• Title/Summary/Keyword: 면역세포

Search Result 2,763, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

백신 프로그램의 디자인과 면역의 기본 원리

  • 대한양계협회
    • KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
    • /
    • v.29 no.9 s.335
    • /
    • pp.168-173
    • /
    • 1997
  • 효과적인 백신 프로그램을 디자인하기 위해서는 질병과 면역에 대한 기본적인 이해가 필수적이다. 면역에 대해서 이해하기 위해서는 크게 체액성 면역과 세포성 면역으로 구분하여 이해하는 것이 유용할 수 있으며, 또한 이 두 가지 기전은 서로 상호협동적으로 작용한다는 사실을 이해하여야 한다. 숙주동물(닭)이 병원체이든 백신이든 일단 항원에 한 번 노출이 되면 이를 기억하는 기억 세포를 생성하여 두 번째 노출되었을 때 폭발적인 면역반응이 일어나도록 한다. 순환항체가 형성이 되면, 이 항체는 난황을 통하여 후대 병아리에게 전달될 수 있다. 면역의 형성은 백신이 가진 항원의 특성과 백신의 타입(생독, 사독)에 따라 다른 방식으로 나타난다. 면역에 대한 기본적인 개념을 충분히 숙지하고 다음의 사항을 고려하면 효과적인 백신 프로그램을 선택하기가 용이하다. (1) 전례 : 어떤 프로그램이 효과적이었는가? (2) 질병 : 어떤 질병이 문제가 되고 있는가? (3) 균주 : 균주의 차이는 중요한가? (4) 관리 : 백신의 사용을 불필요하게 할 효과적인 사양관리가 이루어질 수 있는가? (5) 모체이행항체 : 모체이행항체가 적절한 방어력을 가질 수 있을까? (6) 면역증강효과 : 그 중요성과 접종시기가 숙지되어 있는가? (7) 접종기술 : 접종기술에 문제가 있는데 프로그램이 제대로 효과를 발휘할 수 있을까?

  • PDF

Immune Evasion Mechanism as a Guide for Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer (두경부암에서 면역회피 기전과 면역항암제 치료)

  • Chang, Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
    • /
    • v.33 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-5
    • /
    • 2017
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally with high morbidity and mortality. Immune surveillance is well recognized as an important mechanism to prevent development or progression of HNSCC. HNSCC can escape the immune system through multiple mechanisms including development of tolerance in T cells and inhibition of T-cell-related pathways, generally referred to as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a clear advantage in advanced HNSCC patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Right at the front of the new era of immunotherapy, we will review current knowledge of immune escape mechanisms and clinical implication for HNSCC.

Synergistic Anti-Tumor Effect by the Combination of Cyclophosphamide and Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Murine Tumor Model that CEA Expressing (CEA 발현 마우스 종양모델에서 Cyclophosphamide와 수지상세포 백신의 병합치료에 의한 상승적인 항종양 효과)

  • Park, Mi-Young
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
    • /
    • v.54 no.1
    • /
    • pp.38-48
    • /
    • 2022
  • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal antigen primarily detected in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, particularly in those with colorectal cancer. CEA is considered a valuable target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In this study, we induced the anti-tumor immunity for CEA through the administration of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. However, there was a limitation in inducing tumor regression in the DC vaccinated mice. To enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor immunity in MC38/CEA2 tumor-bearing mice, we evaluated the effects of DC vaccine in combination with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Administration of CYP 100 mg/kg in mice resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in the 2-day tumor model, whereas a lower inhibition of tumor growth was seen in the 10-day tumor model. Therefore, the 10-day tumor model was selected for testing chemo-immunotherapy. The combined CYP and DC vaccine not only increased tumor antigen-specific immune responses but also induced synergistic anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the adverse effects of CYP such as weight loss and immunosuppression by regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells showed a significant reduction in the combined chemo-immunotherapy treatment compared with CYP alone. Our data suggest that chemoimmunotherapy with the DC vaccine may offer a new therapeutic strategy to induce a potent anti-tumor effect and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy.

