• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.17B no.4
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2010

Reversible watermarking which can preserve the original quality of the digital contents and protect the copyright has been studied actively. Especially, in medical, military, and art fields, the need for reversible watermarking is increasing. This paper proposes a high-capacity reversible watermarking through predicted error expansion and error estimation compensation. Watermark is embedded by expanding the difference histogram between the original value and the predicted value. Differently from previous methods calculating the difference between adjacent pixels, the presented method calculates the difference between the original value and the predicted value, and that increases the number of the histogram value, where the watermark is embedded. As a result, the high capacity is achieved. The inserted watermark is extracted by restoring the histogram between the original value and the predicted value. To prove the performance, the presented algorithm is compared with other previous methods on various test images. The result supports that the presented algorithm has a perfect reversibility, a high image quality, and a high capacity.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.266-269
• /
• 2007

최근 웹서비스의 사용은 메시지 수준의 상호운용성 및 시스템 통합의 용이성으로 인해 빠르게 확장되고 있다. 웹서비스 기반 응용 또는 웹서비스는 다른 웹서비스를 선택하여 이용하게 된다. 이러한 웹서비스의 선택은 정적으로 이루어지므로 신규 웹서비스에 대한 생성 및 서비스에 대한 상태 변화가 지속적으로 이루어지는 환경에서 최적의 서비스 결정 및 선택은 전체 응용의 성능에 영향을 미치게 된다. 웹서비스 사용자 간의 신뢰성과 안정성을 제공하기 위해서는 품질 정보를 유지하기 위한 하부 구조에 대한 확장이 필요하며, 품질 정보가 추가된 웹서비스에 대한 정보에 대한 정의 및 수집이 이루어져야 한다. 이 논문에서는 웹서비스의 품질요소에 대한 정형화된 정의를 기술한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.55-77
• /
• 2011

This study investigate the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's attitude of bundle component. Although each effect of bundle price discount framing and message framing has been explored individually, few attempts have been made to invest them jointly. This study tests the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's evaluation of bundle component. Moreover, this research focuses on consumer's evaluation of individual bundle component while the existing research on bundling primarily focused on consumer's evaluation of the bundle. Prior research suggests that consumers are sensitive to the framing of prices and discounts in the presentation of the bundle offer. For example, there is considerable evidence that partitioning or consolidating the prices of a bundle can influence the attractiveness of the bundle offer. Similarly, there is evidence that an equivalent price reduction to the overall bundle, one of the individual products in the bundle, or distributed among the individual products in the bundle can alter the perceived attractiveness of the offer (e.g. Chakravarti, Krish, Paul, and Srivastava 2002; Hamilton and Srivastava 2008; Janiszewski and Cunha 2004; Johnson, Herrmann and Bauer 1999; ; Morwitz, Greenleaf, and Johnson 1998; Yadav 1994; 1995). In line with these earlier research, this research suggests that the bundle type can influence the consumer's evaluation of bundle component. There are two types of bundle - mixed-leader bundle and mixed-joint bundle. In mixed-leader bundling, the price of one of the two products is discounted when the other product is purchased at the regular price. In mixed-joint bundling, a single price is set when the two product are purchased jointly. This study supposes that the teeth whitening product is the leader product in a mixed-leader bundle. So bundle price discount framing is manipulated such as "Buy the teeth whitening product (regular price \80,000) and get 50% discount on the functional toothpaste(regular price \40,000), special set price \100,000" or "Buy the functional toothpaste and the teeth whitening product as a set and get discount for the set, special set price \60,000". Message framing is manipulated through the product claims described in an advertising bill. The positive framing presents that "Over 95% of users achieved the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks" where as the negative framing presents "less than 5% of users did not achieve the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks". This study uses hypothetical brand name of the teeth whitening product and the functional toothpaste This study is based on a 2x2 factorial design with bundle discount framing (mixed-leader bundle vs. mixed-joint bundle) and massage framing (positive vs. negative). The dependant variables are consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product The data reveals that two dependant variables are correlated, so the data is analyzed with two-way MANOVA. This research explores the significant interaction effect of bundle discount framing and message framing on consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product. When the message framing is positive, consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product is higher in mixed-leader bundle than mixed-joint bundle condition. However, when the message framing is negative, consumer's evaluation is higher in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. The author explains this result by stating that consumers are less likely to use heuristics such as price-quality association and value discounting hypothesis(Raghubir 2004) in the negative message framing condition. Additionally, consumer's perceived risk of the teeth whitening product in the negative message framing condition can be more reduced by the bundle partner(e.g. the toothpaste) in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. Based on the results, marketing managers are advised to use different bundle type based on message framing of their product.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.507-513
• /
• 2018

Steganography is a technique that uses hidden messages to prevent anyone apart from knowing the existence of a secret message, except the sender and trusted recipients. This paper applies 24 bit color image as cover medium. And a 24-bit color image has three components corresponding to red, green and blue. This paper proposes an image steganography method that uses Triple-A algorithm to hide the secret (Hangul) message by arbitrarily selecting the number of LSB bits and the color channel to be used. This paper divides the secret character into the chosung, jungsung and jongsung, and applies crossover, encryption and arbitrary insertion positions to enhance robustness and confidentiality. Experimental results of the proposed method show that insertion capacity and correlation are excellent and acceptable image quality level. Also, considering the image quality, it was confirmed that the size of LSB should be less than 2.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 2018

