• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

This study is aimed to be used as basic data to plan Korean style cohousing for double-income families in the future by studying their lifestyle, housing needs and housing awareness on cohousing. The results of the study are as follows. 1) As for the life style of the subject families, it was a housewife that mainly does the household affairs despite of the status of double-income family. Also, as for the social activity, almost half of the respondents said that the spending in child-care facilities was not sufficient and wanted to send their children to ones within their neighborhood. 2) As far as housing awareness on cohousing concerned, among specific items, the child care area, the household affairs division area, and participatory awareness of residents in housing planning and management got higher scores, while as for awareness on utilizing common space, using the common hobby rooms, promenades and benches, exercise facilities, common yard, and study rooms got higher scores. When asked about the necessity for cohousing in Korea, they gave very positive answers, but the answer to their willingness to reside in it was less positive. 3) Summarizing the housing needs on cohousing, it turned out that more people wanted to reside in suburban area with others having common grounds with them as for a desirable residence environment. They wanted the neighborhood to be composed of 10${\sim}$29 families, and medium-density semi-detached house occupied by owners. They wanted a mixture of independent management and entrust management for managing common facilities, and common meal once a week. They wanted indoor exercise facilities to be more extended than other common facilities, and the house of $100m^{2}{\sim}130m^{2}$ with 3 bedrooms, 2 bath rooms, and a large living room and dining room.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-136
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of the division of household labor on the marital satisfaction of husbands and wives in dual-earner families. Data were collected from 193 couples in dual-earner families; the questionnaire measurements were based on recommendations from the literature review. The questionnaire consisted of inquiries concerning gender role attitudes, marital communication efficiency, division of household labor, satisfaction in the division of household labor, and marital satisfaction. Each of these categories had an individual measurement scale that enabled measurement of its impact on marital satisfaction. The major findings of this study are as follows: The couples in dual-earner families showed egalitarian gender role attitudes and high levels of marital communication efficiency. They also reported high levels of satisfaction with their division of household labor and their marital lives. Wives in dual-earner families had more egalitarian gender role attitudes compared with their husbands, and husbands perceived themselves to be investing more time in performing household chores (that is, in the division of household labor) than was perceived by their wives. Husbands were also more satisfied with the division of household labor and marital life compared to their wives. Finally, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that satisfaction in the division of household labor and in marital communication efficiency (as perceived by the couples) significantly predicted husbands' marital satisfaction. On the other hand, wives' age, marital communication efficiency, and the differences in the division of household labor (as perceived by the couples) significantly predicted wives' marital satisfaction.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effective factors that influence subjective cognition, conflict degree of work-family balance, and cognition of family strength according to general characteristic factors, working environmental factors, and home environmental factors, as well as analyze the relationships among subjective cognition, conflict degree, and cognition of family strength. The main data source for analysis in this study is the Second National Survey of Korean Families by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family in 2010. The survey includes the analysis of 419 respondents who have a dual income and live with their wife. The collected data are analyzed using SPSS 19.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, subjective cognition of work-family balance is influenced by satisfaction of work, division of housework, and care of family. Second, the conflict degree of work-family balance is influenced by age, working week, and satisfaction with work. Third, the relationship between subjective cognition and conflict degree of work-family balance is a negative correlation. The relationship between subjective cognition of work-family balance and cognition of family strength is a positive correlation but the difference between conflict degree of work-family balance and cognition of family strength is not significant. Finally, for the married men, the working environmental factor is a significant factor for the work-family balance. And the higher the satisfaction of work and division of domestic work, the greater is the balance between work and family. This suggests that they also have a higher cognition of family strength.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.11 s.213
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• pp.73-95
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to reduce the burden of household management and the difficulty of rearing children, which are two most important obstacles for a dual-income family. For this, we suggested a cohousing project, as an alternative concept to conventional housing, where people can socially interact with each other and share mutual cooperation for a better quality of life. We surveyed the lifestyle of dual-income families in Korea, how they understood the cohousing project and their opinions on it. We carried out a survey with the wives from dual income families who were living in the metropolitan areas including Seoul. We contacted 30 wives for the survey to determine the reality of the double income couple family and interviewed them to make a detailed plan for cohousing based on their understanding and needs. In the results, many women who responded to the interview agreed that cohousing was an ideal housing arrangement for the dual-income family. However, they were anxious that it would take too much time and effort to develop their own housing estate by themselves. Therefore, we looked for a way to save time, efforts and cost in developing a cohousing project and came up with the remodeling as a solution.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.33-60
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• 2018

