• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.893-897
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• 2009

Purpose : Advances in neonatal intensive care have improved the survival rate of low-birth-weight infants, but mild bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with the accompanying need for prolonged oxygen supplement remains problematic. Maternal chorioamnionitis and neonatal ventilator care affect the development of BPD. This study aimed to examine whether maternal chorioamnionitis or neonatal ventilator care affect the development of BPD dependently or independently. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 158 newborn infants below 36 weeks of gestational age and 1,500 gm birth weight admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Daegu Fatima Hospital between January 2000 and December 2006. We analyzed the incidence of BPD according to maternal chorioamnionitis and neonatal ventilator care. Result : Histologic chorioamnionitis was observed in 50 of 158 infants (31.6%). There were no significant differences in the development of BPD (P=0.735) between the chorioamnionitis (+) and chorioamnionitis (-) groups. In the multiple regression analysis, ventilator care (OR=7.409, 95% CI=2.532-21.681) and neonatal sepsis (OR=4.897, 95% CI=1.227-19.539) affected the development of BPD rather than maternal chorioamnionitis (OR=0.461, 95% CI=0.201-1.059). Conclusion : Ventilator care or neonatal sepsis may play a role in the development of BPD rather than maternal chorioamnionitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.317-326
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• 1999

Background: Neural control of airway function is through parasympathetic, sympathetic and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic mechanisms. The autonomic nervous system controls the airway smooth muscle tone, mucociliary system, permeability and blood flow in the bronchial circulation and release of mediators from the mast cells and other inflammatory cells. The cardiovascular and respiratory autonomic efferent fibers have a common central origin, so altered cardiovascular autonomic reflexes could reflect the altered respiratory autonomic status. Therefore, we performed this study to assess the autonomic abnormality and determine the correlating factors of severity of autonomic neuropathy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) using easily reproducible cardiovascular autonomic reflex function test. Method: The study included 20 patients with COPD and 20 healthy persons obtained on Health Promotion Center in Yeungnam university hospital. All the patients had history and clinical features of COPD as defined by the American Thoracic Society. Any patients with myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrythmia, hypertension, central or peripheral nervous system disease, diabetes mellitus, or any other diseases known to produce autonomic neuropathy, has excluded. The autonomic nervous system function tests included three tests evaluating the parasympathetic system and two tests evaluating the sympathetic system. And also all subjects were subjected to pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis. Results: Autonomic dysfunction was more commonly associated with patients with COPD than healthy person The parasympathetic dysfunction was frequent in patient with COPD, but sympathetic dysfunction seemed preserved. The severity of parasympathetic dysfunction in patients with COPD was correlated with the degree of duration of disease, smoking, reductions in the value of $FEV_1$ and FVC, and arterial hypoxemia but no such correlation existed for age, type of COPD, $FEV_1$/FVC, or $PaCO_s$. Conclusion: There is high frequency of parasympathetic dysfunction associated with COPD and the parasympathetic abnormality in COPD is increased in proportion to severity of airway disease. In COPD, parasympathetic dysfunction probably does not the cause of disease, but it may be an effect of disease progression.

• 건강소식
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.22-24
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• 2012

한국인의 사망 원인 1위는 단연 암이다. 간혹 자살이 그 순위를 넘보기는 하지만. 그런데 최근 몇 년 새 이를 맹추격하는 강적이 나타났다. 그 이름도 생소한 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환. 이름 그대로 오랜 기간 폐를 못살게 구는 병으로 담배가 가장 큰 주범이다. 노년기가 무한대로 늘어난 고령화 시대, 팔팔한 40대부터 병상을 차지하고 싶지 않다면 지금부터 시작해야 한다, 진실한 금연 생활을!

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.329-342
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• 2018

Nomogram is a statistical tool that visualizes the risk factors of the disease and then helps to understand the untrained people. This study used risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compared with logistic regression model and naïve Bayesian classifier model. Data were analyzed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 6th (2013-2015). First, we used 6 risk factors about COPD. We constructed nomogram using logistic regression model and naïve Bayesian classifier model. We also compared the nomograms constructed using the two methods to find out which method is more appropriate. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the calibration plot were used to verify each nomograms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.104-113
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• 1997