Biological Immune System Modeling for Development of Computer Immune System (컴퓨터 면역 시스템 개발을 위한 생체 면역 시스템 모델링)

  • 선상준;이채원;심재윤;심귀보
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
    • /
    • 2000.11a
    • /
    • pp.239-242
    • /
    • 2000
  • 생체 면역 시스템은 외부의 물질로부터 생명체를 지켜주는 방어 시스템으로 자기와 구별되는 외부 물질을 인식하여 생명체를 지켜준다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 생체 면역 시스템의 자기와 비자기를 구분하는 특징을 컴퓨터에 적용해서 자기(Self) 파일과 구분되는 비자기(Nonself) 파일을 인식 가능하도록 생체 면역 시스템의 T세포를 모델링하였다. 모델링한 T세포는 자기를 인식하는 MHC인식부와 비자기를 인식하는 항원인식부로 구성되어 있으며, 자기-비자기 검사를 요하는 파일과의 매칭을 통해 자기-비자기를 구분한다. MHC인식부와 항원인식부로 구성된 T세포의 자기-비자기 인식률이 항원인식부만을 사용한 자기-비자기 인식률에 비해 높아짐을 입증하였다.

  • PDF

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF VELVET ANTLER (녹용의 약리학적 성분)

  • 전길자
    • Korean Deer Journal
    • /
    • v.7 no.10 s.48
    • /
    • pp.60-64
    • /
    • 2002
  • 알려진 녹용의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하고 활성성분을 이용하여 신의약품 개발에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구실에서는 녹용의 가장 대표적인 효능인 조혈작용을 하는 성분을 구조 분석하여 MADG임을 밝히었다. MADG는 조혈촉진기능뿐만 아니라 대식세포 증식기능 그리고 비장세포성장을 촉진하는 등 면역활성 조절제로써의 기능도 나타내었다. 그리고 녹용에 존재하는 인지질 중에서 포화지방산을 가지고 있는 phophatidylcholine도 면역활성을 촉진시키었다. 항진균작용을 하는 성분을 구조 분석한 결과 lysophophatidylcholine임을 밝히었으며 그 유도체인 CHJ-ester가 숙주세포에는 해를 주지 않으면서 항진균작용을 하는 것을 관찰하였다. 그리고 골다공증치료효과를 검색하기 위해 녹용 정제성분으로 연구한 결과 파골세포로의 분화를 100$\%$ 저해함을 밝히므로 녹용이 골다공증 치료효과가 있음을 증면하였다. 녹용성분의 유도체인 SCOH가 파골세포분화를 억제함을 밝혀 현재 골다공증치료제로써의 가능성을 조사하고 있다. 본 연구실에서는 1999년부터 녹용연구를 시작하여 현재까지 10여 개의 활성성분을 분석한 바 있다. 현재 조혈세포촉진작용, 면역증진작용, 골다공증치료작용, 대식세포 증식작용, 항진균작용, 항간질작용에 대한 성분 분석 및 그 약리 기전을 연구하고 있다.

  • PDF

Screening of Personalized Immunostimulatory Activities of Saengsik Materials and Products Using Human Primary Immune Cell (사람 면역세포를 활용한 생식 원료 및 제품의 체질 맞춤형 면역 활성 탐색)