This research was conducted to identify factors that affect work-life balance and happiness among married working couples with a double income. To this end, a survey was administered to 260 married working couples in the Seoul metropolitan region. The analysis of the survey responses using the SPSS (Ver. 21) program yielded several important results. First, the variables that significantly affected work-family balance included the number of family dinners eaten together, meaning of life, efforts to strike a work-life balance, and the availability of social institutions and policies that promote work-life balance. Variables that significantly affected work-leisure balance included meaning of life, number of family dinners eaten together, gender, and the availability of social institutions and policies that promote work-leisure balance. As for work-growth balance, significant variables included meaning of life, communication with colleagues, income, and meaning of work. Finally, variables that significantly affected happiness included meaning of life, income, communication with colleagues, and work-growth balance. Based on these results, follow-up research needs to be conducted on various groups to help determine the factors that will ensure their work-life balance and happiness.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.53-70
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop a scale to measure the family strength of single-parent families. We analyzed the everyday life and demands of single-parent families using the theory of family strength to draw 78 items that encompass family basis, relationships, roles, social networks and family culture. Using a sample of 286 single-parent families through an online survey platform, we examined the factor structure of the items and selected 48 items based on the results of the factor analysis. Reliability, criterion and construct validity were also examined. The final scale comprised of five domains ; basis, parents' role, work-life balance, social network, lifestyle and household management. This scale can be used as an assessment measure of the family strength of single-parent families for consulting, case management and suggesting various programs in the field. This merit will help enhance the quality of programing for single-parent families at the Healthy Family Support Center and the development of family strength scales for various types of families.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.51-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify perceived work-family conflict of married working women and men with children under 12 years. Specifically, This study attempts to examine the differences of relative influence between objective time variables and subjective satisfaction variables unlike previous research. For research, this study used the data of 1012 working men and women from the 3rd Nation survey of Korean Family in 2015. The main results of this study were as following. First, Business hours and cognition of enough leisure time had more relative effect of work${\rightarrow}$family conflict than any other variable. On the other hand, leisure time on weekdays had the effect of family${\rightarrow}$work conflict with women and men. Second, gender differences of work${\rightarrow}$family conflict and family${\rightarrow}$work conflict were identified. In work${\rightarrow}$family conflict, men were influenced cognition of enough leisure time, women were influenced couple conversation time and employment status unlike men. In family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, men were not influenced subjective satisfaction variables. But women were influenced satisfaction with division of child care. Third, in family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, the addition of objective time variables in Model of men resulted in an increased $R^2$-value, but in work${\rightarrow}$family conflict and family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, the addition of subjective satisfaction variables in Model of women resulted in an increased $R^2$-value.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.253-277
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify work-family balance values(work-family centrality, marriage value, child-care value, work value etc) in Korea, Japan and U. K.. Moreover, This article investigated the attitudinal generational gap in each countries. Participants were 311 Korean, 324 Japanese and 322 English married working women, who were in the thirties fifties. The major findings of this study were as follows. Compared to Japan and U. K., Korean married working women were more work-centered and likely to seek for extrinsic work value as well as intrinsic work value. While they were highly thought that a woman should work despite of her marriage, it was also strongly concerned if their work negatively affected family life, they should be better to quit their job. These results showed that conservative-liberal values were coexisted in Korean participants. Secondly, U. K. participants were more centered on the family-oriented value and thought that women were not necessary to work in work-family conflict, in comparison to Korean and Japanese. As a result of cluster analysis, they were a lot distributed in 'woman's family care oriented group' which was weigh on woman's role as a family care giver as well as 'family value oriented group'. Thirdly, Japan participants not only were less family-centered but also less work-centered. In the similar vein, they were less motivated and oriented to all of intrinsic and extrinsic work values compared with participants in Koran and U. K. On the other hand, Japanese participants, in sharp contrast to Korean, had a liberal viewpoint in work-family related values, such as woman's work, career break caused by work-family conflict, and family values. We were trying to interpret these results in consideration of socio-economic-politic as well as psychological aspects.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-131
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• 2010

This study observes how the conjugal sharing of the roles such as breadwinning, housework/childcare, and leisure activities affects wives' marital satisfaction, and how the relationships among the considered variables are similar or different across age categories. Two dependent variables, the relationship satisfaction and the marital happiness, are measured and estimated as the concept of the marital satisfaction. Analysed is the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families 2008 collected by Korean Women's Development Institute. Among women in the ages of 30s-50s, full-time housewives with the breadwinning husbands feel happier with their marriage than the wives in dual career families, and those in dual career families are happier than the breadwinning women with the househusbands. Among the women in their 40s, the highest relationship satisfaction is reported by the those of the dual career families. Wives in their 30s prefer equal division of familywork in explaining the relationship satisfaction, while wives in the age of 40s and 50s show only the effect of reducing wives' portion. The co-spousal leisure activity is consistently significant in its positive relationship with the marital satisfaction across the age categories. There is a general tendency that the marital satisfaction is the highest in the youngest age bracket and the lowest in the oldest. For managing better marriages, individual efforts of both spouses as well as social support are required.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2022

This study analyzed 2019 time survey data from the National Statistical Office to examine the childcare behaviors of fathers with preschool children and their determinants, considering types of care and working/nonworking days. The main results of this study are as follows. First, paternal childcare time of nonworking days was three times more than that of working days, and the participation rate was also higher on nonworking days. Second, there was no significant difference in the amount of time spent on primary care and developmental care by fathers, whether from dual- or single-income families. Third, it seems that fathers adjust their participation in childcare between working days and nonworking days in consideration of the mother's time availability. Fourth, the variables related to childcare needs had a significant influence on paternal childcare time on both working and nonworking days. Fathers' developmental care time was not explained by the independent variables entered into the regression analysis. As a result of the study, it is necessary to reduce fathers' working hours and increase family-friendly systems to increase fathers' participation in childrearing. Fathers' perception of parental responsibility must also be changed.