• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report 1 clinical experience of korean medicine treatment on chronic urticaria identified as "Wind Heat" pattern. Methods : We treated a 63-year old woman patient with Gagamtongcheong-san, acupuncture and pharmacopuncture. The improvement of patients evaluated using CU-Q2oL, UAS, and photography. Results : CU-Q2oL score decreased from 95 to 18, UAS decreased from 6 to 0. Conclusions : The complex treatments of korean medicine and was effective to improve of chronic urticaria. It is necessary to have more observations and case reports.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2004

Objective: This study was designed to investigate clinical features of chronic urticaria and assess Korean traditional medical therapy on that. Methods: The ratio of male and female, duration of symptoms, personal history and family history of allergic diseases, serum IgE level, and suspected causes and provocation factors were investigated in 41 patients with chronic urticaria. And frequency of wheals, duration of wheals, number of wheals, itch severity, and antihistamine counts of 6-point(0-5) score was assessed in 26 patients. The change of total scores between baseline and follow up were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test(p〈0.05). Results: 1. The ratio of male and female was 1:1.28 and the mean duration of symptoms was 26.0 months. 2. The frequency of personal history and family history of allergic diseases was each 53.7$\%$ and 48.8$\%$ and 30.6$\%$ had over 200 IU／mL serum IgE level. 3. The suspected causes were none(43.9$\%$), foods(29.3$\%$), drugs(9.8$\%$) and stress(7.3$\%$). 4. The suspected provocation factors were foods(39.0$\%$), none(19.5$\%$), fatigue(17.0$\%$), heat and sweating(l4.6$\%$), pressure(12.2$\%$) and stress(9.8). 5. The total scores between baseline and follow up of 26 patients was lowered from 14.85${\pm}$3.80 to 7.65${\pm}$4.31 and it was significant statistically. Conclusions: Korean traditional medical therapy was proved to be effective on the chronic urticaria and we need to consider foods as important factor in both treatment and patient education of urticaria.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was performed evaluate optimal dose for disimpaction, efficacy and safety of PEG 4000 in children with chronic functional constipation. Methods : Eighty six children with chronic functional constipation were enrolled in this prospective study at Konkuk university hospital March, 2003 through August, 2006. Success in disimpaction with PEG 4000 was defined as meeting at least two out of three criteria; resolution of chief complaint, getting easiness of defecation with respect to frequency of bowel movement and hardness of stool based on defecation diary, and decrease in fecal impaction on simple abdominal X-ray test. Adverse effects of PEG 4000 were monitored clinically and biochemically. Results : Eighty three out of 86 children completed the study, and success rate of disimpaction was 99% (82/83). The mean dose of PEG 4000 for disimpaction was $0.93{\pm}0.28g/kg/day$ (0.4-2.0 g/kg/day, Max.: 30 g/day). Frequency of bowel movement increased ($5.02{\pm}2.71/wk$ vs. $11.25{\pm}5.43/wk$) in most children (79/83). Fecal impaction on simple abdominal X-ray test improved with statistical significance in 25 children (P=0.0007). Because of adverse effect of PEG 4000, 3 children did not complete the study; urticaria, severe diarrhea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. One 6-year-old girl who completed the study complained tingling sensation in the hand and foot without laboratory abnormality (4/86, 4.7%). Laboratory test revealed hyperosmolality without clinical symptom in 1 child, and eosinophilia in 6 children. Conclusion : The average safe and effective dose of PEG 4000 for disimpaction was $0.93{\pm}0.28g/kg/day$ (0.4-2.0 g/kg/day, Max : 30 g/day) in children with chronic functional constipation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.60-69
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• 2013

