• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1990

The first well-preserved an immature fossil skeleton of Pleistocene age in South Korea was found at the quarry of Hungsu cave which consists of the Turubong Cave Complex, Ch'ongwon, Korea. This fossil remain has been designated as "Hungsu Cave Child". Associated with the individual were a small number of stone artifacts. While a precise date for this site is not available yet, the presence of fauna would suggest a warm period of an Upper Pleistocene date. Metric and non-metric methods are used for the description of the Hungsu child's skeleton. This fossil has been assigned a developmental age of 5 years, but can be considered to be the range of 4 to 6 years. Estimated cranial capacity ranged from 1,260 to 1,300 CC and the estimated stature from 110 to 120cm. The Hungsu child is differentiated by the superiority in size of skull, cranial length and height, and, most significantly, its greater parietal arc. On the basis of comparison of the total cranical characteristics of Hungsu child and other samples including hominid fossils and modern man of East Asia, it is assumed that Hungsu child can currently, be classified as "an anatomically modern man or anatomically Homo sapiens". Homo sapiens".uot;.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1541-1547
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• 2005

In this paper, Dualband internal antenna for GSM/DSC handset is proposed. The antenna has a size of about $38mm{\times}90mm{\times}1mm$, giving a total mobile phone PCB for support and fold type patch of about $30mm{\times}8mm{\times}3.2mm$. This antenna characteriatic facilitates the fine-tuning of the two operating frequencies of 909MHz and 1762MHz in the dualband design. The measured radiation pattern in the E-plane and H-plane for operating frequencies of 909MHz and 1762MHz is compared and analyzed. The designed and fabricated two band internal antenna for GSM/DSC handset have a gain between 0dBi and 2.0dBi at all bands. Also, the electric firld distribution and directivity on human head caused by portable phone is analyzed. An analysis model is composed of a human head model and the antenna mounted on the same ground plane as portable telephone size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 최근 신원확인 수단으로 각광받고 있는 생체인식 중 가장 신뢰도가 높은 홍채인식에 관한 연구에 대해 기술하고 있다. 비접촉식 홍채인식 시스템의 경우 홍채영상의 획득 시 사람의 머리가 기울어지거나 움직임에 따라 영상이 좌측 혹은 우측으로 조금씩 회전, 혹은 이동하거나 크기가 달라지게 된다. 이런 경우 동일인의 홍채영상도 매번 조금씩 달라지게 되므로, 정확한 인식을 위해서는 획득된 각 영상의 정규화 과정과 함께 회전된 영상에 대한 보완 등의 전처리 과정이 매우 중요하다. 영상 필터를 통한 정확한 외곽 경계의 검출과 정규화, 비교방법을 통해 이를 보완하고, 웨이블렛 변환을 이용하여 특징값을 얻은 후 검증 실험 결과를 보임으로써 회전, 이동, 크기에 무관한 홍채 인식 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of morphologic pelvis according to age and gender. Pelvis AP(anterior-posterior) projection were taken from 382 individuals (men: 194, women: 188) at the age of twenty and older. We measured four values of pelvis using CR (computed radiological system) including maximum pelvic breadth (MPB), sacral breadth (SB), transverse diameter of pelvic inlet (TD), and distance between femoral heads (DFH). Average (t-test, ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were calculated for comparison. While there was no significant difference of gender in case of MPB, significant differences were observed in SB (men 97.76 mm, women 102.00 mm), TD (men 138.0 mm, women 149.79 mm), and DFH (men 141.94 mm, women 150.39 mm). The DFH values were negatively correlated with the age (men r=-0.280, women r=-0.207). The morphological changes of pelvis were measured high in the men of 50's and in the women of 60's and 70's. The SB, TD and DFH were greater in the women than in the man. As the ages get higher, the deviation of pelvis were gradually increased, which indicates that the morphological changes of pelvis with respect to the age reflects an aging process.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2016

