• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.77-99
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• 2020

Smart speaker is a device that provides an interactive voice-based service that can search and use various information and contents such as music, calendar, weather, and merchandise using artificial intelligence. Since AI technology provides more sophisticated and optimized services to users by accumulating data, early smart speaker manufacturers tried to build a platform through aggressive marketing. However, the frequency of using smart speakers is less than once a month, accounting for more than one third of the total, and user satisfaction is only 49%. Accordingly, the necessity of strengthening the user experience of smart speakers has emerged in order to acquire a large number of users and to enable continuous use. Therefore, this study analyzes the user experience of the smart speaker and proposes a method for enhancing the user experience of the smart speaker. Based on the analysis results in two stages, we propose ways to enhance the user experience of smart speakers by model. The existing research on the user experience of the smart speaker was mainly conducted by survey and interview-based research, whereas this study collected the actual review data written by the user. Also, this study interpreted the analysis result based on the smart speaker user experience dimension. There is an academic significance in interpreting the text mining results by developing the smart speaker user experience dimension. Based on the results of this study, we can suggest strategies for enhancing the user experience to smart speaker manufacturers.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.108-123
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• 2024

In particular, as the current educational institutions are becoming more competitive, universities need to make efforts to survive the fierce competition by improving their service qualities. In this situation, this study was conducted to confirm the effect of international students' evaluation of university service quality on university loyalty through university satisfaction and service engagements, And several implications can be suggested as follows. First, the dimensions of university service quality were identified as important factors that had a great influence on the university satisfaction of international students. Among the service quality dimensions, support services related to international students were found to be the most important variable in university satisfaction. The school's efforts to solve the inconvenience of international students and the grievances of students who feel difficulties that their own students do not feel are considered a very important factor in the satisfaction of international students. Second, it was found that international students' class engagement or friendship engagement can be increased through satisfaction with the school, and eventually, the increased engagements affect university loyalty. In particular, it has been verified that for international students, the loyalty of the school can be increased by establishing friendships with students from various countries and participating in various school programs. Finally, according to the purposes of studying abroad, the difference was confirmed between the groups studying for academic development and better employment and the group employed for overseas experience and immigration.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.69-88
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• 2016

Nowadays, organizations have adopted Smart Work to efficiently manage tasks, such as electronic document approval, customer management, and site inspection, without spatial-temporal constraints. Smartphones, which are commonly used in Smart Work, enable individuals to perform their jobs anytime and anywhere, thus blurring the boundary between work and non-work. To solve the problem of blurred work/non-work boundaries, a construct of self-control and affective factors needs to be considered because business style is changed from command to autonomy in the Smart Work context. Moreover, employees can convey their emotions easily over smartphones. Recent marketing studies have analyzed consumers' behavior based on the combination of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, and researchers of information systems are also interested in these factors. However, previous research has some limitations, such as not classifying factors into cognitive, affective, and behavioral as well as not covering all three factors. Therefore, we explore the roles of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components in emotional exhaustion and education performance, and conduct a survey on undergraduate and graduate students, who are the major users of smartphones. Findings show that when individuals improve their cognitive capability (self-control) and usage experience (smartphone communication and internet usage), they can decrease emotional exhaustion and increase education performance. In the role of affective capability, increasing education performance is partially accepted. These results imply that organizations should not focus on controlling the usage of smartphones but on promoting appropriate smartphone usage.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.141-154
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• 2016

Mobile application is growing explosively with the advent of a new technology: smartphones. Mobile application is a new marketing channel and performs as a start-up platform. This study examines the effect of mobile application on the off-line market. Despite the continuous declining demand for taxi service, paradoxically, the supply of taxi service has increased. The taxi industry can be categorized into general taxi and call taxi. General taxi is accidental and inefficient because it has to search for its own passenger. As call taxi takes the request of a passenger, it is more efficient than general taxi. However, the current defective passenger-taxi driver matching system and insufficient taxi driver management hinder the development of the call taxi market. Differences in differences (DID) is an econometrical methodology that examines whether or not an event has meaningful influence. This research uses DID to investigate the effect of the Kakao taxi application on the call taxi industry. Furthermore, it examines the effect of major companies' reckless diversification, which is considered unethical behavior. The passengers of call taxi data from August 2014 to July 2015 and those of designated driving service data of the same period were collected as the control group.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-108
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• 2014

