• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2003

Background : Unexplained weight loss, which commonly occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), is important because weight loss is an independent risk factor of mortality and morbidity in these patients. Leptin is known to play an important role in regulating body weight. In addition, the tumor necrosis factor($TNF-{\alpha}$) might also play a potential role in the weight loss experienced in chronic wasting disease. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of plasma leptin and the circulating $TNF-{\alpha}$ system to the difference in the body compositions in patients with COPD. Methods : Spirometry, body composition analysis and the plasma concentrations of leptin, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and a soluble TNF receptor (STNF-R55, -R75) were measured in 31 patients with chronic bronchitis and 10 patients with emphysema. The COPD subtype was classified by the transfer coefficient of carbon monoxide, DLco/VA. Results : The circulating levels of leptin were significantly lower in those patients with emphysema($108.5{\pm}39.37pg/ml$) than those with chronic bronchitis($180.9{\pm}57.7pg/ml$). The circulating levels of sTNF-R55 were significantly higher in the emphysema patients($920.4{\pm}116.4pg/ml$) than in those with chronic bronchitis($803.2{\pm}80.8pg/ml$). There was no relationship between the circulating leptin levels and the activated TNF system in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. However, the circulating leptin levels correlated well with the BMI and fat mass in both patient groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that the weight loss noted in emphysema patients may be associated with the activation of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ system rather than the plasma leptin level.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.219-220
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• 1993

• 월간산업보건
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• s.354
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• pp.39-51
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• 2017

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2001

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2008

Overlap syndrome can be defined as a coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The association of COPD and SAHS has been suspected because of the frequency of both diseases. Prevalence of COPD and SAHS is respectively 10 and 5% of the adult population over 40 years of age. However, a recent study has shown that the prevalence of SAHS is not higher in COPD than in the general population. The coexistence of the two diseases is only due to chance. SAHS does not affect the pathophysiology of COPD and vice versa. Prevalence of overlap syndrome is expected to occur in about 0.5% of the adult population over 40 years of age. Patients with overlap syndrome have a more profound hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and pulmonary hypertension when compared with patients with SAHS alone or usual COPD patients without SAHS. To treat the overlap syndrome, nocturnal noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) can be applied with or without nocturnal oxygen supplement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1999

Background: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). it is well known that hypoxemia increases the frequency of VPB, which is associated with the poor prognosis such as sudden death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of short and long-term low flow oxygen therapy on the development of VPBs in patients with COPD by correcting the hypoxemia. Method: In 19 patients with COPD, oxygen saturation and VPB's were monitored by pulse oxymeter and 24-hour Holter EKG, with room air and oxygen saturation and VPB's were monitored on the 1st and on the 8th day during oxygen therapy with nasal prong (2L/min). Results : The arterial oxygen saturation was significantly higher on the 1st day of oxygen therapy compared with breathing room air, and was also higher on the 8th day of oxygen therapy than on the 1st day. We found that there was significant correlation between the lowest value of the arterial oxygen saturation and the mean value of the arterial oxygen saturation. The number of VPB's per hour was significantly lower on the 1st day of oxygen therapy compared with breathing room air, and also lower on the 8th day of oxygen therapy than on the 1st day. Our results showed positive correlation between the decrease in the frequency of VPB's and the increase in the lowest arterial oxygen saturation, even though correlation was not significant(p=0.056). Conclusion: With oxygen therapy, the arterial oxygen saturation was increased and the number of VPB's was decreased. Long-term oxygen therapy more than 7days, would be helpful to decrease the number of VPB' s in patients with COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1993

