• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2019

본 연구는 매체순환연소공정용 산소전달입자로서 $CaSnO_3$ 입자의 타당성을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. $CaSnO_3$은 페롭스카이트 구조를 가지고, 반복되는 환원-산화 반응 후에도 구조적안정성을 보였다. 산소전달량은 환원 반응 시 결정구조 변화를 통해 계산된 이론 수치와 거의 동일한 15.4 wt%를 가졌다. 10번의 환원과 산화 반응 후에, 산소전달량과 산소전달속도는 작동 온도에서 일정하게 유지되었다. 결론적으로, $CaSnO_3$ 입자는 CLC의 산소 운반체로서 좋은 대체 물질이 될 수 있다고 판단하였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2002

This paper discusses effect of solid mass inventory on the hydrodynamic characteristics of circulating fluidized bed(CFB). Operating parameters of solid mass inventory and air flow rates were varied to understand their effects on fludization pattern. Experimental measurements were made in a CFB of which height and diameter are 3m and 0.05m respectively. Black SiC particles ranging from $100{\mu}m\;to\;500{\mu}m$ were employed as the bed material. Superficial gas velocity of riser and J-valve fluidizing velocity were in the ranges of $1.39{\sim}3.24m/s\;and\;0.139{\sim}0.232m/s$, respectively. The axial solid fraction and solid circulation rate of CFB were calculated based on the experimental data and compared with modellings through IEA-CFBC Model and commercial CFD code.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2014

Direct combustion characteristics of coal and oxygen carrier were measured in the thermogravimetric analyzer using four coals and two different oxygen carriers. The direct combustion efficiency decreased in order of Roto, Kideco, Sunhwa and Hyper coal for both oxygen carriers. Moreover, OCN703-1100 oxygen carrier showed better combustion efficiency than OCN706-1100 oxygen carrier for all four coals. The reduction characteristics of two oxygen carriers for $CH_4$, CO and $H_2$ gases were measured in the thermogravimetric analyzer to investigate why OCN703-1100 oxygen carrier showed better combustion efficiency than OCN706-1100 for all coals. The OCN703-1100 oxygen carrier represented higher reduction rate than OCN706-1100 for all reducing gases. Moreover, the total pore area and the porosity of OCN703-1100 were higher than those of OCN706-1100 oxygen carrier. The total volatile gas and volatile components of four coals were measured in a batch type fluidized bed reactor to investigate why the direct combustion efficiency decreased in order of Roto, Kideco, Sunhwa and Hyper coal for both oxygen carriers. The direct combustion efficiency was proportional to the total amount of ($CH_4+CO+H_2$) produced during devolatilization of coals.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2016

Effect of $H_2S$ on reactivity of oxygen carrier was measured and discussed using fluidized bed reactor and SDN70 oxygen carrier. We could get 100% of fuel conversion and $CO_2$ selectivity even though $H_2S$ containing simulated syngas was used as fuel for reduction. Absorbed sulfur was released during oxidation and $N_2$ purge step after oxidation as $SO_2$ form. We could get 100% of fuel conversion and $CO_2$ selectivity during cyclic reduction-oxidation tests up to 10th cycle. However, only 6~7% of sulfur can be removed during oxidation and $N_2$ purge step and 93~94% of sulfur was accumulated in the oxygen carrier. Therefore we could conclude that total removal of sulfur was not possible. $SO_2$ emission during oxidation decreased as the number of cycle increased. Therefore we could expect that the reactivity of oxygen carrier will be decreased with time.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2016

To develop an ash separator for the solid fuel chemical looping combustion system, effects of operating variables such as solid injection nozzle velocity, diameter of solid injection nozzle, gap between solid injection line and vent line, vent line inside diameter, and solid intake height on solid separation rate and solid separation efficiency were measured and discussed using heavy and coarse particle and light and fine particles mixture as bed material in an acrylic fluidized bed apparatus. The solid separation rate increased as the solid injection nozzle velocity and the diameter of solid injection nozzle increased. However, the solid separation rate decreased as the gap between solid injection line and vent line, the vent line inside diameter, and the solid intake height increased. The solid separation efficiency was in inverse proportion to the solid separation rate. In this study, we could get high solid separation rate up to 2.39 kg/hr with 91.6% of solid separation efficiency.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

For gaseous fuel combustion with inherent $CO_2$ capture and low NOx emission, chemical-looping combustion(CLC) may yield great advantages of savings of energy to $CO_2$ separation and suppressing the effect on environment. In chemical-looping combustor, fuel is oxidized by metal oxide medium (oxygen carrier particle) in a reduction reactor. Reduced particles are transported to oxidation reactor and oxidized by air and recycled to reduction reactor. The fuel and the air are never mixed, and the gases from reduction reactor, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$, leave the system as separate stream. The $H_2O$ can be easily separated by condensation and pure $CO_2$ is obtained without any loss of energy for separation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate inherent $CO_2$ separation and no NOx emission and to confirm high $CO_2$ selectivity, no side reaction (i.e., carbon deposition, hydrogen generation) by continuous reduction and oxidation experiment in a 50kWtb chemical-looping combustor. NiO/bentonite particle was used as a bed material and $CH_4$ and air were used as reacting gases for reduction and oxidation respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2011