Objective : This case series study was designed to assess the effect of Gamisungmagalguntang for chronic urticaria identified as "Wind-Heat" pattern by retrospective methods. Methods : We treated 19 patients for chronic urticaria with Gamisungmagalguntang(加味升麻葛根湯), who visited to care chronic urticaria at the department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology of Korean Medicine at Kyunghee University Korean Medical Center from 1st January 2013 to 31st August 2013. We analyzed information and body conditions of 19 patients. And by using Urticaria Activicy Score(UAS), frequency and number of wheals, itch severity and total score on a 4-point(0-3) scale were assessed in 19 patients. The change of each criterion and total scores between baseline and follow up were analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test(p<0.05). Results : 1. UAS improvement was statistically significant(p<0.001). Effects of symptom improvement were excellent(31.58%) that means symptom remission and good(42.10%) that means symptom improved over 50%. 2. Heat sensitivity as suspected provocation factor could be a marker for the Wind-Heat pattern urticaria. 3. Among the Wind-Heat pattern urticaria patients, normal digestion(52.63%) and no thirst(78.95%) were higher than abnormal conditions. Whereas about sweat item, abnormal conditions(57.89%) were higher than normal. That means abnormal sweat conditions could be a marker for a defense qi(衛氣) dysfunction of the Wind-Heat pattern urticaria. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that Gamisungmagalguntang could be effective on the Wind-Heat pattern urticaria.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2002

Introduction Urticaria is widely spread disease. About 15-20 $\%$ of population has experienced at least once in a life time. The etiology of urticaria is uncertain till now, and the affcting factors are various chemical material, physical factors, alcohol, fever, exercise, and hormone, etc. The symptoms of urticaria are small or large wheal-erythema reaction and itching or tingling sense. Cause there is no probe to detect the urticaria clearly, the treatment of urticaria is symptomatic. And mostly urticaria can be chronic and very hard to treat it fundamentally. Nowadays, many trials to treat the urticaria in oriental medical way show good curability. In this paper I'd like to report the treatment rate and degree of urticaria patients mostly using anti-histamine medication. Subjects From the outpatients who visited Korean Hospital of Kyunghee Kangnam during 2000-4 and 2002-1, the 36 chronic urticaria patients, at least more than 4 weeks from onset and 2weeks of treatment period, were chosen. Methods I evaluated the results of treatment with the following scale. Very Good: The all symptoms are clearly disappeared or one third of symptoms remain and sometimes eruption is appeared. Good: Half of the symptoms are improved but most of symptoms remain. No Change: No change appears before and after treatment. Worse: The degree and duration of eruption get worse than pre-treatment state. Results For Acupuncture treatment, I chose the several Acu points like Hapgok(합곡), Taichung(대충), Gokji(곡지), Yanggok(양곡), Yanggea(양계), and lmeup(족임읍), and usually lasted it 15 minutes. With the acupuncture treatment and herb medicine, 2-3 times a week, the patients whose treatment period was 2 to 4 weeks were 17(47.2$\%$), 4 to 8 weeks were 11(30.5$\%$), 8 to 12 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), 12 to 16 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), longer than 16 weeks were 2(5.5$\%$) Collecting the statistics of the frequency of prescripted herb medicine, Hyangsosan(향소산) was prescripted 21 times(58.3$\%$), Hyangsapyungwisan(향사평위산) was 15 times(41.6$\%$), Hwapisan(화피산) was 9 times(25$\%$), Yangwitang(양위탕) was 6 times(16.6$\%$), Bojungikkitang(보중익기탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$), Yongdamsagantang (용담사간탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$). The result of the treatments, evaluating with mentioned rate scale, was 11 cases(30.5$\%$) were Very Good degree, 19 cases(52.7$\%$) were Good , 6 cases(16.6$\%$) were No Change. No cases were Worse degree. Conclusion According to this research, we could say that chronic urticaria can be treated with Oriental medical methods. But more precise probes in both Oriental and Western medicine to diagnose the chronic urticaria should be established and we need to make standards for testing and diagnosing the chronic urticaria.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the using trends of UAS7 over the last 5 years to analyze patients using UAS7 in a single Korean medicine hospital and to understand and suggest the actual status of application in clinical research. Methods : PubMed, RISS and OASIS were used to search clinical research papers related to chronic urticaria in the last 5 years. The adherence of UAS7 was assessed based on medical records in a single Korean medical hospital for 4 weeks. Results : Total 536 articles were selected, and 401(74.8%) articles used the assessment tool. UAS7 has been most commonly used assessment tool to evaluate the severity of chronic urticaria and DLQI has been most commonly used to evaluate the quality of life. The usage rate of UAS7 increased from 50% in 2016 to 85% in 2020. There were a total of 10 articles in traditional medicine research, of which 9 assessment tools were used and 4 articles used UAS7. To analyze adherence of UAS7, a total of 15 patients were selected. 6 patients (40%) did not record any value, and only 2 patients(13%) showed more than 80% adherence. Conclusions : UAS7 is most commonly used assessment tool in clinical research currently. However, since patient record adherence tends to be poor, it is needed to find ways increasing the UAS7 record adherence.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1999

