as demand for teeth alignment treatment among people. Under this situation, it is required to find and suggest ways to enhance quality and profitability of dental care in view of managerial needs for dentists to cope with changing circumstances. This study, thus, aims to measure satisfactions of orthodontics patients and to determine the elements influencing their satisfactions. For this aim, a survey was performed for 20 days from March 7th to 26th, 2005 by means of questionnaires distributed to randomly selected samples, resulting in following conclusions: 1. From comparison of satisfactions with dental service by their elements, higher satisfaction was reported from orthodontics patients in the element of dental hygienists(4.21). Least satisfaction, however, was found in the procedure for treatment and waiting hours(3.73). 2. By gender, male orthodontics patients turned out to be more satisfactory with dental service than females. In terms of intention for return visits, both male and female orthodontics patients showed higher satisfaction than non-orthodontics ones. 3. As for satisfaction with dental service by age of orthodontics and non-orthodontics patients, with regard to intention for return visit, orthodontics patients of all ages showed to have higher grade of satisfaction. 4. Regarding satisfaction with dental treatment by orthodontics and non-orthodontics patients by monthly income, Dental hygienist with intention for return visit, the higher the satisfaction of orthodontics patients. 5. In regard to satisfaction with dental treatment by education, higher satisfaction was expressed by orthodontics patients with elementary school education kept dentist, dental hygienist and internal and external environments. As a result from this study, we knew that dental service of the orthodontics patients is higher satisfaction than that of the non-orthodontics patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.3 s.110
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• pp.216-226
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to test and compare the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue profile predictions generated from two computer software programs (Quick Ceph Image $Pro^{TM}$ (ver 3.0) and $V-Ceph^{TM}$(ver 3.5)) for mandibular set-back surgery. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females) were traced on the same acetate paper with the reference taken as the cranial base outline. The presurgical skeletal outlines were digitized onto each computer program and the mandible was moved to mimic the expected surgical procedure with reverence to the mandibular anterior border and lower incisor position of the actual postsurgical skeletal outline. The soft tissue profile was generated and the amount and direction of skeletal movement was calculated with each software. The predicted soft tissue profile was compared to the actual postsurgical soft tissue profile. There were differences between the actual and the predicted surgical soft tissue profile charges in the magnitude and direction, especially the upper lip. lower lip and the soft tissue chin (P<0.05). Quick Ceph had more horizontal measurement errors and thickness errors for the upper lip and lower lip, but V-Ceph had more vertical measurement errors of the lower lip (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the prediction errors and the amount of mandibular movements in the vertical position of Sn, the horizontal position of Ls and the upper lip thickness for V-Ceph, and there was a negative correlation in the horizontal position and the thickness of the lower lip for Quick Ceph (P<0.05). However all of the Prediction errors of both imaging softwares were ranged within 3mm, and this was considered to be allowable clinically.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

This study was performed by the children and adolescents who were abused or neglected physically, emotionally that were selected in child & adolescents psychiatric ward. We investigated the number of these case in admitted children & adolescents, and also observed characteristics of symptoms, developmental history, characteristics of abuse style, characteristics of abusers, family dynamics and psychopathology. We hypothesized that all kinds of abuse will influnced to emotional, behavioral problems, developmental courses on victims, interactive effects on family dynamics and psychopathology. That subjects were 22 persons of victims who be determined by clinical observation and clinical note. The results of the study were as follows：1) Demographic characteristics of victims：ratio of sex was 1：6.3(male：female), mean age was $11.1{\pm}2.5$. According to birth order, lst was 12(54.5%), 2nd was 5(23%), 3rd was 2(9%) and only child was 3(13.5%). 2) Characteristics of family：According to socioeconomic status, middle to high class was 3(13.5%), middle one was 9(41.% ), middle to low one was 9(41%), low one was 1(0.5%). according to number of family, under the 3 person was 3(13.5%), 4-5 was 17(77.5%), 6-7 was 2(9%). according to marital status of parents, divorce or seperation were 5(23%), remarriage 2(9%), severe marital discord was 19(86.5%). In father, antisocial behavior was 7(32%), alcohol dependence was 10(45.5%). In mother, alcohol abuse was 5(23%), depression was 17(77.3%), history of psychiatric management was 6(27%). 3) Characteristics of abuse：Physical abuse was 18(81.8%), physical and emotional abuse and neglect were 4(18.2%). according to onset of abuse, before 3 years was 15(54.5%), 3-6 years was 5(27.5%), schooler was 1(15%). Only father offender was 2(19%), only mother offender was 8(35.4%), both offender was 8(35.4%), accompaning with spouse abuse was 7(27%), and accompaning with other sibling abuse was 4(18.2%). 4) General characteristics and developmental history of victims：Unwanted baby was 12(54.5%), developmental delay before abuse was9(41%), comorbid developmental disorder was 15(68%). there were 6(27.5%) who didn‘t show definite sign of developmental delay before abuse. 5) Main diagnosis and comorbid diagnosis：According to main diagnosis, conduct disorder 6(27.3%), borderline child 5(23%), depression4(18%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) 4(18%), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 2(9%), selective mutism 1(5%). According to comorbid diagnosis, ADHD, borderline intelligence, mental retardation, learning disorder, developmental language disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, chronic tic disorder, functional enuresis and encoporesis, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder due to medical condition. 5) Course of treatment：A mean duration of admission was $2.4{\pm}1.5$ months. 11(15%) showed improvement of symtoms, however 11(50%) was not changed of symtoms.