Two unrecorded naturalized species, Stachys agraria Schltdl. & Cham. and Dracocephalum moldavica L (Lamiaceae), are newly reported in Korea. Stachys agraria and D. moldavica were found at Seogwipo-si on Jeju-do and at ChunChen-si in Gangwondo in Korea, respectively. Stachys agraria is distinguished from other related Korean taxa by corolla of 2.4-5.2 mm long with six to twelve flowers in the node. Its local name is "Ae-gi-seok-jam-pul" based on shorter than longer corollar. Dracocephalum moldavica was distinguishable from other Dracocephalum in Korea by the following combination of characters, oblong to ovate-triangular ($1.7-2.4cm{\times}0.8-1.2cm$) leaves and rough crenate at the margin. This taxon is referred to as 'Hyang-yong-meo-ri' in Korean based on its fragrance. We provide a description, illustrations, photographs, and a key of related taxa in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scattered dose of X-ray at a distance of 30cm from the area to be examined when X-ray field is the most optimized and maximized when X-ray is performed on hand, skull and abdomen. As a result of scattered dose of X-ray on hand, skull and abdomen, first, when X-ray field was the most optimized upon adult X-ray examination, it was $0.08{\mu}Sv$, $4.39{\mu}Sv$ and $5.56{\mu}Sv$, respectively. When x-ray field was maximized, it was $0.58{\mu}Sv$, $33.47{\mu}Sv$ and $35.93{\mu}Sv$, respectively. Second, when X-ray field was the most optimized upon pediatric X-ray examination, it was $0.40{\mu}Sv$, $14.51{\mu}Sv$ and $18.86{\mu}Sv$, respectively. When x-ray field was maximized, it was $2.78{\mu}Sv$, $107.40{\mu}Sv$ and $117.52{\mu}Sv$, respectively(P<0.001). As a result, when the size of X-ray field was decreased down to be necessary and optimal upon X-ray examination, emission of scattered X-ray around specimen is reduced approximately 6-7 times as much as that when it was maximized.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.657-663
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the difference in feeding habits of Red-Tongued Viper Snakes, according to available foods sources and areas. The effects of differences in food sources were found on Red-Tongued Viper Snake inhabited in the Jeju Island and its islet Gapado, from May 2006 to Nov. 2010. The food sources for the Red-Tongued viper snake population in the Jeju Island were found to be as follows: Chinese red-headed centipedes (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans), Jeju Salamanders (Hynobius quelpaertensis), Japanese tree Frogs (Hyla japonica), Narrow-mouthed Toad (Kaloula borealis), Dybowski's Brown Frogs (Rana dybowskii), Black-spotted Pond Frogs (Rana nigromaculata), Smooth Skinks (Scincella vandenburghi), Asian Keelback Snakes (Amphiesma vibakari), Lesser White-toothed Shrews (Crosidura shantungensis), Hallasan Shrews (Sorex caecutiens hallamontanus), and Jeju Striped Field Mice (Apodemus chejuensis). This implies that Red-Tongued Viper Snakes mainly feed on amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. Among these, amphibians occupied the highest portion at 55.2% followed by mammals at 20.7%, centipedes at 13.8%, and reptiles at 10.3%. On the contrary, Red-tongued viper snake population in Gapado only feed on Chinese red-headed centipedes and Smooth Skinks (S. vandenburghi). Since only a small amount of nutrient can be obtained from Chinese red-headed centipeds or Smooth Skinks, this feeding habit for Red-tongued viper snake would adversely effect on the growth or regeneration. The reason why Red-Tongued viper snake population in the Gapado mainly feed on Lizard and Centipedes in spite of relatively various available food sources, might be due to the low density of other food sources in the Gapado. Red-Tongued viper snake could be feeding on foods that are low in quality but are easily accessible, to minimize energy consumption on searching for other more nutritious foods. A snake tends to select the size of its food depending on the size of its own head. The positive correlation was found between the size of the heads of Red-Tongued viper snakes from the Jeju island and the diameter of their foods. The head size was larger in the males than females in viper snake population from the Jeju Island, which might effect on their selection of foods. However, no significant difference was found between the sizes of the head and the food in the Red-Tongued viper snake population from the Gapado. The findings of this study would provide meaningful data, which directly shows that even within the same viper species they choose different available food sources according to their inhabitance. This leads to their growth and adaptation to their environment which is beneficial for sustaining of its population.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.175-177
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• 2002

