• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10c
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• pp.415-418
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• 2007

본 논문은 머리카락을 포함한 얼굴 영역 추출에 관한 것으로서, 보다 구체적으로는 조명변화에도 강인 한 얼굴영역 추출방법과 다양한 머리카락의 모양과 색의 변화에도 신뢰성 있는 머리카락 추출 방법에 관한 것이다. 일반적으로 얼굴영상은 개인의 특징을 잘 표현할 수 있는 정보로써, 영상에서 얼굴 영역을 추출하여 이를 실제 얼굴영상정보를 이용한 얼굴인식, 관상정보 서비스를 위한 전처리, 기반기술을 제공하고, 실사 캐릭터 제작에도 바로 적용될 수 있다. 기존의 템플리트 매칭, 곡선추적 알고리즘 등과의 같은 추출방법에서는 얼굴크기 변화, 안경 및 장신구의 착용 여부 그리고 조명의 변화에 따라 얼굴영역 추출하는 처리속도가 많이 걸리고, 성능이 크게 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 상기한 바와 같이 종래의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 얼굴의 크기변화, 안경 및 장신구의 착용 여부 그리고 조명의 변화에서도 얼굴 영역을 잘 추출 할 있는 방법과 다양한 머리카락의 색, 형태 변화에도 신뢰성 있는 머리카락 추출방법을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.19-33
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• 2008

Hair style of royal ladies in the 19th century according to the wedding record of King Heon-jong and Lady Sunhwagung is studied in this paper and summarized as follows: First, Saengmeori was a bridal hair style for the wedding night in Gyeonmagi(jacket) and Daeranchima(Skirt with gold trimming). It was a typical girls' hair style before the coming-of-age ceremony. It was composed of Saengmeoridari(wig), Seockunghwang, Jogduri(Coronet decorated with Jewellery), Saengdaeng-gi(hair ribbon) trimmed pearls, and jade disk trimmed pearls. Second, Garaemeori(double bun hair style) was the hair style with Wonsam when the chosen bride went to Byeol-Gung, a special palace for the bridal. It was composed of Gareachi(wig) and Cheopji(small wig) with the frontal hair ornament, jogduri, and Saidang-gi(hair ribbon). Third, Jojimmeori(single bun hair style) is a basic hair style for the madame. It was composed of jojimmeorichilbo, jogduri, jojimmeoridari(wig), and Cheopji with a frontal hair ornament. Fourth, Keunmeori is the second most important hair style for the court ceremony. It was composed of Eoyeomjogduri, Eoyeomdari(wig), Cheopji with a frontal hair ornament, Keunmeoridari(wig), and Keunmeorichilbo. Fifth, Susik, the most important hair style for the court ceremony, is the hair style for ceremonies including the day of becoming the formal queen, the first greeting day to the King's family. It was composed of 4 kinds of wigs and Susik-chilbo.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a two-stage head tracking algorithm adequate for real-time active camera system having pan-tilt-zoom functions. In the color convergence stage, we first assume that the shape of a head is an ellipse and its model color histogram is acquired in advance. Then, the min-shift method is applied to roughly estimate a target position by examining the histogram similarity of the model and a candidate ellipse. To reflect the temporal change of object color and enhance the reliability of mean-shift based tracking, the target histogram obtained in the previous frame is considered to update the model histogram. In the updating process, to alleviate error-accumulation due to outliers in the target ellipse of the previous frame, the target histogram in the previous frame is obtained within an ellipse adaptively shrunken on the basis of the model histogram. In addition, to enhance tracking reliability further, we set the initial position closer to the true position by compensating the global motion, which is rapidly estimated on the basis of two 1-D projection datasets. In the subsequent stage, we refine the position and size of the ellipse obtained in the first stage by using shape information. Here, we define a robust shape-similarity function based on the gradient direction. Extensive experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm performs head hacking well, even when a person moves fast, the head size changes drastically, or the background has many clusters and distracting colors. Also, the propose algorithm can perform tracking with the processing speed of about 30 fps on a standard PC.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1990

A morphological study on the immature and adult stages of Anagrus incarnatus Haliday was carried out under laboratory condition at 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. The egg is sausage-shaped with a long slender pedicel. The first instar is a bag-shaped larva. The second instar larval form of A. incarnatus is similar to he "histriobdellid" stage. The antenna has 9 and 13 segments of the female and male, respectively. The first funicular segment of the female's antenna is very short, subspherical or globular type and the third funicular segment with one sensory ridge is longer than the forth. The forewing of A. incarnatus has 8-9 rows of discal hairs providing no bare space at the broadest part. The length of ovarian eggs, egg, 1st instar, and 2nd instar of A. incarnatus is 0.165, 0.215, 0.290, and 0.535 mm, respectively, and the width of each stages is 0.025, 0.057, 0.082, and 0.110 mm, respectively. The developmental periods for egg, 1st instar, 2nd instar, prepupa, and pupal stage are about 1, 1, 4, 1, 5-6 days, respectively.pectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-409
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• 2003