To support business decision making, interests and efforts to analyze and use transaction data in different perspectives are increasing. Such efforts are not only limited to customer management or marketing, but also used for monitoring and detecting fraud transactions. Fraud transactions are evolving into various patterns by taking advantage of information technology. To reflect the evolution of fraud transactions, there are many efforts on fraud detection methods and advanced application systems in order to improve the accuracy and ease of fraud detection. As a case of fraud detection, this study aims to provide effective fraud detection methods for auction exception agricultural products in the largest Korean agricultural wholesale market. Auction exception products policy exists to complement auction-based trades in agricultural wholesale market. That is, most trades on agricultural products are performed by auction; however, specific products are assigned as auction exception products when total volumes of products are relatively small, the number of wholesalers is small, or there are difficulties for wholesalers to purchase the products. However, auction exception products policy makes several problems on fairness and transparency of transaction, which requires help of fraud detection. In this study, to generate fraud detection rules, real huge agricultural products trade transaction data from 2008 to 2010 in the market are analyzed, which increase more than 1 million transactions and 1 billion US dollar in transaction volume. Agricultural transaction data has unique characteristics such as frequent changes in supply volumes and turbulent time-dependent changes in price. Since this was the first trial to identify fraud transactions in this domain, there was no training data set for supervised learning. So, fraud detection rules are generated using outlier detection approach. We assume that outlier transactions have more possibility of fraud transactions than normal transactions. The outlier transactions are identified to compare daily average unit price, weekly average unit price, and quarterly average unit price of product items. Also quarterly averages unit price of product items of the specific wholesalers are used to identify outlier transactions. The reliability of generated fraud detection rules are confirmed by domain experts. To determine whether a transaction is fraudulent or not, normal distribution and normalized Z-value concept are applied. That is, a unit price of a transaction is transformed to Z-value to calculate the occurrence probability when we approximate the distribution of unit prices to normal distribution. The modified Z-value of the unit price in the transaction is used rather than using the original Z-value of it. The reason is that in the case of auction exception agricultural products, Z-values are influenced by outlier fraud transactions themselves because the number of wholesalers is small. The modified Z-values are called Self-Eliminated Z-scores because they are calculated excluding the unit price of the specific transaction which is subject to check whether it is fraud transaction or not. To show the usefulness of the proposed approach, a prototype of fraud transaction detection system is developed using Delphi. The system consists of five main menus and related submenus. First functionalities of the system is to import transaction databases. Next important functions are to set up fraud detection parameters. By changing fraud detection parameters, system users can control the number of potential fraud transactions. Execution functions provide fraud detection results which are found based on fraud detection parameters. The potential fraud transactions can be viewed on screen or exported as files. The study is an initial trial to identify fraud transactions in Auction Exception Agricultural Products. There are still many remained research topics of the issue. First, the scope of analysis data was limited due to the availability of data. It is necessary to include more data on transactions, wholesalers, and producers to detect fraud transactions more accurately. Next, we need to extend the scope of fraud transaction detection to fishery products. Also there are many possibilities to apply different data mining techniques for fraud detection. For example, time series approach is a potential technique to apply the problem. Even though outlier transactions are detected based on unit prices of transactions, however it is possible to derive fraud detection rules based on transaction volumes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.541-551
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• 2012