고속도 전자계산기의 대두는, 종래에 응력해석이 거의 불가능하다고 생각되던 많은 문제들의 해결을 가능케 하였다. 그러나 많은 사람들이 착각하고 있드시 전자계산기가 모든 문제를 자동적으로 해결하는 것은 결코 아니다. 계산기의 성능이 발달할수록 더욱 더 어려운 문제의 해결이 가능해지는 것은 사실이나, 그렇게 되기 위해서는 사람의 머리에서 만들어 내야 하는 이론의 발달이 더욱 더 시급해지며 중요성을 띄게 되는 것이다. 즉 기계의 발달은 사람의 중요성을 더욱 절실하게 만드는 아이로니칼한 현상을 갖어 오게 된 것이다. 이러한 기계에 비한 사람의 중요성을 강조하기 위한 한 실예로서 본 논문에서는 방대한 크기를 가진 matrix equation을 푸는 한 방법을 다루기로 했다.(중략)

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a two-stage head tracking algorithm adequate for real-time active camera system having pan-tilt-zoom functions. In the color convergence stage, we first assume that the shape of a head is an ellipse and its model color histogram is acquired in advance. Then, the min-shift method is applied to roughly estimate a target position by examining the histogram similarity of the model and a candidate ellipse. To reflect the temporal change of object color and enhance the reliability of mean-shift based tracking, the target histogram obtained in the previous frame is considered to update the model histogram. In the updating process, to alleviate error-accumulation due to outliers in the target ellipse of the previous frame, the target histogram in the previous frame is obtained within an ellipse adaptively shrunken on the basis of the model histogram. In addition, to enhance tracking reliability further, we set the initial position closer to the true position by compensating the global motion, which is rapidly estimated on the basis of two 1-D projection datasets. In the subsequent stage, we refine the position and size of the ellipse obtained in the first stage by using shape information. Here, we define a robust shape-similarity function based on the gradient direction. Extensive experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm performs head hacking well, even when a person moves fast, the head size changes drastically, or the background has many clusters and distracting colors. Also, the propose algorithm can perform tracking with the processing speed of about 30 fps on a standard PC.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.132-140
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• 2023

In this study, a total of 21 parts of the head, carapace, and plastron of 21 tortoises were examined to investigate the characteristics of male and female sexual dimorphism of the Reeve's turtle (Mauremys reevesii), a natural monument in Korea. The ratio values of a total of 19 areas were derived from Head Length (HL) and Carapace Length (CL). As a result of comparing the ratio values, it was found that male tortoises had larger head length, head width, and head height than females compared to the size of the carapace. Since females grow eggs inside the body through internal fertilization after mating, female carapaces are judged to be larger than males overall. As a result of statistical analysis of the ratio values of the measured values, Plastron Length (PL), Bridge Length (BL), Gular Length (GL), Interhumeral Length (IH), Interanal Length (IAN), Femoral-Anal seam (FA) and Head Height (HH) showed statistically significant differences. Statistically significant in the part of the plastron, it is judged that the tortoise acts directly on each deck of the plastron as it grows. In addition, the head size of male tortoises was smaller than that of females, but it was found to be larger in proportion. It is considered that the tortoise has a rather large head compared to the body due to the male's habit of shaking his head and courtship behavior before mating. This study, we were able to identify the characteristics of sexual dimorphism in Reeve's turtle. However, since most of them were rescued, it was not possible to accurately determine habitat and age. In the future, if additional studies are conducted on individuals with clear habitats and ages, it is expected that the characteristics of the physical differences that develop as they grow can be identified.