Background: There is evidence that platelet is activated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and activated platelet with injured endothelium contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, prognostic factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. So, we have investigated platelet function further in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and effect of platelet activation on pulmonary hypertension. Method: We studied platelet aggregation ratio and alpha-granule products such as platelet factor 4(PF4) and beta-thromboglobulin (${\beta}$-TG) in control subjects and COPD without and with pulmonary hypertension subjects. Result: 1) The platelet aggregation ratio (PAR) was $0.99{\pm}0.04$ in control subjects, $0.98{\pm}0.05$ in COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects and $0.89{\pm}0.08$ in COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects. The platelet aggregation ratio of COPD subjects was tend to decrease than that of control subjects and the ratio of COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects was significantly lower than that of control subjects. 2) The platelet factor 4 (PF4, IU/ml) was $4.7{\pm}1.2$ in control subjects, $18.6{\pm}4.9$ in COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects and $57.2{\pm}12.7$ in COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects. The level of COPD subjects was significantly higher than that of control subjects and the level of COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects was significantly higher than that of COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects. 3) The beta-thromboglobulin (${\beta}$-TG, IU/ml) was $34.4{\pm}5.8$ in control subjects, $80.4{\pm}18.1$ in COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects and $93.0{\pm}14.0$ in COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects. The level of COPD subjects was significantly higher than that of conrtrol subjects and the level of COPD with pulmonary hypertension subjects was tend to increase than that of COPD without pulmonary hypertension subjects. 4) There was no correlation between the clinical parameters and PAR, PF4 and ${\beta}$-TG but there was significant correlation among PAR, PF4 and ${\beta}$-TG. Conclusion: The platelet is activated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the platelet of COPD with pulmonary hypertension is tend to be activated more than that of COPD without pulmonary hypertension. So, activated platelet may involve in the pathogenesis and maintenance of pulmonary hypertension in COPD subjects and modulation of platelet activity that might reduce pulmonary hypertension needs to be determined.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 1997

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we administered clarithromycin(250mg) twice in a day in 30 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from September to November in 1996. Twenty eight cases of 30 patients were cured(93.4%) and 2 cases(6.7%) show clincal improvement. Three cases were improved within 3 days of treatment and 24 cases were improved between 5 days and 12 days of treatment. There were no significant side effects. These results suggest that clarithromycin will be effective as a first line therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1992

Background: Cognitive deficit by hypoxia and/or hypercapnia is one of neuropsychological impairments frequently observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The degree of cognitive deficit is variable among patients with similar level of hypoxia and/or hypercapnia, although a cause of this individual difference is well not known. COPD can be divided into two characteristic clinical entities including predominant emphysema and predominant bronchitis. This study was designed to evaluate the individual difference in cognitive deficit respond to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia in patients with COPD. Method: Sixteen patients with COPD (9 emphysema-dominant and 7 bronchitis-dominant) participated in this study. On admission arterial blood gas analysis and trail-making B (TMB) test for the evaluation of cognitive function were done in all patients. Mean TMB scores and the correlations between TMB scores and arterial blood gases were compared between two clinical groups. Results: 1) Mean TMB scores and arterial blood gases between two clinical groups were not different. 2) There was a tendency to be higher TMB score in hypoxemia, acidemia, and hypercapnia. However these findings were not statistically significant. 3) In emphysema-dominant group, $PaCO_2$ was mostly well correlated with TMB score (r=0.693). 4) In bronchitis-dominant group, arterial pH was mostly well correlated with TMB score (r=-0.526). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the individual difference in cognitive deficit respond to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia in patients with COPD may be dependent on their clinical entities, and arterial blood gases mostly well correlated with cognitive function that may be different according to their clinical entities.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-261
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• 2023

Objective: Farmers are known to have high prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This study aims to investigate the current status of asthma and COPD in domestic and foreign farmers with the ultimate goal of raising awareness of asthma and COPD among farmers and contribute to supporting evidence for the prevention of respiratory diseases in farmers. Methods: The study utilized data from the "Farmer's Occupational Disease Survey," conducted by the Rural Development Administration, to determine the prevalence of respiratory diseases in domestic farmers. The prevalence of asthma and COPD in overseas farmers was evaluated by researching other foreign studies and articles. Results: The prevalence of asthma and COPD in domestic farmers was less than of foreign farmers'. The prevalence of asthma in domestic farmers was high as upto 8.4% and COPD upto 5.5%. Studies from Europe and America showed prevalence of asthma in farmers high as upto 14.8% and COPD upto 17.1%. Conclusions: This study conducted an investigation using the 'Survey on Occupational Diseases and Injuries in Farmers to understand the current status of asthma and COPD in domestic farmers. Due to a lack of relevant domestic research, we examined and compared with the research results on asthma and COPD among overseas farmers. Further research is necessary and preventive measures for respiratory diseases need to be developed.