In our previous work, we reported consumers' perceptions of body shape and weight control. In an ongoing effort, we analyzed the purchasing behavior, intake patterns, future purchasing decisions, and degree of satisfaction in individuals consuming dietary formula for weight control (DF) or heath/functional foods (HFFs) by using the same survey questions. Portfolio analysis for marketing strategy was also investigated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to consumption of DF or HFF during the previous year : DF group (n = 89) and HFF group (n = 110). Average intake frequency was $1.7{\pm}0.7$ per day for HFFs and $1.5{\pm}0.9$ per day for the DF, and the most prevalent form was pill (58.2%) for HFFs and bar (42.7%) for DF. Duration of intake was $3.1{\pm}2.3$ months for HFFs versus $3.9{\pm}3.5$ months for DF. The average degree of satisfaction was $3.6{\pm}0.6$ on a 5-point scale, meaning 'relatively satisfied'. For the weight control method to be used in the future, 44.5% of the HFF group selected 'HFFs' while 47.2% of the DF group selected 'DF', showing a tendency to use the current product type in the future. The average planned period for the intake was $3.8{\pm}3.7$ months for HFFs and $3.0{\pm}2.4$ months for DF (p < 0.05). The HFF group emphasized efficacy, functional ingredients of the products, reliable products, and higher satisfaction, whereas the DF group emphasized the added materials in addition to weight control effects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the users' behaviors and to suggest development strategies in Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta) eco-forest(UKPEF), which is located in Kyeongbuk. The data were collected by interviewing 122 visitors to september 3 from august 29, 2007 with a constructed questionnaire. The results of the analysis are as follows. 1. The major visitors of UKPEF are male and the age between 20 to 30, the residents of the Uljin county with relatively high academic background. 2. The motive of visiting UKPEF is mainly by the beauty and taste of Kumgang pine tree and the condition of the forest. The visitors are mainly composed of family, not big group. 3. The visitors of UKPEF have obtained information about the Kumgang fine tree forest mainly from friends, not from the internet or travel agency. 4. The visitors of UKPEF pointed out lack of convenient facilities such as toilets and water-supply facilities. However, visitors are satisfied by the condition of the forest. 5. The visitors of UKPEF set a high value on Kumgang fine tree, So, more active marketing strategy about Uljin Kumgang pine tree has to be established. 6. The visitors of UKPEF are more satisfied by the Uljin Kumgang pine tree forest than expected. The development strategies of UKPEF are suggest as follows. (1) Auto tram system has to be set up and new trail should be constructed to attract more visitors and people of other regions. (2) To attract group tourists, new program should be developed. (3) Advertisement through internet or travel agency has to be developed. (4) Government(local) should make a plan to register the forest as World natural heritage. (5) Monitoring and evaluation system has to be developed to satisfy tourists. In conclusion, the efforts of taking care of and preserving the UKPEF should be made at the national level. I hope that more Koreans can have chance to feel and experience the value and excellence ofthe Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to identify the consumer behavior using in campus specialty coffee shop and to establish the marketing strategies through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of service quality. Questionnaires were distributed to 725 students at K University located in Masan, from April 23 to May 3, 2007. Finally, 621 questionnaires were included in the final analysis (response rate: 85.7%). For statistical analysis, SPSS (12.0) was used to conduct the descriptive analysis, t-test, factor analysis and reliability test. The results of this study were as follows. The average cost of using specialty coffee shop in campus was \ 2,096, the average staying time was 25.92 min and the average number of visits per month was 2.17 times. The importance level of 'employee's attitude', 'physical environment', 'sensory quality of coffee', 'beverage features', 'representativeness' were 3.88, 3.79, 3.73, 3.67, 3.28 points, respectively. Also, the performance level of 'sensory quality of coffee', 'beverage features', 'employee's attitude', 'physical environment', 'representativeness' were 3.13, 3.06, 3.05, 2.77, 2.61, respectively. The importance and performance levels of service quality of specialty coffee shop in campus were significantly different (p<.001). Establishment of marketing strategies for in campus speciality coffee shop was possible through the IPA of service quality. Strategies for improving customer satisfaction were to secure enough chairs/ tables, to procure comfortable chairs for customer and to ensure the quality of coffee bean and service of employee.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.492-499
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to identify the attribute factors for fast food selection according to their characteristics of the use behaviors and demographics. The results of these findings suggest the attribute factors for selection were classified into ten : physical service, cleanliness/promptness, human service, convenience/promotion, accessibility, menu variety, food quality, service for child and parking, added service, and comfortness. “Cleanliness” and “good taste” were considered as determining factors in selecting a fast food restaurant. According to the consumer's use behaviors and demographics, attribute factors for fast food selection were significantly different. Therefore, the marketers and managers on the fast food industry should develop their own appropriate marketing strategies and implement effective targeting, positioning, and promotional strategies.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.193-206
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• 2014

The objectives of the project are to increase farmers' income through GAP and to reduce the loss of agricultural produce, for which the Korean partner takes a role of transferring needed technologies to the project site. To accomplish the project plan, it is set to implement the project with six components: construction of buildings, installation of agricultural facilities, establishment of demonstration farms, dispatching experts, conducting training program in Korea and provision of equipments. The Project Management Committee and the Project Implementation Team are consisted of Korean experts and senior officials from Department of Agriculture, Myanmar that managed the project systematically to ensure the success of the project. The process of the project are; the ceremony of laying the foundation and commencing the construction of training center in April, 2012. The Ribbon Cutting Ceremony for the completion of GAP Training Center was successfully held under PMC (MOAI, GAPI/ARDC) arrangement in SAl, Naypyitaw on June 17, 2012. The Chairman of GAPI, Dr. Sang Mu Lee, Director General U Kyaw Win of DOA, officials and staff members from Korea and Myanmar, teachers and students from SAl attended the ceremony. The team carried out an inspection and fixing donors' plates on donated project machineries, agro-equipments, vehicles, computers and printer, furniture, tools and so forth. Demonstration farm for paddy rice, fruits and vegetables was laid out in April, 2012. Twenty nine Korean rice varieties and many Korean vegetable varieties were introduced into GAP Project farm to check the suitability of the varieties under Myanmar growing conditions. Paddy was cultivated three times in DAR and twice in SAl. In June 2012, vinyl houses were started to be constructed for raising seedlings and finished in December 2012. Fruit orchard for mango, longan and dragon fruit was established in June, 2012. Vegetables were grown until successful harvest and the harvested produce was used for panel testing and distribution in January 2013. Machineries for postharvest handling systems were imported in November 2012. Setting the washing line for vegetables were finished and the system as run for testing in June 2013. New water tanks, pine lines, pump house and electricity were set up in October 2013.