• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2002

These days, surveying instruments are developing rapidly and the precision is improving continuously. The building of three dimensional terrains of high precision are possible and the calculation of the areas or the volumes have high precision due to the development of the technique of the spatial information system using computer. But actually, in construction site they calculate two-dimensional area using the traditional method, plate table surveying, planimeter, and then get three-dimensional area through multiplying two-dimensional area by the slope correction factor. In this study, we show the defect and inefficiency of the calculation of area by the traditional methods and survey the area with Electric Distance Measurement and GPS instrument. With this data, we made the three dimensional terrain model and calculated two-dimensional area, three-dimensional area. After that, we compared areas that calculated by algorithm of triangulated irregular network and analysis of grid method with standard area that calculated by the traditional method. Finally, this paper suggested more effective and precious method in calculating three-dimensional area.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1994

RuO2 분말의 비표면적이 후막저항체의 전기적 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하 여 비표면적이 서로다른 RuO2 분말을 이용하여 RuO2 함량을 다양하게 후막저항을 형성하 고 그들의 전기적 특성을 저항체 막의 미세조직과 관련하여 고찰하였다. 그 결과 후막저항 체의 전기적 특성은 소성과정에서 RuO2 의 비표면적과 함량에 따라 도전통로를 통하여 발 달하여 소결접촉과 비소결접촉의 수와 그 비에 크게 의존함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.284-285
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• 2003

극저온복사계로부터 출발하여 광도의 기본 단위인 칸델라(Candela) 눈금은 물론 복사조도(irradiance), 조명도(illuminance)와 같은 유도 단위를 실현하기 위해서는 검출기의 시야를 한정하는 구멍의 면적을 측정하는 기술이 매우 중요하다. 구멍의 면적을 측정하는 한가지 방법은 탐촉자를 물리적으로 접촉시켜서 구멍의 가장자리를 결정하고, 구멍의 기하학적 모양을 가정하여 면적을 계산하는 것이다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.72-84
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• 2010

This study was attempted in order to offer basic data for implementing and applying Samjonseokjo(三尊石造), which is one of traditional stone construction method, by confirming how the constructive principle is expressed such as proportional beauty, which is contained in the modeling of Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock that was formed in the period of the Three States, centering on Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock in Susan. The summarized findings are as follows. 1. As a result of analyzing size and proportion of totally 17 of Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock, the average total height in Bonjonbul(本尊佛) was 2.96m. Right Hyeopsi(右挾侍) was 2.19m. Left Hyeopsi(左挾侍) was 2.16m. The height ratio according to this was 100:75:75, thereby having shown the relationship of left-right symmetrical balance. The area ratio in left-right Hyeopsi was 13.4:13.7, thereby the two area having been evenly matched. 2. The Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock in Seosan is carved on Inam(印岩) rock after crossing over Sambulgyo bridge of the Yonghyeon valley. Left direction was measured with $S47^{\circ}E$ in an angle of direction. This is judged to target an image change and an aesthetic sense in a Buddhist statue according to direction of sunlight while blocking worshipers' dazzling. 3. As for iconic characteristics of Buddha Carved on Rock in Seosan, there is even Hyeopsi in Bangasang(半跏像) and Bongjiboju(捧持寶珠) type Bosangipsang. In the face of Samjon composition in left-right asymmetry, the unification is indicated while the same line and shape are repeated. Thus, the stably visual balance is being shown. 4. In case of Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock in Seosan, total height in Bonjonbul, left Hyeopsi, and right Hyeopsi was 2.80m, 1.66m, and 1.70m, respectively. Height ratio in left-right Hyeopsibul was 0.60:0.62, thereby having been almost equal. On the other hand, the area ratio was 28.8:25.2, thereby having shown bigger difference. The area ratio on a plane was grasped to come closer to Samjae aesthetic proportion. 5. The axial angle of centering on Gwangbae was 84:46:50, thereby having been close to right angle. On the other hand, the axial angle ratio of centering on Yeonhwajwa(蓮華坐: lotus position) was measured to be 135:25:20, thereby having shown the form of inequilateral triangle close to obtuse angle. Accordingly, the upper part and the lower part of Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock in Susan are taking the stably proportional sense in the middle of maintaining the corresponding relationship through angular proportion of inequilateral triangle in right angle and obtuse angle. 6. The distance ratio in the upper half was 0.51:0.36:0.38. On the other hand, the distance ratio in the lower half was 0.53 : 0.33 : 0.27. Thus, the up-down and left-right symmetrical balance is being formed while showing the image closer to inequilateral triangle. 7. As a result of examining relationship of Samjae-mi(三才美) targeting Triad of Buddha Carved on Rock in Susan, the angular ratio was shown to be more notable that forms the area ratio or triangular form rather than length ratio. The inequilateral triangle, which is formed centering on Gwangbae(光背) in the upper part and Yeonhwajwa(lotus position) in the lower part, is becoming very importantly internal motive of doubling the constructive beauty among Samjae, no less than the mutually height and area ratio in Samjonbul.