Morphological and anatomical characters of selected 3 taxa of Rhynchospora were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of achene and leaf were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of bract, spikelet, scale, achene, stem, leaf and leaf sheath, and shape of inflorescence, spikelet, scale, apex of scale, perigynium and achene, and number of stigma and anatomical characters (transectional shape of the stem, and leaf: vascular bundles in stem and leaf epidermal patterns: shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification. Keys based on data were presented here.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.698-705
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• 2014

This study classifies features of women's hair adornments with the functional and decorative aspects in the Three Kingdoms Period and analyses in regards to their contemporary social and cultural surroundings. First, the tree-shaped and Rod-like hairpins in the Three Kingdoms Period are not as similar as to the hairpins found in China or other northern countries. It is farming lives and the wood-worship religion established the wearing of high-bun hair styles and tree-shaped hairpins. Second, high-bun hair styles and -shaped hairpins were basic hair decorations during the Three Kingdoms Period. Common high-bun styles finally became one of the cultures that reflected the contemporary thinking. High-bun hair styles, not excessively-decorated, became harmonized with the costume beauty and later developed along with with various-shaped hairpins. Third, Buyao (made of metals and based on flower subjects)in the Three Kingdoms Period was a unique style not been seen in the Han and Wei-jin-nam-bei-chao Period. Flowers in Buyao of the of the Three Kingdoms Period show an elegant sway, which is not excessively-decorated that developed into unique features.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1909-1910
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 실린더 모델을 이용하여 머리의 다양한 포즈 변화와 조명 변화에 대해 강인한 얼굴 인식을 제안하고자 한다. 실린더 모델은 사람의 머리가 실린더 모양과 유사하고 그 표면은 얼굴에 해당된다고 가정한다. 실린더 모델은 6가지의 모션 파라메터를 따라 움직이며 Lucas-Kanade 알고리즘에 의해 모션 파라메터의 양을 결정한다. 강인한 동작을 위해 템플릿을 지속적으로 바꿔주는 동적 템플릿(dynamic template)방법과 그에 따른 에러가 누적되는 것을 막기 위해 re-registration방법을 사용한다. 조명 문제를 해결하기 위해 템플릿에서 조명 주성분 벡터를 추출하여 제거하는 방법으로 조명 효과를 제거한다. 실험에서는 다양한 포즈 변화와 조명 변화가 반영된 얼굴 데이터베이스를 구축하고 추출한 텍스쳐 맵(texture map image)을 SVM에 적용함으로서 포즈, 조명 변화에 강인한 얼굴인식을 보인다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

To investigate the morphological characteristics of spermatozoa of the grey red-blacked vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus) belongings to the subfamily Cricetinae, subgenus Clethrionomys were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The sperm head of C. rufocanus was an ax or hatchet in shape with a curved single dorsal hook. The total length of C. regulus sperm was 95.8 ${\mu}m$. The length of sperm head was 7.8 ${\mu}m$, and the tail (88.0 ${\mu}m$) consisted of four major segments: the neck (1.0 ${\mu}m$), middle piece (22.0 ${\mu}m$), and principal piece plus end piece (65.0 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The segmented columns were about 10~12 in number. The number of gyres of mitochondria ranged from about 170 to 178. The post-nuclear cap occupied about a half of nucleus. The equatorial segment is located between the post-nuclear cap segment and acrosomal cap on the nuclear surface. Nos. 1, 5 and 6 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others. A fibrous sheath and longitudinal column of the principal piece were in evidence, but the fibrous sheath was not seen at the end piece. In conclusion, the morphological structures of sperm head and tail may be useful information to patterning of sperm evolution and classifying of species.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 1997

Naturally beared larvae obtained from female fish kept in the aquarium were reared for 45 days in the laboratory. The naturally beared larvae were 3.19 mm in average total length (TL) with 9+15~16=24~25 myomeres. Melanophores were distributed on the dorsal margin of intestine tube, ventral margins of the tail and around the oil globule, but none on the top of head and on the pectoral fins. The larva (3.35 mm TL) consumed all yolk and oil globule in 5 days after bearing, and jaw bones and clavicle began to be ossified rapidly. In 22 days after bearing, the larvae averaged 6.30 mm TL and the caudal notochord flex $45^{\circ}C$. Fin development in S. marmoratus larvae proceeds in the following sequence : caudal, pectoral, dorsal, anal and ventral fin.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2005

The preservative condition and ultrastructure on the mummified hair collected from newly found female mummy in Paju, were investigated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The female mummy was found in september, 2002 during the traditional reburial process for the buried ones. The hair of 16th century mummy showed very intact appearances during observation with electron microscope. And the structures of the cortex, medulla and cuticle were well preserved. The cuticle layer was easily discernable, which are composed of six to seven cuticular cells. Each cuticular cells surrounded and thus seperated from its neighbors by intercellular membrane complex. In the cortex, many macrofibrils and some melanin granules between them were observed. We observed well preserved rod form macrofibrils running parallel along the direction of hair shaft. Especially, melanin granules were aggregated in the cortex which was adjacent to the cuticlu layer. As to the cause for the well-preservation of 440 year old hair sample, the presence of surface coat on the hair, which are composed of various materials. As calcium was included in the surface coat in Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), the hardening process of the surface coat by calcium might inhibit the water or microorganism infiltration into the hair.