• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.991-994
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• 2004

Effects of formulation KTG075 from edible plants on intestinal function, particularly on Mucin 2 secretion, were examined by loperamide-induced constipation method using Sprague Dawley rats (SD rats, male). Crypt epithelial cells containing more mucus and mucus layer stained with alcian blue were significantly thicker in KTG075 group than control group. When Biogenex AM358 of antibody against Mucin 2 was used, crypt epithelial cells secreted more Mucin 2 in KTG075 group than control group. The Mucus layer at fecal surface was thinner and less mucus was recovered from mucosal surface in constipated rats than in KTG075 group. Mucus production of crypt epithelial cells and mucus contents at fecal and mucosal surfaces were reduced by loperamide-induced constipation. These results indicate formula KTG075 accelerates evacuation and activates intestines.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.348-355
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• 2003

Background: The prognostic significance of lymph node micrometastasis in non-small cell lung cancer remains controversial. We therefore investigated the clinicopathologic factors related to lymph node micrometastsis and evaluated the clinical relevance of micrometastasis with regard to recurrence. Material and Method: Five hundred six lymph nodes were obtained from 41 patients with stage 1 non-small ceil lung cancer who underwent curative resection between 1994 and 1998. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-cytokeratin Ab was used to detect micrometastasis in these lymph nodes. Result: Micrometastatic tumor cells were identified in pN0 lymph nodes in 14 (34.1%) of 41 patients. The presence of lymph node micrometastasis was not related to any clinicopathoiogic factor (p) 0.05). The recurrence rate was higher in patients with micrometastasis (57.1%) than in those without (37.0%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.22). Patients with micrometastasis had a lower 5-year recurrence-free survival rate (48.2%) than those without micrometastasis (64.1%), with a borderline significance (p=0.11), The S-year recurrence-free survival rate (25.0%) in the patients with 2 or more micrometastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than that in the patients with no or single micrometastasis (p=0.02). In multivariate analysis, multiple lymph node micromestasis us was a significant independent predictor of recurrence (p=0.028, Risk ratio=3.568). Conclusion: Immunehistochemical anti-cytokeratin staining was a rapid, sensitive, and easy way of detecting lymph node micrometastasis. The presence of lymph node micrometastasis was not significantly associated with the recurrence, but had a tendency toward a poor prognosis in stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer. Especially, the presence of multiple micrometastatic lymph nodes was a significant and independent predictor of recurrence.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.443-448
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• 2003

To determine whether localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K was associated with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs. Tissue specimens were obtained from 30 dogs with CCL rupture during surgical treatment, 8 aged normal dogs, and 9 young normal dogs that were necropsied for reasons unrelated to this study and unrelated to musculoskeletal disease. The cranial cruciate ligament was examined histologically. $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were identified by histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining respectively. TRAP and cathepsin $K^+$ were co-localized within the same cells principally located within the epiligamentous region and to a lesser extent in the core region of ruptured CCL. Localization of $TRAP^+$ cells (P < 0.05) and cathepsin $K^+$ cells (P =0.05) within CCL tissue was significantly increased in dogs with CCL rupture, compared with aged-normal dogs, and young normal dogs (P < 0.05 - TRAP, P < 0.001 - cathepsin K). Localization of $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells within the CCL tissue of aged-normal dogs was also increased compared with young normal dogs (P < 0.05). Small numbers of $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were seen in the intact ligaments of aged-normal dogs, which were associated with ligament fasicles in which there was chondroid transformation of ligament fibroblasts and disruption of the organized hierarchical structure of the extracellular matrix. $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were not seen in CCL tissue from young-normal dogs. Localization of the proteinases $TRAP^+$ and cathepsin $K^+$ in CCL tissue was significantly associated with CCL rupture. Small numbers of proteinase positive cells were also localized in the CCL of agednormal dogs without CCL rupture, but were not detected in CCL from young-normal dogs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the cell signaling pathways that regulate expression of these proteinases in CCL tissue may form part of the mechanism that leads to upregulation of collagenolytic ligament remodeling and progressive structural failure of the CCL over time.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1990