• 정보화사회
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• s.106
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• pp.52-55
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• 1996

연변은 길림성 동남부에 위치하고 있고 토지면적이 4.27만 평방키로미터이며, 대만에 비해 크다. 비록 면적이 동북아의 0.5%밖에 차지 못하지만 동북아 지역에서 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

우리나라의 시설재배면적은 2001년 현재 52,135ha이고 이중가온 재배면적이 12,710ha로 전체 시설재배면적의 25%에 해당하며 또한 난방비용이 경영비 중 차지하는 비중이 시설재배 선진국의 15%에 비하여 25-30%을 차지하고 있어 난방비의 비중이 높다. 온풍난방시 시설내 에너지 절감을 위한 국내의 연구는 주로 보온, 난방기의 위치 및 Duct의 토출구 간격 및 직경(Kim 등, 1994), 난방배관 구조개선(Kwon 등, 1992)등으로 연구되어 왔다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1573-1577
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• 2007

SWAT 모형을 사용하여 수문 및 환경인자들의 예측에 있어서 수문응답단위(Hydrological Response Unit, HRU) 수를 적절하게 결정하는 것은 매우 중요하다. SWAT 모형에서는 수문응답단위라는 계산단위를 통하여 모형의 입력매개변수를 생성하고 모의를 수행하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 SWAT모형에서 하천유역의 적절한 HRU 수를 결정하기 위하여 대상유역을 낙동강의 제 1지류이자 국제수문개발계획(International Hydrologic Project, IHP)의 국내 대표유역 중 하나인 위천유역으로 선정하였으며, 토지이용과 토양의 면적비를 조정함으로써 HRU 수를 여러 단계로 적용하여 유출량, 유사량 및 영양염류를 모의하였다. SWAT 모형의 적용을 위하여 위천 유역의 $DEM(30m{\times}30m)$, 토지이용도(1:25,000), 토양도(1:25,000) 등의 GIS 자료와 강우량 및 기상자료를 이용하였다. 본 논문은 위천 유역에 대한 적절한 HRU 수의 기준을 제시하였으며, 이와 같은 분석결과를 이용하여 모형의 입력자료 구축시간을 단축할 수 있어 차후 모형의 적용시에 모형의 적용 효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.17-22
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• 2005

In this study, a disk-type piezoelectric transformer was fabricated. Its diameter was 50[mm] and thickness was 4.5[mm]. The driving and generating electrode with their gap of 1[mm] were fabricated on the top surface. But the common electrode was fabricated on the whole bottom surface. The electrode surface ratio of driving and generating part on the top surface was the range of 1.4:1 to 3:1. We investigated the electrical characteristics with the variation of its thickness and the electrode surface ratio of driving and generating part in the range of load resistance of 100${[\Omega]}\~70{[k\Omega]}$.. Form the experimental results, their influence on the set-up voltage ratio were investigated quantitively and qualitatively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.4 s.119
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• pp.372-378
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• 2007

This paper presents an improvement of field uniformity in a reverberation chamber with QRDs(Quadratic Residue Diffuser) and also shows the optimal dimension of the QRDs. The QRD is designed for $1{\sim}3\;GHz$ frequency band and the FDTD(finite-Difference Time-Domain) method is used to analyze the field characteristics. At 2 GHz, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber is the smallest when the QRD has $30{\sim}60\;%$ coverage of one side of the reverberation chamber and the field uniformity is worsened when the coverage of the QRD is either below 20 % or above 70 % of the area of the side wall. Particularly, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber with 30 % coverage of QRD is improved by 1.53 dB compared to that of the reference chamber with no QRDs.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2009

Reconstructed 3D data from computer vision includes necessarily a noise or an error. When these data goes through a mesh process, the different 3D mesh data from original shape comes to make by a noise or an error. This paper proposed the method that smooths a noise effectively by noise analysis in reconstructed 3D data. Because the proposed method is smooths a noise using the area ratio of the mesh, the pre-processing of unusable mesh is necessary in 3D mesh data. This study detects a peak noise and Gaussian noise using the ratio of 3D volume and 2D area of mesh and smooths the noise with respect of its characteristics. The experimental results using synthetic and real data demonstrated the efficacy and performance of proposed algorithm.