The authors surveyed the inhabitants of a rural area to assess the patterns of medical utilization on dermatoses. Seven hundred and sixty new outpatients of dermatoses were examined and surveyed with formed questionnaire from March 1997 to February 1999. The results are as follows; 1. Among 760 new outpatients, the number of male patients was 283(37.2%) and that of female patients was 477(67.3%). 2. The most common dermatoses was Tinea pedis(34.9%), and follows senile pruritus, contact dermatitis, housewife eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, numular dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea ungium, acne vulgaris, impetigo, keratolysis exfoliativa, chronic urticaria, Tinea cruris and Molluscum contagiosum in orders. 3. Drug store was the most frequent places where patients initially visited for their skin diseases(39.6%) and followed by non dermatologic clinic, dermatologic clinic and general hospital in orders. 4. One hundred and twenty one(15.9%) patients have been experienced folk treatment. It was founded that the topical vinegar application or soaking was the most common method. Many patients felt no symptom improvement after the folk treatment(48.8%). Seventeen point four percent of patient felt symptom worsened. The results of this study suggest that many of the rural inhabitants are lack of understanding on their dermatoses. So many physician who are in charge of the primary care in rural area have to pay attention to the common dermatoses and educate patients on their medical utilization.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2000

Purpose: During the first year of life, cow's milk protein is the major offender causing food allergy. Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2~7% of infants, of which approximately one-half show predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms. We studied the clinical types of cow's milk allergy with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms (CMA-GI) of childhood. Methods: The retrospective study was performed on 30 (male 22, female 8) patients who had diagnosed as CMA-GI during 2 years and 3 months from March 1995 to June 1997. Results: 1) Children with CMA-GI presented in the three types of clinical manifestation on the basis of time to reaction to milk ingestion: Quick (Q) onset (5 cases), Slow (S) onset (20 cases), Quick & Slow (Q&S) (5 cases). 2) Age on admission of the three groups was significantly different (p<0.05): (Q onset: $81.4{\pm}67.1$ days, S onset: $31.9{\pm}12.7$ days, Q&S: $366.0{\pm}65.0$ days). Although the body weight at birth was 10~95 percentile in all patients, body weight on admission was different: (Q onset: 10~50 percentile, S onset: below 10 percentile, Q&S: 10~25 percentile). S onset group was significantly different compared with other groups (p<0.05) and 90% of this one was failure to thrive below 3 percentile. 3) Peripheral leukocyte counts were as followings: (Q onset: $5,700{\sim}12,300/mm^3$, S onset: $10,000{\sim}33,400/mm^3$, Q&S: $5,200{\sim}14,900/mm^3$). Slow onset group was significantly different compared with other groups (p<0.05). Serum albumin levels on admission were as followings: (Q onset: $4.2{\pm}0.4\;g/dl$, S onset: $3.0{\pm}0.3\;g/dl$, Q&S: $4.0{\pm}0.3\;g/dl$). S onset group was significantly different compared with other groups (p<0.05) and 85% of this one was below 3.5 g/dl. 4) Although morphometrical analysis on small intestinal mucosa did not show enteropathy in Q onset and Q&S groups, all cases of S onset revealed enteropathy: 45% of this one showed subtotal villous atrophy, 55 % showed partial villous atrophy. 5) Allergic reaction test to other foods was not performed in S onset group because of ethical problem and high risk in general condition. In Q onset group, allergic reaction to one or two other foods: soy formula, weaning formula and eggs. Q&S goup revealed allergic reactions to several foods or to most of all foods except protein hydrolysate formula: eggs, potatos, some kinds of sea food, apples, carrots, beef and chicken. 6) Serum IgE level, peripheral eosinophil counts, milk RAST, soy RAST, skin test were not significantly different among groups. Conclusion: CMA-GI may present in three clinical ways on the basis of time to reaction to milk ingestion, typical clinical findings and morphologic changes in the small bowel mucosal biopsy specimens. This clinical subdivision might be helpful in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in CMA-GI. Early suspicion is mandatory especially in S onset type because of high risks with malnutrition and enteropathy.