The goal of the secret message communication on the internet is to maintain invisibility and confidentiality. Digital steganography is a technique in which a secret message is inserted in a cover medium and transmitted to a destination so that a third party can not perceive the existence of the message itself. Steganography is an efficient method for ensuring confidentiality and integrity together with encryption techniques. In order to insert a secret (Hangul) message, I propose a image steganography method that the secret character is separated and converted into binary code with reference to the encryption table, the cover image is divided into two areas, and the secret message and the right l-LSB information of the second area are encrypted and crossed, concealing the k-LSB of the first region. The experimental results of the proposed method show that the PSNR value is 52.62 and the acceptable image quality level.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.44 no.8
• /
• pp.749-759
• /
• 2017

The weapon system based on voice call can cause delay, error or damage to the message during the exchange of information. Furthermore, since the weapon system has a unique message format, it has limited data distribution. Therefore, a Korea Variable Message Format(KVMF) has been developed in this study to utilize a standard sized data format to guarantee the transmission quality and minimize the transmission amount. The ground tactical data link system quickly and accurately shares tactical information by incorporating a field management system that utilizes the KVMF standard message in the mobile weapon system. In this study, we examine the possibility of performing the mission immediately by recovering the state of network joining when a normal/abnormal termination situation of the battlefield management system occurs.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2015

This paper suggests a multi-agent message transport architecture based on the message-oriented middleware ZeroMQ. Compared with the other middlewares such as CORBA, Ice, and Thrift, ZeroMQ receives a good score in the evaluation of performance, QoS (Quality of Service), patterns, user friendliness, and resources. The suggested message transfer architecture borrowed many basic concepts like agent platform, AMS (Agent Management System), and MTS (Message Transfer System) from FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) standard multi-agent specifications, and the architecture inherited the strength of the architecture from the multi-agent framework SMAF (Smart Multi-Agent Framework). The architecture suggested in this paper is a novel peer-to-peer architecture which is not known to the ZeroMQ community. In the suggested architecture, every MTS agent uses only one ZeroMQ router socket to support peer-to-peer communication among MTS agents. The suggested architecture can support closely collaborating software areas such as intelligent robots as well as the traditional application areas of multi-agent architecture. The suggested architecture has interoperability and scalability with the ZeroMQ devices and patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2001.10c
• /
• pp.352-354
• /
• 2001

오늘날 우리는 맡은 발전을 거듭한 지능망 서비스를 일상 생활에서 직간접적으로 접하고 있으며. 서비스가 다양화 되고 그 품질이 중요시 되면서 TCAP(Transaction Capability Application Part)의 높은 성능과 안정성에 대한 요구가 증대되어 왔다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 고성능 무중단 TCAP 모델은 원격지에 위치한 다중 TCU(Transaction Capability User)에게 TCP/IP 소켓을 제공하고 폴링(Polling)을 수행하여 TCU상태를 효과적으로 관리하며, 네트워크 장애나 하위 스택 프로세스 문제로 서비스가 지속될 수 없는 경우 이중화 메커니즘을 적용하여 서비스의 중단을 최소화 한다. TCU 어플리케이션 개발자를 위해 이중화에 대한 고려 엄이 TCAP 메시지론 사용할 수 있도록 API를 제공 하여 실제 서비스 적용에 범용성과 편리성을 제공한다. 기존에 개발되어 사용되고 있는 TCAP보다 메시지 처리 및 전송 효율을 높이기 위한 프로세스 구조와 무중단 서비스 제공을 위한 이중화 모델을 설계하고 구현하였다. 설계 및 구현 내용을 검증하기 위해 ITU-T에서 권고하는 적합성 시험을 실시하고, 테스트 베드를 구축 해 성능 시험을 수행 한다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
• /
• 2001.04b
• /
• pp.1205-1208
• /
• 2001

인터리빙은 부호화된 메시지를 전송채널을 통하여 전송하기 전에 이루어지는 시간 다이버시티 기능으로 전송채널에서 일어나는 전송메시지에 대한 연집 오류를 시간적으로 확산시켜 산란오류로 분포시키는 기능을 수행한다. 따라서 복호기에서는 산란오류에 대하여 오류정정을 하게 되어 전송 데이터의 신호품질을 향상시킨다. 본 논문에서는 부 복호기에서 인터리빙 디인터리빙을 수행하는 블록, 대각, 랜덤 인터리버 설계방법을 제시하고 블록, 제안된 블록, 랜덤 인터리버 디인터리버를 VHDL언어로 설계 및 검증한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 2001

급속한 인터넷의 확산으로 인해 다양한 멀티미디어 응용 서비스들이 등장하였다 영상회의, 인터넷 방송, VOD등과 같은 실시간 인터넷 멀티미디어 서비스들은 고속의 데이터 전송과 QoS 그리고, 멀티캐스트를 요구한다. 인터넷의 하부구조인 ATM 망에서 IP 멀티캐스트를 지원하기 위한 방안으로 MARS가 제안되었으며, 또한 최선형 서비스 기반의 인터넷에서 서비스의 품질을 보장하기 위하여 자원예약 신호 프로토콜인 RSVP가 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 단일 MCS기반의 MARS가 가지는 문제점들을 보완하기 위해 2개 이상의 MCS를 가지는 다중 MCS MARS기반의 ATM 망에서 클러스터 내의 ATM 호스트가 특정 IP 멀티캐스트 그룹에 가입할 경우 MARS가 종단간 전송지연을 최소화하는 MCS를 할당하여 송신자와 수신자간에 최소의 전송지연을 가지도록 하고, MARS가 Resv 메시지를 수신했을 때, 자원예약 메시지를 처리할 수 있도록 그 기능이 확장된 MARS는 유지하고 있는 MCS 관리 테이블을 참조하여 MCS를 재 선정함으로써 인터넷 서비스의 QoS를 유지하고, MARS와 MCS의 처리 부하를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.