Background : Toxic oxygen free radicals have been implicated as important pathologic mediators in many clinical disorders. Enhancing the intracellular content of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) can provide means of limiting biological damage caused by oxygen free radicals. The oxygen free radicals and changes of antioxidant enzymes are though to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method : To investigate the pulmonary oxygen radical injury and the protective role of antioxidant enzymes in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), author measured the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactants, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the sulfhydry1 groups of glutathione in serum and red blood cells from the patients with COPD(COPD patients) and the normal controls. Results : The thiobarbituric acid reactant in serum and red blood cells of COPD patients was increased than those of the normal controls, and the superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells was no statistical difference in both groups. But the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in red blood cel1s of COPD patients were significantly lowered than those of the normal controls. The sulfhydry1 groups in serum and red blood cells were no statistically difference in both groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that the increased thiobarbituric acid reactants in serum and RBCs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mean oxygen radical toxicity, and the decreased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in RBC could take pan in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 1994

만성 폐쇄성 폐질환(COPD)은 하부 기도 즉 말초기도의 지속적인 미만성 폐쇄로 인하여 불가역성 기류폐쇄를 나타내는 질환을 말하며, 임상적으로 만성 기관지염과 폐기종으로 분류할 수 있으나, 이들은 기능적으로나 병리적으로 서로 중첩되어 임상적으로 명확하게 구별할 수 없기 때문에 만성적, 비특이적으로 진행하는 기류폐쇄의 포괄적인 용어로 COPD를 사용한다. COPD의 특징적인 병리변화는 소기도 즉 막성 세기관지염과 호흡세기관지염이며, 호흡세기관지염을 동반하는 폐기종의 중증도가 기류폐쇄의 정도를 결정하는 중요한 인자로 작용한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.795-802
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• 1999

Objective : Cardiopulmonary exercise test is a useful tool to evaluate the operative risk and to plan exercise treatment for the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). In cardiopulmonary exercise test, most of the measured parameters are recorded at the time of peak exercise, which are hard to attain in COPD patients. So we evaluated the usefulness of the parameter, breathing reserve index(BRI=minute ventilation [$V_E$]/maximal voluntary ventilation[MVV]) at the time of anaerobic threshold($BRI_{AT}$) for the differentiation of COPD patients with normal controls. Methods : Thirty-six COPD patients and forty-two healthy subjects underwent progressive, incremental exercise test with bicycle ergometer upto possible maximal exercise. All the parameters was measured by breath by breath method. Results : The maximal oxygen uptake in COPD patients (mean$\pm$SE) was $1061.2{\pm}65.6ml/min$ which was significantly lower than $2137.6{\pm}91.4ml/min$ of normal subjects(p<0.01). Percent predicted maximal oxygen uptake was 54.3% in COPD patients and 86.0% in normal subjects(p<0.01). Maximal exercise(respiratory quotient; $VCO_2/VO_2{\geq}1.09$) was accomplished in 7 of 36 COPD patients(19.4%) and in 18 of 42 normal subjects(42.9%). The $BRI_{AT}$ of COPD patients was higher($0.50{\pm}0.03$) than that of control subject($028{\pm}0.02$, p<0.01), reflecting early hyperventilation in COPD patient during exercise. The correlation between $BRI_{AT}$ and BRI at maximal exercise in COPD patients was good(r=0.9687, p<0.01). Conclusion : The $BRI_{AT}$ could be a useful parameter for the differentiation of COPD patients with normal controls in the submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.591-602
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• 2017

The concentration of fine dust has increased in Korea and people have become more concerned with respiratory diseases. This study selected risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through demographic and clinical features and constructed a nomogram. First, logistic regression analysis was performed using demographic and clinical feature and the pulmonary function test results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) $6^{th}$ (2013-2015) and the nomogram was constructed to visualize the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in order to facilitate the interpretation of the analysis results. The ROC curve and calibration plot were also used to verify the nomogram of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2009

Purpose : Early surfactant treatment and minimal ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia needed prolonged oxygen supplement is a problem. This study aimed to report the effects of early surfactant treatment and minimal ventilation on the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in respiratory distress syndrome. Methods : We retrospectively studied 139 premature newborn infants (gestational age, 36 weeks; birth weight, 1,500 gm) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Daegu Fatima Hospital between January 2001 and December 2006. We analyzed the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with respect to ventilator care and surfactant treatment. Results : The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly higher with prolonged ventilator care, moderate to severe respiratory distress syndrome, and low Apgar score (P<0.001). Despite early surfactant treatment and minimal ventilation, mild bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurs in a considerable number of patients with mild respiratory distress syndrome. The patient group with low Apgar scores required ventilator care for a prolonged period (P=0.020). Conclusion : Early surfactant treatment and minimal ventilation shortens the duration of ventilator care; however, the preventive effects on bronchopulmonary dysplasia are limited. Therefore, not only early surfactant treatment and minimal ventilation but also appropriate management in the delivery room is essential.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.123
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• pp.42-43
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• 2000