  • Oh, Seong-Yoon;Chung, Mi Ja;Choi, Jae-Ho;Oh, Deog-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.43 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1325-1333
    • /
    • 2014
  • Sasang constitutional medicine is a Korean traditional medicine in which individuals are classified into four constitutional types, Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin. To develop new functional Saengsik products, we investigated the immunostimulatory activities of raw materials of Saengsik (milled rice, barley, Job's tears, soybean, adzuki bean, millet, eggplants, radish, carrot, Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Auricularia auricula-judae) and Saengsik products (Mix 1~6) in primary immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) isolated from blood of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin types. Increased cell proliferation as well as NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ protein production by immune cells treated with extracts of materials of Saengsik and Saengsik products were measured as immunostimulatory parameters. We chose milled rice, adzuki bean, radish, and Lentinus edodes to study the immunostimulatory activity of Teaumin, barley, soybean, eggplants, and Agaricus bisporus to study the immunostimulatory activity of Soyangin, as well as Job's tears, adzuki bean, carrot, and Auricularia auricula-judae to study the immunostimulatory activity of Soeumin. The mixtures (Mix 1~6) were made with different kinds and ratios of Saengsik materials based on the immunostimulatory activities of Saengsik materials. The immunostimulatory activity of Taeumin was highest in Mix 2 (rice 60%, adzuki bean 20%, radish 10%, and Lentinus edodes 10%) extract-treated immune cells among all six mixtures. The immunostimulatory activity of Soyangin responded best to Mix 4 (barley 60%, soybean 20%, eggplants 10%, and Agaricus bisporus 10%) among the six extracts (Mix 1~6). The increased immunostimulatory activity of Mix 6 (Job's tears 60%, adzuki bean 20%, carrot 10%, and Auricularia auricula-judae 10%)-treated immune cells was higher than the other five extracts (Mix 1~5). Accordingly, Mix 2, Mix 4, and Mix 6 may be useful as mixtures for Saengsik products having personalized immunostimulatory activities.

The Morphologic Changes of Parvalbumin- Immunoreactive Interneurons of the Dentate Gyrus in Kainate-Treated Mouse Hippocampal Slice Culture Epilepsy Model (Kainic Acid로 처리한 해마박편배양 마우스 간질모델에서 치아이랑 Parvalbumin 면역 반응성 사이신경세포의 형태학적 변화)

  • Chung, Hee Sun;Shin, Mi-Young;Kim, Young-Hoon;Lee, In-Goo;Whang, Kyung-Tai;Kim, Myung-Suk
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
    • /
    • v.45 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1551-1558
    • /
    • 2002
  • Purpose : Loss of hippocampal interneurons in dentate gyrus has been reported in patients with severe temporal lobe epilepsy and in animals treated with kainic acid(KA). Interneurons contain $Ca^{2+}$- binding protein parvalbumin(PV). The effects of kainic acid on parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons in dentate gyrus were investigated in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : Cultured hippocampal slices from postnatal day nine C57/BL6 mice were exposed to $10{\mu}M$ KA, and were observed at 0, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours after a one hour KA exposure. Neuronal injury was determined by morphologic changes of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus. Results : Transient(1 hour) exposure of hippocampal explant cultures to KA produced marked varicosities in dendrites of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus and the shaft of interbeaded dendrite is often much thinner than those in control. The presence of varicosities in dendrites was reversible with KA washout. The dendrites of KA treated explants were no longer beaded at 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after KA exposure. The number of cells in PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus was decreased at 0, 8 hours after exposure. But there was no significant difference in 24, 48 and 72 hours recovery group compared with control group. Conclusion : The results suggested that loss of PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus is transient, and is not accompanied by PV-IR interneuronal cell death.