The tribocytic organ and tegument of Fibricola seeulensis were examined histochemically for the detection of carbohydrates, mucosubstances, amyloid, collagen and alkaline phosphatase. The surface, secretes, gland cells of the tribocytic organ, and the tegument of the worms were positive to periodic acid Schig (PAS) and PAS with diastase stain but negative to other stains. It was inferred that the tribocytic organ and tegument of F. seoulensis comprise neutral mucopolysaccharides, which may take a protective role against host enzymes. The surface and secretes of the tribocytic organ, and the tegument of the worms were also Positive to double bridge PAP for alkaline phosphatase. This fact suggests that they may play a role as both self protective and host tissue Iytic functions.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

It is recognized that Schwann cells (SC) are essential for peripheral nerve development and regeneration. SIS (small intestinal submucosa) consists of some growth factors which can stimulate cell activity without immune rejection responges. SCs were harvested from the femurs and tibias of female Fischer rat and then suspended with $2{\times}10^6$ cell/sponge in SIS sponge. Fischer rat received an implant consisting of the SCs and the SIS sponge at the place of a 5 mm gap created by the sciatic nerve resection. Thin sections were stained with H &E staining and immunostaining of S-100, GFAP and NF after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. It was observed that the effects of the SIS sponge with SCs on neuroinduction(Group II, with scaffold & cell) are strong as much as uninjured model(Control I), and significantly stronger than SIS sponge model (Group 1, with scaffold only) and blank model (Control II). In conclusion, these results suggest that SIS sponge filled with SCs may have an important role for peripheral nerve regeneration of tissue engineering.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.3 s.272
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• pp.180-192
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• 2007

Background: As determined from the recent investigations of discordant cardiac xenotransplantation, hyperacute rejection occurs mainly at the endothelial cells in donor microvascular systems, but this does not occur at cardiac valve leaflets or at medium-to-large caliber vessels. On the basis of this background, this study was performed to look into the biocompatibility for transplantation of a middle or large diameter xenogenic blood vessel by conducting xenogenic arterial transplantation with the carotid artery in a pig-to-goat model. Material and Method: The experimental group was composed of 10 pairs of pig-to-goat combinations. They were divided into each period of 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Four carotid artery grafts obtained through collection of the bilateral carotid arteries from two pigs were preserved at $-70^{\circ}C$ without other treatment, and then they were transplanted into the bilateral carotid arteries of two goats. Doppler ultrasonography was done on a periodic basis after transplantation to evaluate the patency of the grafted blood vessel. At the ends of a predetermined period, the grafts were explanted from the goats and they underwent gross examination. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were conducted. In addition, in order to examine the immunological rejection of the grafted xenogenic blood vessel, immunohistochemical staining was conducted with T-lymphocyte indicator and von Willebrand factor. Result: Two goats at the each one-week period and the one-year period died during the experimental period because of a reason unrelated to the experimental procedure, and the remaining 8 goats survived until the end of each experiment period. On Doppler ultrasonography, unilateral carotid artery occlusion was found in a goat, whose period was specified as 3 months, among the 8 survived goats. However, the vascular patency was maintained well and there was no graft that formed aneurysms in the other goats. On gross examination, the region of vascular anastomosis was preserved well, and calcification of the grafted blood vessel was not shown. Histologically, the endothelial cells of the graft disappeared one week after transplantation, and then there was progressive spread of the recipients' endothelial cells from the anastomotic site. The reendothelialization occurred over the whole graft at one month after transplantation. The neointimal thickening and adventitial inflammation became severe by 3 months after transplantation, but this lessened at 6 months and 12 months, respectively. The rate of CD3 positive cells was very low among the infiltrated inflammatory cells. Conclusion: The fresh-frozen xenogenic artery kept its patency without being greatly influenced by xenogenic immune reaction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.361-373
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• 2006

