• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.214-217
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• 2011

Fumigant, methyl bromide which is used in most countries for plant quarantine, has been designated and under control as ozone depleting substance. For developing alternative chemicals for methyl bromide, many countries have been intensifying their capacity. This study was carried out to investigate the residue patterns of hydrogen cyanide which is commonly used for plant quarantine. Hydrogen cyanide was treated onto the orange, banana, and pineapple at recommended and double doses and then sampling was done at 1 and 3 day after fumigation treatment. Residue of hydrogen cyanide was found safe because average residue levels on orange, banana, and pineapple after 3 days of fumigation treatment were $0.57{\pm}0.05$, $0.21{\pm}0.17$, and $0.41{\pm}0.08$ ppm, which were lower than the MRLs of Korea (5 ppm), Japan (5 ppm), USA (50 ppm), and Canada (25 ppm). Hydrogen cyanide are expected to be used as alternative chemicals for methyl bromide fumigant for orange, banana, and pineapple.

• 산림경영
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• s.148
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• pp.54-55
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• 2001

산림청 임업연구원(원장 서승진)은 몬트리올의정서에서 오존층 파괴물질로 지정되어 2005년부터 세계적으로 사용이 금지되게 되는 훈증농약인 메틸브로마이드(Methyl Bromide : MB)를 대체할 수 있는 훈증활성물질 이소치오시아네트(Isothiocyanate)를 양고추냉이(겨자무)로부터 추출하는데 성공하였다. 메틸브로마이드는 세계적으로 토양소득, 검역, 시설물 훈증에 약 7만톤이 사용되는 유독성 물질로서 대체물질 개발을 위해 여러나라에서 연구 중에 있으며 우리나라도 OECD 가입국으로서 환경친화적 무공해 농약의 개발이 시급한 실정이었다. 이소치오시아네이트는 쌀, 옥수수, 콩 등 각종 곡물에 피해를 주는 쌀바구미, 팥바구미, 화랑곡나방, 권연벌레 등 저장곡물해충에 메틸보로마이드와 대등한 살충효과가 있는 무공해 천연물로서 메틸브로마이드를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 전망하고 있다. 앞으로 제형개발 등 상품화가 되면 수입에 의존하고 있는 저장곡물 방충농약을 대체할 수 있어 연간 300만 달러의 외화 절감은 물론 지구환경파괴를 막을 수 있는 획기적 계기를 마련하였다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.333
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• pp.59-63
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• 2016

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.354-361
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• 2021

Understanding the phytotoxic mechanism of methyl bromide (MB), an essential fumigant during the quarantine and pre-shipment process, is urgently needed to ensure its proper use and reduce international economic losses. In a previous study, two main MB-induced toxic mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and auxin distribution were selected by analyzing transcriptomic analysis. In the study, a 3-week-old A. thaliana was supplied with 1 mM ROS scavengers [N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or L-glutathione (GSH)] and 1µM indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) three times every 12 h, and visual and gene expression assessments were performed to evaluate the reduction in phytotoxicity by supplements. Phytotoxic effects on the MB-4h exposed group were decreased with GSH application compared to the other single supplements and a combination of supplements at 7 days post fumigation. Among these supplements, GSH at a concentration of 1, 2, and 5mM was suppled to A. thaliana with MB-fumigation. During a long-term observation of 2 weeks after the fumigation, 5 mM GSH application was the most effective in minimizing MB-induced phytotoxic effects with up-regulation of HSP70 expression and increase in main stem length. These results indicated that ROS was a main key factor of MB-induced phytotoxicity and that GSH can be used as a supplement to reduce the phytotoxicity of MB.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.283
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• pp.5-9
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• 2011

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.960-962
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• 1999

Organically modifidied montmorillonites were synthesized from sodium montmorillonite and alkylammonium halids (stearyltrimethyl bromide and cetyltrimethyl bromide) by solid-solid reaction. The structure of the products by solid-solid reactions was similar to that observed in a conventional solution method.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