To check adaptability of low ash coal(hyper coal) to chemical looping combustion, reaction characteristics of two coals (Roto and Hyper coal) with two oxygen carriers (NiO/bentonite, OCN703-1100) have been investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Hyper coal represented low combustion rate and high ignition temperature, high volatile content and high devolatilization rate, and therefore, showed worse oxygen transfer during successive 10 cycle reduction-oxidation test than Roto coal. Finally we selected Roto coal as the candidate coal for chemical looping combustion. For Roto coal, OCN703-1100 particle showed better oxygen transfer than NiO/bentonite particle. During 10 cycle reduction oxidation test, change of the extent of oxidation (Wo) was negligible and we could conclude that both oxygen carriers have sufficient regeneration ability.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2016

Effects of pressure, temperature, gas velocity, and fuel flow rate on reduction of three oxygen carriers, SDN70, OC-1, OC-2, were measured and investigated in a pressurized bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Among three oxygen carriers OC-2 was selected as the best oxygen carrier in view of fuel conversion and $CO_2$ selectivity. However, all oxygen carriers showed good reactivity even at high pressure conditions. SDN70 particle showed maximum reactivity at $900^{\circ}C$ and low reactivity at $950^{\circ}C$. However, reactivity decay of OC-1 and OC-2 particles at high temperature condition was negligible. The fuel conversion and the $CO_2$ selectivity slightly decreased as the gas velocity increased, whereas they are slightly increased as the fuel concentration increased.

• 청정기술
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

[ $CO_2$ ]원천 분리 수소제조 반응시스템은 금속 산화물의 산화/환원 반응을 이용하여 기존의 수증기-메탄 개질 반응을 3단계의 반응시스템으로 분리함으로써 메탄 연소 시 발생되는 $CO_2$를 원천적으로 분리함과 동시에 고순도 수소를 별도의 후단 공정없이 직접 생산해 내는 신 개념의 수소 생산 기술이다. 반응 시스템은 크게 연료(즉, $CH_4$)가 공급되는 연료반응기(FR: Fuel Reactor), 수증기가 공급되는 수증기반응기(SR: Steam Reactor) 및 공기가 공급되는 공기반응기(AR: Air Reactor)로 구성되며, 다른 반응기와 비교하여 반응 매체의 전환율과 선택도를 높이기 위하여 긴 체류 시간을 확보할 수 있는 두 개의 이동 층(FR, SR)으로 구성되었다. 본 연구에서는 200 L/h의 수소를 생산할 수 있는 매체 순환식 이동층 반응기 제작을 목적으로 수소발열량 기준 0.55kW급 이동 층 반응기의 개념 설계 및 cold model을 설계 제작하고 주요 운전 변수에 따른 수력학적 특성을 결정하였다. 개념 설계 결과 원하는 매체 전환율을 얻기 위해 필요한 고체 순환속도범위($20{\sim}100kg/m^2s$)를 결정하였다. Cold-model 실험 결과, loop-seal의 유속이 증가함에 따라 고체 순환 속도가 증가하였으며 이를 통하여 고체 순환속도 조절이 가능하였다. 반응시스템의 안정적인 조업을 위해서는 이동층(FR, SR) 조업 조건을 최소 유동화 속도 부근으로 유지하는 것이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이동층 내 고체 체류 량은 기상유속 및 고체 순환 속도 종가에 따라 감소하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 조업조건에서 개념 설계에서 원하는 고체 순환 속도 및 흐름 특성을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.600-608
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• 2015

As a candidate for cheap oxygen carrier, $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carriers have been developing. However, research on reaction characteristics and side reaction of $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carrier is very limited. There are many possible reactions for main components of syngas from coal. In this study, we prepared three $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carriers ($CaSO_4$-$Fe_2O_3$/bentonite, $CaSO_4$-$K_2CO_3$/bentonite, $CaSO_4$-CaO/bentonite) and performed reduction tests by hydrogen. Cyclic reduction-oxidation tests up to $5^{th}$ cycle are also conducted using hydrogen as fuel. Reduction reactivity of those $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carriers were compared with that of NiO based oxygen carrier (OCN703-1100). Real weight change fractions of $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carriers were higher than theoretical oxyen transfer capacity and reactivity of these particles decreased with the number of cycle increased. To check possible side reaction of $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carriers, $CaSO_4$ decomposition tests were carried out and $SO_2$ was detected even at $700^{\circ}C$. Consequently, we could conclude that $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carriers decompose and release $SO_2$ and this reaction lead reactivity decay of $CaSO_4$ based oxygen carries.