치주질환의 진행이 나이에 의해 영향을 받는다는 사실은 알려져 있으나 노화에 따른 치주조직 세포의 기능적인 변화에 관한 사실은 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 노화에 따른 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 어떠한 여향을 끼치는가를 아는 것은 중요하다. 염증 상태에서 nitric oxide (NO)는 조직 파괴에 관여하는 인자로 작용하여 치주질환의 진행에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 사람의 치은에서 배양된 치은섬유아세포를 이용하여 세포의 노화에 따른 NO와 이의 합성효소인 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)의 발현을 알아봄으로써 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 끼치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 10세의 환자와 55세의 환자에서 각각 채취한 치은에서 배양된 세포와 10세의 환자에서 채취한 세포를 계속적인 계대배양을 통해 얻은 실험실 상 노화된 세포를 포함하여 총 3 종류의 치은섬유세포를 실험에 이용하였다. Hot phenol-water extraction을 통해 추출된 Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)와 재조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 를 세포에 적용시켜 Griess assay를 통해 조건화된 배지에서 NO를 측정하였다. 20세와 55세의 환자에서 채취된 치은 조직과 총 3 종류의 배양된 세포에 NOS-II 항체를 적용시켜 iNOS 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. Total RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR를 통해 iNOS mRNA의 발현을 분석하였다. 치은섬유아세포에서 NO는 자발적으로 발생되었고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. P, gingivalis LPS와 제조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$는 치은섬유아세포에서 NO의 발현을 증가시켰고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. 면역조직화학 염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 젊은 사람과 노화된 사람의 치은 조직 모두에서 치은섬유아세포와 상피의 기저층 세포와 염증세포에서 발현되었으나 노화에 따른 발현의 차이를 구별할 수는 없었다. 세포의 면역염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었고 이러한 발현은 LPS와 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 에 의해 강화되었다. LPS와 $INF-{\gamma}$ 의 조건이 주어지지 않은 상태에서 iNOS mRNA는 젊은 세포에서보다 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 세포의 노화가 NO와 iNOS 발현을 증가시킴으로서 치주질환의 진행에 영향을 끼칠 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.325-328
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• 2002

The neuroendocrine tumor is a rare thymic neoplasm, which has been regarded as a distinct tumor from thymoma and originates from Kultschizky cell. The pathologic diagnosis of thymic neuroendocrine tumor has been on findings from light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies, and electron microscopy. About 50% of thymic carcinoids are seen with endocrinopathies. Recurrence and extrathoracic metastasis are characteristics of thymic carcinoids. Surgical removal of the initial and recurred tumor is considered to be the most effective treatment. The role of the adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is still uncertain. Herein we report a case of thymic neuroendocrine tumor, which was resected surgically.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.436-443
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• 1991

A case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy(MNTI) in 5 month old girl is presented with review of the literature. The review of literature indicated that there have been 189 reported cases of this lesion and there were 9 cases of malignant tumor for a rate of 4.8%. This rate of malignancy is very high in view of the fact that the tumor has been described as benign. And immunohistochemical study using avidin-biotin conjugate method demonstrated that this tumor had been originated from neural crest.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.492-499
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• 2008

Purpose : Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide; it almost invariably causes chronic gastritis. Pediatric studies may provide important insights into the mucosal immune response of H. pylori-infection, as children are not submitted to environmental factors such as alcohol, tobacco and anti-inflammatory medication. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mucosal immune response against H. pylori in clinically well-defined groups: H. pylori-positive (divided into peptic ulcer disease and gastritis) and H. pylori-negative control. Methods : Antral biopsies were obtained from 45 children undergoing an upper GI endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20+) were analyzed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. The correlation of lymphocyte subsets of gastric mucosa with histology was evaluated. Results : T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20+) were significantly increased in the lamina propria of H. pylori-positive group (P<0.01). CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the lamina propria of the H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease (P<0.01). Within the epithelium, only CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in the H. pylori-positive group (P<0.01). Gastric histological parameters had a closer correlation with lymphocytes in the lamina propria than intraepithelial lymphocytes. Conclusion : This study suggests that both T cells and B cells in the lamina propria play important roles in the local immune response of H. pylori-infected children. Furthermore, it remains to be elucidated whether CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria may contribute to peptic ulcer formation in H. pylori-infected children.