트리클로로에틸렌 (trichloroethylene, TCE)는 오랜 시간동안 자연환경에서 잔류할 뿐만 아니라 TCE보다 더욱 더 독성이 강한 중간 생성물들을 만들기 때문에 미국과 대부분의 전세계 국가들로부터 주요 1차 환경오염물질로 분류되었다. 그러한 독성물질들은 혐기성 상태에서는 다이클로로 에틸렌(dichloroethylene, DCE)과 바이닐 클로라이드 (vinyl chloride, VC)와 같은 독성물질들이 생성되고 호기성 상태에서는 TCE epoxide계통의 물질들이 생성된다. 또한 훈증제인 메틸 브로마이드 (methyl bromide)는 대기의 오존층을 파괴하는 것으로 알려져 있고, 2001년경에 미국환경보호청 (USEPA)에 의해 사용이 금지될 것이다. TCE는 혐기성 조건하에서 연속적으로 탈염소화되고, 이어서 호기성 조건하에서 완전 산화될 수 있다. 그리하여 연속적인 혐기성 및 호기성 조건하에서 궁극적으로 TCE의 완전분해를 이루게된다. 메틸브로마이드는 화학적으로 가수분해되어 메틸 알콜 (methyl alcohol)로 되거나 유기물에 강하게 결합 (bound)된다. 또한 그것은 생물학적으로 포름알데하이드 (formaldehyde)로 산화되거나 메틸알콜로 가수분해된다. 수많은 연구자들에 의해 행해진 연구들은 TCE와 MeBr은 메탄 혹은 암모니아 산화 세균에 의한 공동대사과정 (cometabolism)을 통해 분해가 증진될 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 두 부류의 세균들이 두 화합물들을 분해시킬 수 있는 monooxygenase를 생산한다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 이 연구 논문에서 TCE와 MeBr의 생분해와 관련된 가장 최근의 연구논문들로부터 나온 핵심 연구결과들이 요약 검토된다. TCE와 MeBr로 오염된 현장을 정화하기 위해 이러한 기초연구결과들을 토대로 더욱 더 많은 연구가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2010

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO) were synthesized using bis(triethoxy silyl) ethane (BTEE) as the precursor and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(DTMA), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTMA), and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(ODTMA) as the templating agents. The surface area and pore volume of PMO decrease with the increasing of chain length of templating agents. However, the chain length of templating agents almost has no effect on the pore diameter of PMO. From the XRD and the DSC experiments, we found that the chain length of surfactants using as the templating agents has an effect on the melting transition of polyethylene. But it has no effect on the melting transition of poly(ethylene oxide). The results of TGA prove that the thermal decomposition temperature of polymer which was penetrated into PMO was increased.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2012

Anoxic treatments using argon and nitrogen gas in controlled atmospheres have been used as a alternative to methyl bromide for insect disinfection in museums. Anoxic chamber system was manufactured and installed at The National Folk Museum of Korea for the first time in Korea. The internal capacity of anoxic chamber is 0.5m3 in which is able to use argon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas. This system is equipped with oxygen concentration, temperature and ralative humidity control devices and automatically controlled oxygen concentration from 0.01 to 20%, temperature from 10 to $50^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 30 to 80%. To control the oxygen concentration, anoxic chamber system is adopted semi-dynamic method which supplies mixture of humidified gas and dry gas whenever oxygen concentration in chamber becomes higher than setting value. It has kept regularly oxygen concentration, temperature and relative humidity for 20 days using argon gas. To evaluate the disinfection of cigarette beetle larvae and adults and varied carpet beetle larvae, the anoxic chamber system maintained 0.01% of oxygen concentration, $25^{\circ}C$ in temperature and 50% in relative humidity for 30 days. Cigarette beetle larvae were killed in 7 days and adults in 3~5 days. And varied carpet beetle larvae were killed in 3 days. It reaches the conclusion form the evaluation this anoxic chamber system can be used to develop anoxic treatment as an alternative of methyl bromide for insect disinfection of infested cultural properties in museums.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

Anoxia Treatment using inert gas like nitrogen and argon has been used to eradicate insects successfully in museums as alternative of methyl bromide and toxic insecticide. Killing efficacy of insect for anoxia treatment is depend on species of insects, oxygen concentration, temperature, relative humidity and gas. It is possible to kill museum insects which are most tolerant in anoxia environment, within 1 month below 0.03% of oxygen concentration in temperature $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 40~60% of museum environment. And various systems like bag, tent, bubble and chamber depending on size and quantity of objects, are used.