Immunohistochemical study of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the Mongolian Gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus (몽골리안 저빌(Meriones unguiculatus)의 위장관 내분비 세포에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-hyun;Lee, Hyeung-sik;Ku, Sae-kwang;Park, Ki-dae;Kim, Kil-soo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.40 no.4
    • /
    • pp.653-660
    • /
    • 2000
  • In order to study the regional distribution and relative frequency of the immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, the gastrointestinal tract was divided into 9 portions (cardia, fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) and immunostained by immunohistochemical (PAP) method using 8 types of specific antisera against cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, gastrin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide(PP), somatostatin, serotonin, glucagon and insulin. CCK-8-, gastrin-, somatostatin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in this study. These immunoreactive cells were found in the gastric gland regions of the pylorus or between parietal and chief cells of the fundus with round to spherical shaped, and in the interepithelial regions of the intestinal tract with spherical to spindle shaped except for jejunum where some of immunoreactive cells were also observed in the intestinal glands with round to spherical shaped. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the pylorus and duodenum with numerous and a few frequency, respectively. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the pylorus with numerous frequency. Similar to those of gastrin-immunoreactive cells, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to pylorus with moderate frequency. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout whole gastrointestinal tract except for cardia and cecum with moderate or numerous frequency. However, no secretin-, PP-, glucagon- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were observed in this study. From these results, the appearance type, regional distribution and relative frequency of immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Mongolian gerbils were somewhat lowered or restricted compared to those of other mammals and these differences were might be caused by feeding habits and species specification.

  • PDF

Immunohistochemical Study of NSE in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Combined with Serum Assay (소세포폐암에서 Neuron Specific Enolase의 면역조직 화학염색과 혈청농도에 관한 연구)

  • Kwak, Seung-Min;Kim, Hyung-Jung;Shin, Dong-Hwan;Jang, Joong-Hyun;Lee, Hong-Lyeol;Kim, Se-Kyu;Ahn, Chul-Min;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Lee, Won-Young;Lee, Kyi-Beom
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.39 no.6
    • /
    • pp.502-510
    • /
    • 1992
  • Background: Neuron specific enolase (NSE) is a neuronal form of the glycolytic enzyme enolase which was first found in extracts of brain tissue, and later in a variety of APUD cells and neurons of the diffuse endocrine system. SCLC shares many APUD properties with normal neuroendocrine cells. NSE immunostaining and serum NSE measurement may be a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in lung tumors and diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Methods: NSE immunohistochemical staining was done and at the same time serum NSE levels were measured in 22 small cell lung cancer and 21 non small cell lung cancer which were confirmed histologically. Results: 1) NSE immunoreactivity was detected in 9 of the 18 (50%) small cell lung cancer, in 5 of the 16 non small cell lung cancer. 2) Whereas the mean value in non-small cell lung cancer group was $11.79{\pm}4.47\;ng/ml$, the mean level of serum NSE in small cell lung cancer increased up to $59.3{\pm}77.8\;ng/ml$. In small cell lung cancer patients, mean value of limited disease group was $20.19{\pm}12.91\;ng/ml$, while mean value of extended disease group was $91.9{\pm}94.2\;ng/ml$ showing statistically significant difference. If serum levels above 20 ng/ml were tentatively defined as positive, 16 of 22 (73%) patients with SCLC had positive serum NSE level, but only one patient with NSCLC did. There was no correlation between serum NSE level and immunoreactivity of NSE. Conclusion: These studies indicate that serum NSE measurement may be a useful marker for the diagnosis and disease extent and NSE immunostaining can be used to demonstrate the neuroendocrine components of lung tumor.

  • PDF

Calretinin-Immunoreactive Amacrine Cells and Ganglion Cells in the Greater Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (한국관박쥐망막에서 칼레티닌 면역반응성의 무축삭세포 및 신경절 세포에서의 관찰)

  • Jeon, Young-Ki;Jeon, Chang-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.12 no.4
    • /
    • pp.133-139
    • /
    • 2007
  • Although the physiological roles of calretinin have not been established, it may simply work as a calcium buffer or may actively work in calcium-mediated signal transduction. Calretinin plays a little role in the transport and physiological buffering of calcium in the adult photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells and horizontal cells of the human retina. We identified the calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the inner nuclear cell layer and ganglion cell layer and the distribution pattern of the labeled neurons in the retina of a bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in this study. We observed the existence of calretinin-immunoreactive AII amacrine cell in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer of bat retina through this study. This observation must be significant along with our previous studies as we need to study for more understanding about the unsolved issue of a bat vision and the unique behavioral aspects of bat flight maneuverability.

  • PDF